Introduction Parkinson’s Disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s, affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. Parkinson’s is characterized primarily by the deterioration of motor and cognitive ability. There is no single test which can be administered for diagnosis. Instead, doctors must perform a careful clinical analysis of the patient’s medical history. Unfortunately, this method of diagnosis is highly inaccurate. A study from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders finds that early diagnosis (having symptoms for 5 years or less) is only 53% accurate. This is not much better than random guessing, but an early diagnosis is critical to effective treatment. Because of these difficulties, I investigate a machine learning approach to accurately diagnose Parkinson’s, using a dataset of various speech features (a non-invasive yet characteristic tool) from the University of Oxford. Why speech features? Speech is very predictive and characteristic of Parkinson’s disease; almost every Parkinson’s patient experiences severe vocal degradation (inability to produce sustained phonations, tremor, hoarseness), so it makes sense to use voice to diagnose the disease. Voice analysis gives the added benefit of being non-invasive, inexpensive, and very easy to extract clinically. Background Parkinson's Disease Parkinson’s is a progressive neurodegenerative condition resulting from the death of the dopamine containing cells of the substantia nigra (which plays an important role in movement). Symptoms include: “frozen” facial features, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), akinesia (impairment of voluntary movement), tremor, and voice impairment. Typically, by the time the disease is diagnosed, 60% of nigrostriatal neurons have degenerated, and 80% of striatal dopamine have been depleted. Performance Metrics TP = true positive, FP = false positive, TN = true negative, FN = false negative Accuracy: (TP+TN)/(P+N) Matthews Correlation Coefficient: 1=perfect, 0=random, -1=completely inaccurate Algorithms Employed Logistic Regression (LR): Uses the sigmoid logistic equation with weights (coefficient values) and biases (constants) to model the probability of a certain class for binary classification. An output of 1 represents one class, and an output of 0 represents the other. Training the model will learn the optimal weights and biases. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA): Assumes that the data is Gaussian and each feature has the same variance. LDA estimates the mean and variance for each class from the training data, and then uses properties of statistics (Bayes theorem , Gaussian distribution, etc) to compute the probability of a particular instance belonging to a given class. The class with the largest probability is the prediction. k Nearest Neighbors (KNN): Makes predictions about the validation set using the entire training set. KNN makes a prediction about a new instance by searching through the entire set to find the k “closest” instances. “Closeness” is determined using a proximity measurement (Euclidean) across all features. The class that the majority of the k closest instances belong to is the class that the model predicts the new instance to be. Decision Tree (DT): Represented by a binary tree, where each root node represents an input variable and a split point, and each leaf node contains an output used to make a prediction. Neural Network (NN): Models the way the human brain makes decisions. Each neuron takes in 1+ inputs, and then uses an activation function to process the input with weights and biases to produce an output. Neurons can be arranged into layers, and multiple layers can form a network to model complex decisions. Training the network involves using the training instances to optimize the weights and biases. Naive Bayes (NB): Simplifies the calculation of probabilities by assuming that all features are independent of one another (a strong but effective assumption). Employs Bayes Theorem to calculate the probabilities that the instance to be predicted is in each class, then finds the class with the highest probability. Gradient Boost (GB): Generally used when seeking a model with very high predictive performance. Used to reduce bias and variance (“error”) by combining multiple “weak learners” (not very good models) to create a “strong learner” (high performance model). Involves 3 elements: a loss function (error function) to be optimized, a weak learner (decision tree) to make predictions, and an additive model to add trees to minimize the loss function. Gradient descent is used to minimize error after adding each tree (one by one). Engineering Goal Produce a machine learning model to diagnose Parkinson’s disease given various features of a patient’s speech with at least 90% accuracy and/or a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of at least 0.9. Compare various algorithms and parameters to determine the best model for predicting Parkinson’s. Dataset Description Source: the University of Oxford 195 instances (147 subjects with Parkinson’s, 48 without Parkinson’s) 22 features (elements that are possibly characteristic of Parkinson’s, such as frequency, pitch, amplitude / period of the sound wave) 1 label (1 for Parkinson’s, 0 for no Parkinson’s) Project Pipeline pipeline Summary of Procedure Split the Oxford Parkinson’s Dataset into two parts: one for training, one for validation (evaluate how well the model performs) Train each of the following algorithms with the training set: Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, k Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Neural Network, Naive Bayes, Gradient Boost Evaluate results using the validation set Repeat for the following training set to validation set splits: 80% training / 20% validation, 75% / 25%, and 70% / 30% Repeat for a rescaled version of the dataset (scale all the numbers in the dataset to a range from 0 to 1: this helps to reduce the effect of outliers) Conduct 5 trials and average the results Data a_o a_r m_o m_r Data Analysis In general, the models tended to perform the best (both in terms of accuracy and Matthews Correlation Coefficient) on the rescaled dataset with a 75-25 train-test split. The two highest performing algorithms, k Nearest Neighbors and the Neural Network, both achieved an accuracy of 98%. The NN achieved a MCC of 0.96, while KNN achieved a MCC of 0.94. These figures outperform most existing literature and significantly outperform current methods of diagnosis. Conclusion and Significance These robust results suggest that a machine learning approach can indeed be implemented to significantly improve diagnosis methods of Parkinson’s disease. Given the necessity of early diagnosis for effective treatment, my machine learning models provide a very promising alternative to the current, rather ineffective method of diagnosis. Current methods of early diagnosis are only 53% accurate, while my machine learning model produces 98% accuracy. This 45% increase is critical because an accurate, early diagnosis is needed to effectively treat the disease. Typically, by the time the disease is diagnosed, 60% of nigrostriatal neurons have degenerated, and 80% of striatal dopamine have been depleted. With an earlier diagnosis, much of this degradation could have been slowed or treated. My results are very significant because Parkinson’s affects over 10 million people worldwide who could benefit greatly from an early, accurate diagnosis. Not only is my machine learning approach more accurate in terms of diagnostic accuracy, it is also more scalable, less expensive, and therefore more accessible to people who might not have access to established medical facilities and professionals. The diagnosis is also much simpler, requiring only a 10-15 second voice recording and producing an immediate diagnosis. Future Research Given more time and resources, I would investigate the following: Create a mobile application which would allow the user to record his/her voice, extract the necessary vocal features, and feed it into my machine learning model to diagnose Parkinson’s. Use larger datasets in conjunction with the University of Oxford dataset. Tune and improve my models even further to achieve even better results. Investigate different structures and types of neural networks. Construct a novel algorithm specifically suited for the prediction of Parkinson’s. Generalize my findings and algorithms for all types of dementia disorders, such as Alzheimer’s. References Bind, Shubham. "A Survey of Machine Learning Based Approaches for Parkinson Disease Prediction." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies 6 (2015): n. pag. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies. 2015. Web. 8 Mar. 2017. Brooks, Megan. "Diagnosing Parkinson's Disease Still Challenging." Medscape Medical News. National Institute of Neurological Disorders, 31 July 2014. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. Exploiting Nonlinear Recurrence and Fractal Scaling Properties for Voice Disorder Detection', Little MA, McSharry PE, Roberts SJ, Costello DAE, Moroz IM. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2007, 6:23 (26 June 2007) Hashmi, Sumaiya F. "A Machine Learning Approach to Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease."Claremont Colleges Scholarship. Claremont College, 2013. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. Karplus, Abraham. "Machine Learning Algorithms for Cancer Diagnosis." Machine Learning Algorithms for Cancer Diagnosis (n.d.): n. pag. Mar. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. Little, Max. "Parkinsons Data Set." UCI Machine Learning Repository. University of Oxford, 26 June 2008. Web. 20 Feb. 2017. Ozcift, Akin, and Arif Gulten. "Classifier Ensemble Construction with Rotation Forest to Improve Medical Diagnosis Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 104.3 (2011): 443-51. Semantic Scholar. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. "Parkinson’s Disease Dementia." UCI MIND. N.p., 19 Oct. 2015. Web. 17 Feb. 2017. Salvatore, C., A. Cerasa, I. Castiglioni, F. Gallivanone, A. Augimeri, M. Lopez, G. Arabia, M. Morelli, M.c. Gilardi, and A. Quattrone. "Machine Learning on Brain MRI Data for Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy."Journal of Neuroscience Methods 222 (2014): 230-37. 2014. Web. 18 Mar. 2017. Shahbakhi, Mohammad, Danial Taheri Far, and Ehsan Tahami. "Speech Analysis for Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease Using Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine."Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 07.04 (2014): 147-56. Scientific Research. July 2014. Web. 2 Mar. 2017. "Speech and Communication." Speech and Communication. Parkinson's Disease Foundation, n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. Sriram, Tarigoppula V. S., M. Venkateswara Rao, G. V. Satya Narayana, and D. S. V. G. K. Kaladhar. "Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease Using Machine Learning and Data Mining Systems from Voice Dataset." SpringerLink. Springer, Cham, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.

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http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4848277/TutsPlus---Build-Web-Apps-in-Node-and-Express.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5683153/Tutsplus---Catch-Up-with-Ruby-on-Rails-4.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4918947/TutsPlus---CodeIgniter-Essentials.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5069781/TutsPlus---Connected-to-the-Backbone.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5513056/Tutsplus---Designing-Professional-Resumes.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5706815/Tutsplus-Easier-JavaScript-Apps-with-AngularJS.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6462415/TutsPlus---Easier-JavaScript-with-TypeScript.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5868293/TutsPlus---Getting-Started-With-Windows-8-Development-Using-HTML,-CSS-&amp;-JavaScript-V413HAV.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6150521/TutsPlus-HTML5-Video-Essentials-PRODEV.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4841911/TutsPlus---JavaScript-Testing-With-Jasmine.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6593486/TutsPlus---Less-is-More.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6571637/TutsPlus---Modern-Testing-in-PHP-with-Codeception.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6095651/Tutsplus---Parallax-Scrolling-for-Web-Design.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6574591/TutsPlus---Say-Yo-to-Yeoman.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4811335/Tutsplus---Test-Driven-Development-in-Ruby.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6268980/TutsPlus-Test-Driven-Development-With-CoffeeScript-and-Jasmine.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6185755/TutsPlus---The-MVC-Mindser-Jeffery-Way---ICARUS.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5024493/TutsPlus---Venture-Into-Vim.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6286416/Tutsplus---Vim-for-Advanced-Users.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6585031/Tutsplus---WordPress-Hackers-Guide-to-the-Galaxy.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4848477/TutsPlus---Writing-Modular-JavaScript.html @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 26 Feb 2018 • SOLID http://www.allitebooks.com/beginning-solid-principles-and-design-patterns-for-asp-net-developers/ @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 7 Mar 2018 Udemy: AWS Arquitecto de Soluciones Certificado Asociado https://mega.co.nz/#!ZzhGWSAL!wuthFca0SdJBjmaP5lFX0QF6PeMsrdclKFXlZL1Rsi4 Pass: gratismas.org @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 7 Mar 2018 Go lang Complete https://www.freetutorials.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/FreeTutorials.Us-Udemy-go-the-complete-developers-guide.torrent @GCPBigData GCPBigData commented on 15 Jul 2018 go books https://drive.google.com/open?id=1d6OsFAn8kpHCXtw0bcoYuyHqrAdGZva0 @freisrael freisrael commented on 14 Aug 2018 giansalex thanks for sharing. I am looking for learning phython with Joe Marini. It would be great if you post it. @FirstBoy1 FirstBoy1 commented on 25 May 2019 Can anyone provide this book "Getting started with Spring Framework: covers Spring 5" by " J Sharma (Author), Ashish Sarin ". Thanks in advance @okreka okreka commented on 31 May 2019 Can anyone provide "Windows Presentation Foundation Masterclass" course from Udemy. Thanks in advance @singhaltanvi singhaltanvi commented on 8 Aug 2019 can anyone provide 'sedimentology and petroleum geology' course from Udemy. Thanks in advance. @kumarsreenivas051 kumarsreenivas051 commented on 9 Sep 2019 Can anyone provide "Programming languages A,B and C" course from Coursera. Thanks in advance. @BrunoMoreno BrunoMoreno commented on 11 Sep 2019 The link for the torrents in piratebay, now is .org to the correct url. @sany2k8 sany2k8 commented on 24 Sep 2019 Can anyone add this The Complete Hands-On Course to Master Apache Airflow @pharaoh1 pharaoh1 commented on 30 Sep 2019 can you pls add this course to your list https://www.udemy.com/course/advanced-python3/ @SushantDhote936 SushantDhote936 commented on 1 Oct 2019 Can you add Plural Sight CISSP @allayGerald allayGerald commented on 1 Oct 2019 open directive for lynda courses: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zQan1cq1ZnqXmueRF5IqKoOtpFxl6Y4G @ezekielskottarathil ezekielskottarathil commented on 3 Oct 2019 can anyone provide 'sedimentology and petroleum geology' course from Udemy. Thanks in advance. "wrong place boy" @pulkitd2699 pulkitd2699 commented on 8 Oct 2019 Does anyone has a link for 'Cyber security: Python and web applications' course? Thanks @mohanrajrc mohanrajrc commented on 19 Oct 2019 • Can anyone provide torrent file for Mastering React By Mosh Hamedani. Thanks https://codewithmosh.com/p/mastering-react @evilprince2009 evilprince2009 commented on 27 Oct 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 @nunusandio nunusandio commented on 30 Oct 2019 Can anyone post torrent file for ASP.NET Authentication: The Big Picture https://app.pluralsight.com/library/courses/aspdotnet-authentication-big-picture/table-of-contents @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 9 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? @Genius-K-SL Genius-K-SL commented on 14 Dec 2019 hay brother! do you have html5 game development with javascript course ? @Genius-K-SL Genius-K-SL commented on 14 Dec 2019 This link is not working brother! http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4657790/Lynda.com-Building-Facebook-Applications-with-HTML-and-JavaScript.html @smithtuka smithtuka commented on 20 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? @AbdOoSaed AbdOoSaed commented on 22 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 23 Dec 2019 • Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj @jedi2610 jedi2610 commented on 27 Dec 2019 Can anyone provide me with Code with Mosh's Ultimate Java Mastery Series link? plis @InnocentZaib InnocentZaib commented on 31 Dec 2019 Please provide the link of codewithmosh The ultimate data structures and algorithms Bundle the link is given below. Please give me the torrnet file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented on 1 Jan 2020 Please provide the link of codewithmosh The ultimate data structures and algorithms Bundle the link is given below. Please give me the torrnet file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms Yea i'm looking for it too @kaneyxx kaneyxx commented on 1 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj could you please share the part-1 & part-3? @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented on 2 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? @ravisharmaa ravisharmaa commented on 7 Jan Please add this . https://www.letsbuildthatapp.com/course/AppStore-JSON-APIs @WaleedAlrashed WaleedAlrashed commented on 13 Jan This one kindly. https://www.udemy.com/course/flutter-build-a-complex-android-and-ios-apps-using-firestore/ @Sopheakmorm Sopheakmorm commented on 19 Jan Anyone have this course: https://www.udemy.com/course/mcsa-web-application-practice-test70-480-70-483-70-486 @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 19 Jan Anyone have this course: https://www.udemy.com/course/mcsa-web-application-practice-test70-480-70-483-70-486 +1 @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 20 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses @mohanrajrc mohanrajrc commented on 22 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses Yes. Java mastery and Data Structures 1, 2, 3 are available in this site. free download. @shihab122 shihab122 commented on 22 Jan Please give me the torrnet file or link to download The Ultimate Design Patterns @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 22 Jan • Please give me the torrnet file or link to download The Ultimate Design Patterns Waiting for it also :D @K-wachira K-wachira commented on 23 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses Yes. Java mastery and Data Structures 1, 2, 3 are available in this site. free download. You are a saviour .. Altho i feel bad i cant really buy the course... its really good @msdyn95 msdyn95 commented 25 days ago • Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ @K-wachira K-wachira commented 23 days ago This one kindly. https://www.udemy.com/course/flutter-build-a-complex-android-and-ios-apps-using-firestore/ Hey did you find this one? @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented 22 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? @msdyn95 msdyn95 commented 21 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? unfortunately not. @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented 20 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? unfortunately not. Found it ! https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ @ZainA14 ZainA14 commented 16 days ago • Can someone please link me to this mosh course for torrent or direct download link https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-full-stack-net-developer-bundle @khushiigupta khushiigupta commented 9 days ago Can any one please provide me link for jenkins so that I can learn as al as possible to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment © 2020 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Help Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About

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What is C#? C# is pronounced "C-Sharp". It is an object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft that runs on the .NET Framework. C# has roots from the C family, and the language is close to other popular languages like C++ and Java. The first version was released in year 2002. The latest version, C# 8, was released in September 2019. C# is a modern object-oriented programming language developed in 2000 by Anders Hejlsberg, the principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft. It is pronounced as "C-Sharp," inspired by the musical notation “♯” which stands for a note with a slightly higher pitch. As it’s considered an incremental compilation of the C++ language, the name C “sharp” seemed most appropriate. The sharp symbol, however, has been replaced by the keyboard friendly “#” as a suffix to “C” for purposes of programming. Although the code is very similar to C++, C# is newer and has grown fast with extensive support from Microsoft. The fact that it’s so similar to Java syntactically helps explain why it has emerged as one of the most popular programming languages today. C# is pronounced "C-Sharp". It is an object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft that runs on the .NET Framework. C# has roots from the C family, and the language is close to other popular languages like C++ and Java. The first version was released in year 2002. The latest version, C# 8, was released in September 2019. C# is used for: Mobile applications Desktop applications Web applications Web services Web sites Games VR Database applications And much, much more! An Introduction to C# Programming C# is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that is structured and easy to learn. It runs on Microsoft’s .Net Framework and can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms. As the syntax is simple and easy to learn, developers familiar with C, C++, or Java have found a comfort zone within C#. C# is a boon for developers who want to build a wide range of applications on the .NET Framework—Windows applications, Web applications, and Web services—in addition to building mobile apps, Windows Store apps, and enterprise software. It is thus considered a powerful programming language and features in every developer’s cache of tools. Although first released in 2002, when it was introduced with .NET Framework 1.0, the C# language has evolved a great deal since then. The most recent version is C# 8.0, available in preview as part of Visual Studio. To get access to all of the new language features, you would need to install the latest preview version of .NET Core 3.0. C# is used for: Mobile applications Desktop applications Web applications Web services Web sites Games VR Database applications And much, much more! Why Use C#? It is one of the most popular programming language in the world It is easy to learn and simple to use It has a huge community support C# is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs. As C# is close to C, C++ and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C# or vice versa. The C# Environment You need the .NET Framework and an IDE (integrated development environment) to work with the C# language. The .NET Framework The .NET Framework platform of the Windows OS is required to write web and desktop-based applications using not only C# but also Visual Basic and Jscript, as the platform provides language interoperability. Besides, the .Net Framework allows C# to communicate with any of the other common languages, such as C++, Jscript, COBOL, and so on. IDEs Microsoft provides various IDEs for C# programming: Visual Studio 2010 (VS) Visual Studio Express Visual Web Developer Visual Studio Code (VSC) The C# source code files can be written using a basic text editor, like Notepad, and compiled using the command-line compiler of the .NET Framework. Alternative open-source versions of the .Net Framework can work on other operating systems as well. For instance, the Mono has a C# compiler and runs on several operating systems, including Linux, Mac, Android, BSD, iOS, Windows, Solaris, and UNIX. This brings enhanced development tools to the developer. As C# is part of the .Net Framework platform, it has access to its enormous library of codes and components, such as Common Language Runtime (CLR), the .Net Framework Class Library, Common Language Specification, Common Type System, Metadata and Assemblies, Windows Forms, ASP.Net and ASP.Net AJAX, Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), and LINQ. C# and Java C# and Java are high-level programming languages that share several similarities (as well as many differences). They are both object-oriented languages much influenced by C++. But while C# is suitable for application development in the Microsoft ecosystem from the front, Java is considered best for client-side web applications. Also, while C# has many tools for programming, Java has a larger arsenal of tools to choose from in IDEs and Text Editors. C# is used for virtual reality projects like games, mobile, and web applications. It is built specifically for Microsoft platforms and several non-Microsoft-based operating systems, like the Mono Project that works with Linux and OS X. Java is used for creating messaging applications and developing web-based and enterprise-based applications in open-source ecosystems. Both C# and Java support arrays. However, each language uses them differently. In C#, arrays are a specialization of the system; in Java, they are a direct specialization of the object. The C# programming language executes on the CLR. The source code is interpreted into bytecode, which is further compiled by the CLR. Java runs on any platform with the assistance of JRE (Java Runtime Environment). The written source code is first compiled into bytecode and then converted into machine code to be executed on a JRE. C# and C++ Although C# and C++ are both C-based languages with similar code, there are some differences. For one, C# is considered a component-oriented programming language, while C++ is a partial object-oriented language. Also, while both languages are compiled languages, C# compiles to CLR and is interpreted by.NET, but C++ compiles to machine code. The size of binaries in C# is much larger than in C++. Other differences between the two include the following: C# gives compiler errors and warnings, but C++ doesn’t support warnings, which may cause damage to the OS. C# runs in a virtual machine for automatic memory management. C++ requires you to manage memory manually. C# can create Windows, .NET, web, desktop, and mobile applications, but not stand-alone apps. C++ can create server-side, stand-alone, and console applications as it can work directly with the hardware. C++ can be used on any platform, while C# is targeted toward Windows OS. Generally, C++ being faster than C#, the former is preferred for applications where performance is essential. Features of C# The C# programming language has many features that make it more useful and unique when compared to other languages, including: Object-oriented language Being object-oriented, C# allows the creation of modular applications and reusable codes, an advantage over C++. As an object-oriented language, C# makes development and maintenance easier when project size grows. It supports all three object-oriented features: data encapsulation, inheritance, interfaces, and polymorphism. Simplicity C# is a simple language with a structured approach to problem-solving. Unsafe operations, like direct memory manipulation, are not allowed. Speed The compilation and execution time in C# is very powerful and fast. A Modern programming language C# programming is used for building scalable and interoperable applications with support for modern features like automatic garbage collection, error handling, debugging, and robust security. It has built-in support for a web service to be invoked from any app running on any platform. Type-safe Arrays and objects are zero base indexed and bound checked. There is an automatic checking of the overflow of types. The C# type safety instances support robust programming. Interoperability Language interoperability of C# maximizes code reuse for the efficiency of the development process. C# programs can work upon almost anything as a program can call out any native API. Consistency Its unified type system enables developers to extend the type system simply and easily for consistent behavior. Updateable C# is automatically updateable. Its versioning support enables complex frameworks to be developed and evolved. Component oriented C# supports component-oriented programming through the concepts of properties, methods, events, and attributes for self-contained and self-describing components of functionality for robust and scalable applications. Structured Programming Language The structured design and modularization in C# break a problem into parts, using functions for easy implementation to solve significant problems. Rich Library C# has a standard library with many inbuilt functions for easy and fast development. Prerequisites for Learning C# Basic knowledge of C or C++ or any programming language or programming fundamentals. Additionally, the OOP concept makes for a short learning curve of C#. Advantages of C# There are many advantages to the C# language that makes it a useful programming language compared to other languages like Java, C, or C++. These include: Being an object-oriented language, C# allows you to create modular, maintainable applications and reusable codes Familiar syntax Easy to develop as it has a rich class of libraries for smooth implementation of functions Enhanced integration as an application written in .NET will integrate and interpret better when compared to other NET technologies As C# runs on CLR, it makes it easy to integrate with components written in other languages It’s safe, with no data loss as there is no type-conversion so that you can write secure codes The automatic garbage collection keeps the system clean and doesn’t hang it during execution As your machine has to install the .NET Framework to run C#, it supports cross-platform Strong memory backup prevents memory leakage Programming support of the Microsoft ecosystem makes development easy and seamless Low maintenance cost, as C# can develop iOS, Android, and Windows Phone native apps The syntax is similar to C, C++, and Java, which makes it easier to learn and work with C# Useful as it can develop iOS, Android, and Windows Phone native apps with the Xamarin Framework C# is the most powerful programming language for the .NET Framework Fast development as C# is open source steered by Microsoft with access to open source projects and tools on Github, and many active communities contributing to the improvement What Can C Sharp Do for You? C# can be used to develop a wide range of: Windows client applications Windows libraries and components Windows services Web applications Native iOS and Android mobile apps Azure cloud applications and services Gaming consoles and gaming systems Video and virtual reality games Interoperability software like SharePoint Enterprise software Backend services and database programs AI and ML applications Distributed applications Hardware-level programming Virus and malware software GUI-based applications IoT devices Blockchain and distributed ledger technology C# Programming for Beginners: Introduction, Features and Applications By Simplilearn Last updated on Jan 20, 2020674 C# Programming for Beginners As a programmer, you’re motivated to master the most popular languages that will give you an edge in your career. There’s a vast number of programming languages that you can learn, but how do you know which is the most useful? If you know C and C++, do you need to learn C# as well? How similar is C# to Java? Does it become more comfortable for you to learn C# if you already know Java? Every developer and wannabe programmer asks these types of questions. So let us explore C# programming: how it evolved as an extension of C and why you need to learn it as a part of the Master’s Program in integrated DevOps for server-side execution. Are you a web developer or someone interested to build a website? Enroll for the Javascript Certification Training. Check out the course preview now! What is C#? C# is a modern object-oriented programming language developed in 2000 by Anders Hejlsberg, the principal designer and lead architect at Microsoft. It is pronounced as "C-Sharp," inspired by the musical notation “♯” which stands for a note with a slightly higher pitch. As it’s considered an incremental compilation of the C++ language, the name C “sharp” seemed most appropriate. The sharp symbol, however, has been replaced by the keyboard friendly “#” as a suffix to “C” for purposes of programming. Although the code is very similar to C++, C# is newer and has grown fast with extensive support from Microsoft. The fact that it’s so similar to Java syntactically helps explain why it has emerged as one of the most popular programming languages today. An Introduction to C# Programming C# is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that is structured and easy to learn. It runs on Microsoft’s .Net Framework and can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms. As the syntax is simple and easy to learn, developers familiar with C, C++, or Java have found a comfort zone within C#. C# is a boon for developers who want to build a wide range of applications on the .NET Framework—Windows applications, Web applications, and Web services—in addition to building mobile apps, Windows Store apps, and enterprise software. It is thus considered a powerful programming language and features in every developer’s cache of tools. Although first released in 2002, when it was introduced with .NET Framework 1.0, the C# language has evolved a great deal since then. The most recent version is C# 8.0, available in preview as part of Visual Studio. To get access to all of the new language features, you would need to install the latest preview version of .NET Core 3.0. The C# Environment You need the .NET Framework and an IDE (integrated development environment) to work with the C# language. The .NET Framework The .NET Framework platform of the Windows OS is required to write web and desktop-based applications using not only C# but also Visual Basic and Jscript, as the platform provides language interoperability. Besides, the .Net Framework allows C# to communicate with any of the other common languages, such as C++, Jscript, COBOL, and so on. IDEs Microsoft provides various IDEs for C# programming: Visual Studio 2010 (VS) Visual Studio Express Visual Web Developer Visual Studio Code (VSC) The C# source code files can be written using a basic text editor, like Notepad, and compiled using the command-line compiler of the .NET Framework. Alternative open-source versions of the .Net Framework can work on other operating systems as well. For instance, the Mono has a C# compiler and runs on several operating systems, including Linux, Mac, Android, BSD, iOS, Windows, Solaris, and UNIX. This brings enhanced development tools to the developer. As C# is part of the .Net Framework platform, it has access to its enormous library of codes and components, such as Common Language Runtime (CLR), the .Net Framework Class Library, Common Language Specification, Common Type System, Metadata and Assemblies, Windows Forms, ASP.Net and ASP.Net AJAX, Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), and LINQ. C# and Java C# and Java are high-level programming languages that share several similarities (as well as many differences). They are both object-oriented languages much influenced by C++. But while C# is suitable for application development in the Microsoft ecosystem from the front, Java is considered best for client-side web applications. Also, while C# has many tools for programming, Java has a larger arsenal of tools to choose from in IDEs and Text Editors. C# is used for virtual reality projects like games, mobile, and web applications. It is built specifically for Microsoft platforms and several non-Microsoft-based operating systems, like the Mono Project that works with Linux and OS X. Java is used for creating messaging applications and developing web-based and enterprise-based applications in open-source ecosystems. Both C# and Java support arrays. However, each language uses them differently. In C#, arrays are a specialization of the system; in Java, they are a direct specialization of the object. The C# programming language executes on the CLR. The source code is interpreted into bytecode, which is further compiled by the CLR. Java runs on any platform with the assistance of JRE (Java Runtime Environment). The written source code is first compiled into bytecode and then converted into machine code to be executed on a JRE. C# and C++ Although C# and C++ are both C-based languages with similar code, there are some differences. For one, C# is considered a component-oriented programming language, while C++ is a partial object-oriented language. Also, while both languages are compiled languages, C# compiles to CLR and is interpreted by.NET, but C++ compiles to machine code. The size of binaries in C# is much larger than in C++. Other differences between the two include the following: C# gives compiler errors and warnings, but C++ doesn’t support warnings, which may cause damage to the OS. C# runs in a virtual machine for automatic memory management. C++ requires you to manage memory manually. C# can create Windows, .NET, web, desktop, and mobile applications, but not stand-alone apps. C++ can create server-side, stand-alone, and console applications as it can work directly with the hardware. C++ can be used on any platform, while C# is targeted toward Windows OS. Generally, C++ being faster than C#, the former is preferred for applications where performance is essential. Features of C# The C# programming language has many features that make it more useful and unique when compared to other languages, including: Object-oriented language Being object-oriented, C# allows the creation of modular applications and reusable codes, an advantage over C++. As an object-oriented language, C# makes development and maintenance easier when project size grows. It supports all three object-oriented features: data encapsulation, inheritance, interfaces, and polymorphism. Simplicity C# is a simple language with a structured approach to problem-solving. Unsafe operations, like direct memory manipulation, are not allowed. Speed The compilation and execution time in C# is very powerful and fast. A Modern programming language C# programming is used for building scalable and interoperable applications with support for modern features like automatic garbage collection, error handling, debugging, and robust security. It has built-in support for a web service to be invoked from any app running on any platform. Type-safe Arrays and objects are zero base indexed and bound checked. There is an automatic checking of the overflow of types. The C# type safety instances support robust programming. Interoperability Language interoperability of C# maximizes code reuse for the efficiency of the development process. C# programs can work upon almost anything as a program can call out any native API. Consistency Its unified type system enables developers to extend the type system simply and easily for consistent behavior. Updateable C# is automatically updateable. Its versioning support enables complex frameworks to be developed and evolved. Component oriented C# supports component-oriented programming through the concepts of properties, methods, events, and attributes for self-contained and self-describing components of functionality for robust and scalable applications. Structured Programming Language The structured design and modularization in C# break a problem into parts, using functions for easy implementation to solve significant problems. Rich Library C# has a standard library with many inbuilt functions for easy and fast development. Full Stack Java Developer Course The Gateway to Master Web DevelopmentEXPLORE COURSEFull Stack Java Developer Course Prerequisites for Learning C# Basic knowledge of C or C++ or any programming language or programming fundamentals. Additionally, the OOP concept makes for a short learning curve of C#. Advantages of C# There are many advantages to the C# language that makes it a useful programming language compared to other languages like Java, C, or C++. These include: Being an object-oriented language, C# allows you to create modular, maintainable applications and reusable codes Familiar syntax Easy to develop as it has a rich class of libraries for smooth implementation of functions Enhanced integration as an application written in .NET will integrate and interpret better when compared to other NET technologies As C# runs on CLR, it makes it easy to integrate with components written in other languages It’s safe, with no data loss as there is no type-conversion so that you can write secure codes The automatic garbage collection keeps the system clean and doesn’t hang it during execution As your machine has to install the .NET Framework to run C#, it supports cross-platform Strong memory backup prevents memory leakage Programming support of the Microsoft ecosystem makes development easy and seamless Low maintenance cost, as C# can develop iOS, Android, and Windows Phone native apps The syntax is similar to C, C++, and Java, which makes it easier to learn and work with C# Useful as it can develop iOS, Android, and Windows Phone native apps with the Xamarin Framework C# is the most powerful programming language for the .NET Framework Fast development as C# is open source steered by Microsoft with access to open source projects and tools on Github, and many active communities contributing to the improvement What Can C Sharp Do for You? C# can be used to develop a wide range of: Windows client applications Windows libraries and components Windows services Web applications Native iOS and Android mobile apps Azure cloud applications and services Gaming consoles and gaming systems Video and virtual reality games Interoperability software like SharePoint Enterprise software Backend services and database programs AI and ML applications Distributed applications Hardware-level programming Virus and malware software GUI-based applications IoT devices Blockchain and distributed ledger technology Who Should Learn the C# Programming Language and Why? C# is one of the most popular programming languages as it can be used for a variety of applications: mobile apps, game development, and enterprise software. What’s more, the C# 8.0 version is packed with several new features and enhancements to the C# language that can change the way developers write their C# code. The most important new features available are ‘null reference types,’ enhanced ‘pattern matching,’ and ‘async streams’ that help you to write more reliable and readable code. As you’re exposed to the fundamental programming concepts of C# in this course, you can work on projects that open the doors for you as a Full Stack Java Developer. So, upskill and master the C# language for a faster career trajectory and salary scope.

SEIS 665 Assignment 2: Linux & Git Overview This week we will focus on becoming familiar with launching a Linux server and working with some basic Linux and Git commands. We will use AWS to launch and host the Linux server. AWS might seem a little confusing at this point. Don’t worry, we will gain much more hands-on experience with AWS throughout the course. The goal is to get you comfortable working with the technology and not overwhelm you with all the details. Requirements You need to have a personal AWS account and GitHub account for this assignment. You should also read the Git Hands-on Guide and Linux Hands-on Guide before beginning this exercise. A word about grading One of the key DevOps practices we learn about in this class is the use of automation to increase the speed and repeatability of processes. Automation is utilized during the assignment grading process to review and assess your work. It’s important that you follow the instructions in each assignment and type in required files and resources with the proper names. All names are case sensitive, so a name like "Web1" is not the same as "web1". If you misspell a name, use the wrong case, or put a file in the wrong directory location you will lose points on your assignment. This is the easiest way to lose points, and also the most preventable. You should always double-check your work to make sure it accurately reflects the requirements specified in the assignment. You should always carefully review the content of your files before submitting your assignment. The assignment Let’s get started! Create GitHub repository The first step in the assignment is to setup a Git repository on GitHub. We will use a special solution called GitHub Classroom for this course which automates the process of setting up student assignment repositories. Here are the basic steps: Click on the following link to open Assignment 2 on the GitHub Classroom site: https://classroom.github.com/a/K4zcVmX- (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Click on the Accept this assignment button. GitHub Classroom will provide you with a URL (https) to access the assignment repository. Either copy this address to your clipboard or write it down somewhere. You will need to use this address to set up the repository on a Linux server. Example: https://github.com/UST-SEIS665/hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<your github id>.git At this point your new repository to ready to use. The repository is currently empty. We will put some content in there soon! Launch Linux server The second step in the assignment is to launch a Linux server using AWS EC2. The server should have the following characteristics: Amazon Linux 2 AMI 64-bit (usually the first option listed) Located in a U.S. region (us-east-1) t2.micro instance type All default instance settings (storage, vpm, security group, etc.) I’ve shown you how to launch EC2 instances in class. You can review it on Canvas. Once you launch the new server, it may take a few minutes to provision. Log into server The next step is to log into the Linux server using a terminal program with a secure shell (SSH) support. You can use iTerm2 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. on a Mac and GitBash/PuTTY (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. on a PC. You will need to have the private server key and the public IP address before attempting to log into the server. The server key is basically your password. If you lose it, you will need to terminate the existing instance and launch a new server. I recommend reusing the same key when launching new servers throughout the class. Note, I make this recommendation to make the learning process easier and not because it is a common security practice. I’ve shown you how to use a terminal application to log into the instance using a Windows desktop. Your personal computer or lab computer may be running a different OS version, but the process is still very similar. You can review the videos on the Canvas. Working with Linux If you’ve made it this far, congratulations! You’ve made it over the toughest hurdle. By the end of this course, I promise you will be able to launch and log into servers in your sleep. You should be looking at a login screen that looks something like this: Last login: Mon Mar 21 21:17:54 2016 from 174-20-199-194.mpls.qwest.net __| __|_ ) _| ( / Amazon Linux AMI ___|\___|___| https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/2015.09-release-notes/ 8 package(s) needed for security, out of 17 available Run "sudo yum update" to apply all updates. ec2-user@ip-172-31-15-26 ~]$ Your terminal cursor is sitting at the shell prompt, waiting for you to type in your first command. Remember the shell? It is a really cool program that lets you start other programs and manage services on the Linux system. The rest of this assignment will be spent working with the shell. Note, when you are asked to type in a command in the steps below, don’t type in the dollar-sign ($) character. This is just meant to represent the command prompt. The actual commands are represented by the characters to the right of the command prompt. Let’s start by asking the shell for some help. Type in: $ help The shell provides you with a list of commands you can run along with possible command options. Next, check out one of the pages in the built-in manual: $ man ls A man page will appear with information on how to use the ls command. This command is used to list the contents of file directories. Either space through the contents of the man page or hit q to exit. Most of the core Linux commands have man pages available. But honestly, some of these man pages are a bit hard to understand. Sometimes your best bet is to search on Google if you are trying to figure out how to use a specific command. When you initially log into Linux, the system places you in your home directory. Each user on the system has a separate home directory. Let’s see where your home directory is located: $ pwd The response should be /home/ec2-user. The pwd command is handy to remember if you ever forget what file directory you are currently located in. If you recall from the Linux Hands-on Guide, this directory is also your current working directory. Type in: $ cd / The cd command let’s you change to a new working directory on the server. In this case, we changed to the root (/) directory. This is the parent of all the other directories on the file system. Type in: $ ls The ls command lists the contents of the current directory. As you can see, root directory contains many other directories. You will become familiar with these directories over time. The ls command provides a very basic directory listing. You need to supply the command with some options if you want to see more detailed information. Type in: $ ls -la See how this command provides you with much more detailed information about the files and directories? You can use this detailed listing to see the owner, group, and access control list settings for each file or directory. Do you see any files listed? Remember, the first character in the access control list column denotes whether a listed item is a file or a directory. You probably see a couple files with names like .autofsck. How come you didn’t see this file when you typed in the lscommand without any options? (Try to run this command again to convince yourself.) Files names that start with a period are called hidden files. These files won’t appear on normal directory listings. Type in: $ cd /var Then, type in: $ ls You will see a directory listing for the /var directory. Next, type in: $ ls .. Huh. This directory listing looks the same as the earlier root directory listing. When you use two periods (..) in a directory path that means you are referring to the parent directory of the current directory. Just think of the two dots as meaning the directory above the current directory. Now, type in: $ cd ~ $ pwd Whoa. We’re back at our home directory again. The tilde character (~) is another one of those handy little directory path shortcuts. It always refers to our personal home directory. Keep in mind that since every user has their own home directory, the tilde shortcut will refer to a unique directory for each logged-in user. Most students are used to navigating a file system by clicking a mouse in nested graphical folders. When they start using a command-line to navigate a file system, they sometimes get confused and lose track of their current position in the file system. Remember, you can always use the pwd command to quickly figure out what directory you are currently working in. Let’s make some changes to the file system. We can easily make our own directories on the file system. Type: mkdir test Now type: ls Cool, there’s our new test directory. Let’s pretend we don’t like that directory name and delete it. Type: rmdir test Now it’s gone. How can you be sure? You should know how to check to see if the directory still exists at this point. Go ahead and check. Let’s create another directory. Type in: $ mkdir documents Next, change to the new directory: $ cd documents Did you notice that your command prompt displays the name of the current directory? Something like: [ec2-user@ip-172-31-15-26 documents]$. Pretty handy, huh? Okay, let’s create our first file in the documents directory. This is just an empty file for training purposes. Type in: $ touch paper.txt Check to see that the new file is in the directory. Now, go back to the previous directory. Remember the double dot shortcut? $ cd .. Okay, we don’t like our documents directory any more. Let’s blow it away. Type in: $ rmdir documents Uh oh. The shell didn’t like that command because the directory isn’t empty. Let’s change back into the documents directory. But this time don’t type in the full name of the directory. You can let shell auto-completion do the typing for you. Type in the first couple characters of the directory name and then hit the tab key: $ cd doc<tab> You should use the tab auto-completion feature often. It saves typing and makes working with the Linux file system much much easier. Tab is your friend. Now, remove the file by typing: $ rm paper.txt Did you try to use the tab key instead of typing in the whole file name? Check to make sure the file was deleted from the directory. Next, create a new file: $ touch file1 We like file1 so much that we want to make a backup copy. Type: $ cp file1 file1-backup Check to make sure the new backup copy was created. We don’t really like the name of that new file, so let’s rename it. Type: $ mv file1-backup backup Moving a file to the same directory and giving it a new name is basically the same thing as renaming it. We could have moved it to a different directory if we wanted. Let’s list all of the files in the current directory that start with the letter f: $ ls f* Using wildcard pattern matching in file commands is really useful if you want the command to impact or filter a group of files. Now, go up one directory to the parent directory (remember the double dot shortcut?) We tried to remove the documents directory earlier when it had files in it. Obviously that won’t work again. However, we can use a more powerful command to destroy the directory and vanquish its contents. Behold, the all powerful remove command: $ rm -fr documents Did you remember to use auto-completion when typing in documents? This command and set of options forcibly removes the directory and its contents. It’s a dangerous command wielded by the mightiest Linux wizards. Okay, maybe that’s a bit of an exaggeration. Just be careful with it. Check to make sure the documents directory is gone before proceeding. Let’s continue. Change to the directory /var and make a directory called test. Ugh. Permission denied. We created this darn Linux server and we paid for it. Shouldn’t we be able to do anything we want on it? You logged into the system as a user called ec2-user. While this user can create and manage files in its home directory, it cannot change files all across the system. At least it can’t as a normal user. The ec2-user is a member of the root group, so it can escalate its privileges to super-user status when necessary. Let’s try it: $ sudo mkdir test Check to make sure the directory exists now. Using sudo we can execute commands as a super-user. We can do anything we want now that we know this powerful new command. Go ahead and delete the test directory. Did you remember to use sudo before the rmdir command? Check to make sure the directory is gone. You might be asking yourself the question: why can we list the contents of the /var directory but not make changes? That’s because all users have read access to the /var directory and the ls command is a read function. Only the root users or those acting as a super-user can write changes to the directory. Let’s go back to our home directory: $ cd ~ Editing text files is a really common task on Linux systems because many of the application configuration files are text files. We can create a text file by using a text editor. Type in: $ nano myfile.conf The shell starts up the nano text editor and places your terminal cursor in the editing screen. Nano is a simple text-based word processor. Type in a few lines of text. When you’re done writing your novel, hit ctrl-x and answer y to the prompt to save your work. Finally, hit enter to save the text to the filename you specified. Check to see that your file was saved in the directory. You can take a look at the contents of your file by typing: $ cat myfile.conf The cat command displays your text file content on the terminal screen. This command works fine for displaying small text files. But if your file is hundreds of lines long, the content will scroll down your terminal screen so fast that you won’t be able to easily read it. There’s a better way to view larger text files. Type in: $ less myfile.conf The less command will page the display of a text file, allowing you to page through the contents of the file using the space bar. Your text file is probably too short to see the paging in action though. Hit q to quit out of the less text viewer. Hit the up-arrow key on your keyboard a few times until the commmand nano myfile.conf appears next to your command prompt. Cool, huh? The up-arrow key allows you to replay a previously run command. Linux maintains a list of all the commands you have run since you logged into the server. This is called the command history. It’s a really useful feature if you have to re-run a complex command again. Now, hit ctrl-c. This cancels whatever command is displayed on the command line. Type in the following command to create a couple empty files in the directory: $ touch file1 file2 file3 Confirm that the files were created. Some commands, like touch. allow you to specify multiple files as arguments. You will find that Linux commands have all kinds of ways to make tasks more efficient like this. Throughout this assignment, we have been running commands and viewing results on the terminal screen. The screen is the standard place for commands to output results. It’s known as the standard out (stdout). However, it’s really useful to output results to the file system sometimes. Type in: $ ls > listing.txt Take a look at the directory listing now. You just created a new file. View the contents of the listing.txt file. What do you see? Instead of sending the output from the ls command to the screen we sent it to a text file. Let’s try another one. Type: $ cat myfile.conf > listing.txt Take a look at the contents of the listing.txt file again. It looks like your myfile.conf file now. It’s like you made a copy of it. But what happened to the previous content in the listing.txt file? When you redirect the output of a command using the right angle-bracket character (>), the output overwrites the existing file. Type this command in: $ cat myfile.conf >> listing.txt Now look at the contents of the listing.txt file. You should see your original content displayed twice. When you use two angle-bracket characters in the commmand the output appends (or adds to) the file instead of overwriting it. We redirected the output from a command to a text file. It’s also possible to redirect the input to a command. Typically we use a keyboard to provide input, but sometimes it makes more sense to input a file to a command. For example, how many words are in your new listing.txt file? Let’s find out. Type in: $ wc -w < listing.txt Did you get a number? This command inputs the listing.txt file into a word count program called wc. Type in the command: $ ls /usr/bin The terminal screen probably scrolled quickly as filenames flashed by. The /usr/bin directory holds quite a few files. It would be nice if we could page through the contents of this directory. Well, we can. We can use a special shell feature called pipes. In previous steps, we redirected I/O using the file system. Pipes allow us to redirect I/O between programs. We can redirect the output from one program into another. Type in: $ ls /usr/bin | less Now the directory listing is paged. Hit the spacebar to page through the listing. The pipe, represented by a vertical bar character (|), takes the output from the ls command and redirects it to the less command where the resulting output is paged. Pipes are super powerful and used all the time by savvy Linux operators. Hit the q key to quit the paginated directory listing command. Working with shell scripts Now things are going to get interesting. We’ve been manually typing in commands throughout this exercise. If we were running a set of repetitive tasks, we would want to automate the process as much as possible. The shell makes it really easy to automate tasks using shell scripts. The shell provides many of the same features as a basic procedural programming language. Let’s write some code. Type in this command: $ j=123 $ echo $j We just created a variable named j referencing the string 123. The echo command printed out the value of the variable. We had to use a dollar sign ($) when referencing the variable in another command. Next, type in: $ j=1+1 $ echo $j Is that what you expected? The shell just interprets the variable value as a string. It’s not going to do any sort of computation. Typing in shell script commands on the command line is sort of pointless. We want to be able to create scripts that we can run over-and-over. Let’s create our first shell script. Use the nano editor to create a file named myscript. When the file is open in the editor, type in the following lines of code: #!/bin/bash echo Hello $1 Now quit the editor and save your file. We can run our script by typing: $ ./myscript World Er, what happened? Permission denied. Didn’t we create this file? Why can’t we run it? We can’t run the script file because we haven’t set the execute permission on the file. Type in: $ chmod u+x myscript This modifies the file access control list to allow the owner of the file to execute it. Let’s try to run the command again. Hit the up-arrow key a couple times until the ./myscript World command is displayed and hit enter. Hooray! Our first shell script. It’s probably a bit underwhelming. No problem, we’ll make it a little more complex. The script took a single argument called World. Any arguments provided to a shell script are represented as consecutively numbered variables inside the script ($1, $2, etc). Pretty simple. You might be wondering why we had to type the ./ characters before the name of our script file. Try to type in the command without them: $ myscript World Command not found. That seems a little weird. Aren’t we currently in the directory where the shell script is located? Well, that’s just not how the shell works. When you enter a command into the shell, it looks for the command in a predefined set of directories on the server called your PATH. Since your script file isn’t in your special path, the shell reports it as not found. By typing in the ./ characters before the command name you are basically forcing the shell to look for your script in the current directory instead of the default path. Create another file called cleanup using nano. In the file editor window type: #!/bin/bash # My cleanup script mkdir archive mv file* archive Exit the editor window and save the file. Change the permissions on the script file so that you can execute it. Now run the command: $ ./cleanup Take a look at the file directory listing. Notice the archive directory? List the contents of that directory. The script automatically created a new directory and moved three files into it. Anything you can do manually at a command prompt can be automated using a shell script. Let’s create one more shell script. Use nano to create a script called namelist. Here is the content of the script: #!/bin/bash # for-loop test script names='Jason John Jane' for i in $names do echo Hello $i done Change the permissions on the script file so that you can execute it. Run the command: $ ./namelist The script will loop through a set of names stored in a variable displaying each one. Scripts support several programming constructs like for-loops, do-while loops, and if-then-else. These building blocks allow you to create fairly complex scripts for automating tasks. Installing packages and services We’re nearing the end of this assignment. But before we finish, let’s install some new software packages on our server. The first thing we should do is make sure all the current packages installed on our Linux server are up-to-date. Type in: $ sudo yum update -y This is one of those really powerful commands that requires sudo access. The system will review the currently installed packages and go out to the Internet and download appropriate updates. Next, let’s install an Apache web server on our system. Type in: $ sudo yum install httpd -y Bam! You probably never knew that installing a web server was so easy. We’re not going to actually use the web server in this exercise, but we will in future assignments. We installed the web server, but is it actually running? Let’s check. Type in: $ sudo service httpd status Nope. Let’s start it. Type: $ sudo service httpd start We can use the service command to control the services running on the system. Let’s setup the service so that it automatically starts when the system boots up. Type in: $ sudo chkconfig httpd on Cool. We installed the Apache web server on our system, but what other programs are currently running? We can use the pscommand to find out. Type in: $ ps -ax Lots of processes are running on our system. We can even look at the overall performance of our system using the topcommand. Let’s try that now. Type in: $ top The display might seem a little overwhelming at first. You should see lots of performance information displayed including the cpu usage, free memory, and a list of running tasks. We’re almost across the finish line. Let’s make sure all of our valuable work is stored in a git repository. First, we need to install git. Type in the command: $ sudo yum install git -y Check your work It’s very important to check your work before submitting it for grading. A misspelled, misplaced or missing file will cost you points. This may seem harsh, but the reality is that these sorts of mistakes have consequences in the real world. For example, a server instance could fail to launch properly and impact customers because a single required file is missing. Here is what the contents of your git repository should look like before final submission: ┣archive ┃ ┣ file1 ┃ ┣ file2 ┃ ┗ file3 ┣ namelist ┗ myfile.conf Saving our work in the git repository Next, make sure you are still in your home directory (/home/ec2-user). We will install the git repository you created at the beginning of this exercise. You will need to modify this command by typing in the GitHub repository URL you copied earlier. $ git clone <your GitHub URL here>.git Example: git clone https://github.com/UST-SEIS665/hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<your github id>.git The git application will ask you for your GitHub username and password. Note, if you have multi-factor authentication enabled on your GitHub account you will need to provide a personal token instead of your password. Git will clone (copy) the repository from GitHub to your Linux server. Since the repository is empty the clone happens almost instantly. Check to make sure that a sub-directory called "hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username>" exists in the current directory (where <username> is your GitHub account name). Git automatically created this directory as part of the cloning process. Change to the hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username> directory and type: $ ls -la Notice the .git hidden directory? This is where git actually stores all of the file changes in your repository. Nothing is actually in your repository yet. Change back to the parent directory (cd ..). Next, let’s move some of our files into the repository. Type: $ mv archive hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username> $ mv namelist hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username> $ mv myfile.conf hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username> Hopefully, you remembered to use the auto-complete function to reduce some of that typing. Change to the hw2-seis665-02-spring2019-<username> directory and list the directory contents. Your files are in the working directory, but are not actually stored in the repository because they haven’t been committed yet. Type in: $ git status You should see a list of untracked files. Let’s tell git that we want these files tracked. Type in: $ git add * Now type in the git status command again. Notice how all the files are now being tracked and are ready to be committed. These files are in the git staging area. We’ll commit them to the repository next. Type: $ git commit -m 'assignment 2 files' Next, take a look at the commit log. Type: $ git log You should see your commit listed along with an assigned hash (long string of random-looking characters). Finally, let’s save the repository to our GitHub account. Type in: $ git push origin master The git client will ask you for your GitHub username and password before pushing the repository. Go back to the GitHub.com website and login if you have been logged out. Click on the repository link for the assignment. Do you see your files listed there? Congratulations, you completed the exercise! Terminate server The last step is to terminate your Linux instance. AWS will bill you for every hour the instance is running. The cost is nominal, but there’s no need to rack up unnecessary charges. Here are the steps to terminate your instance: Log into your AWS account and click on the EC2 dashboard. Click the Instances menu item. Select your server in the instances table. Click on the Actions drop down menu above the instances table. Select the Instance State menu option Click on the Terminate action. Your Linux instance will shutdown and disappear in a few minutes. The EC2 dashboard will continue to display the instance on your instance listing for another day or so. However, the state of the instance will be terminated. Submitting your assignment — IMPORTANT! If you haven’t already, please e-mail me your GitHub username in order to receive credit for this assignment. There is no need to email me to tell me that you have committed your work to GitHub or to ask me if your GitHub submission worked. If you can see your work in your GitHub repository, I can see your work.

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href="tag_figcaption.asp">&lt;figcaption&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_figure.asp">&lt;figure&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_font.asp">&lt;font&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_footer.asp">&lt;footer&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_form.asp">&lt;form&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_frame.asp">&lt;frame&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_frameset.asp">&lt;frameset&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_hn.asp">&lt;h1&gt; - &lt;h6&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_head.asp">&lt;head&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_header.asp">&lt;header&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_hr.asp">&lt;hr&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_html.asp">&lt;html&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_i.asp">&lt;i&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_iframe.asp">&lt;iframe&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_img.asp">&lt;img&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_input.asp">&lt;input&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_ins.asp">&lt;ins&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_kbd.asp">&lt;kbd&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_label.asp">&lt;label&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_legend.asp">&lt;legend&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_li.asp">&lt;li&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_link.asp">&lt;link&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_main.asp">&lt;main&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_map.asp">&lt;map&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_mark.asp">&lt;mark&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_meta.asp">&lt;meta&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_meter.asp">&lt;meter&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_nav.asp">&lt;nav&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_noframes.asp">&lt;noframes&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_noscript.asp">&lt;noscript&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_object.asp">&lt;object&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_ol.asp">&lt;ol&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_optgroup.asp">&lt;optgroup&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_option.asp">&lt;option&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_output.asp">&lt;output&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_p.asp" class="active">&lt;p&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_param.asp">&lt;param&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_picture.asp">&lt;picture&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_pre.asp">&lt;pre&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_progress.asp">&lt;progress&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_q.asp">&lt;q&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_rp.asp">&lt;rp&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_rt.asp">&lt;rt&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_ruby.asp">&lt;ruby&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_s.asp">&lt;s&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_samp.asp">&lt;samp&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_script.asp">&lt;script&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_section.asp">&lt;section&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_select.asp">&lt;select&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_small.asp">&lt;small&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_source.asp">&lt;source&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_span.asp">&lt;span&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_strike.asp">&lt;strike&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_strong.asp">&lt;strong&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_style.asp">&lt;style&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_sub.asp">&lt;sub&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_summary.asp">&lt;summary&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_sup.asp">&lt;sup&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_svg.asp">&lt;svg&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_table.asp">&lt;table&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_tbody.asp">&lt;tbody&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_td.asp">&lt;td&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_template.asp">&lt;template&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_textarea.asp">&lt;textarea&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_tfoot.asp">&lt;tfoot&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_th.asp">&lt;th&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_thead.asp">&lt;thead&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_time.asp">&lt;time&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_title.asp">&lt;title&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_tr.asp">&lt;tr&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_track.asp">&lt;track&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_tt.asp">&lt;tt&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_u.asp">&lt;u&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_ul.asp">&lt;ul&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_var.asp">&lt;var&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_video.asp">&lt;video&gt;</a> <a target="_top" href="tag_wbr.asp">&lt;wbr&gt;</a> </div> <br><br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="w3-main w3-light-grey" id="belowtopnav" style="margin-left: 220px; padding-top: 44px;"> <div class="w3-row w3-white"> <div class="w3-col l10 m12" id="main"> <div id="mainLeaderboard" style="overflow:hidden;"> <!-- MainLeaderboard--> <!--<pre>main_leaderboard, all: [728,90][970,90][320,50][468,60]</pre>--> <div id="adngin-main_leaderboard-0" data-google-query-id="CJPA_sueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//main_leaderboard_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none;"><iframe id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//main_leaderboard_1" 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</div> <br> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>A paragraph is marked up as follows:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span>This is some text in a paragraph.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_paragraphs1" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <p>More "Try it Yourself" examples below.</p> <hr> <h2>Definition and Usage</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan">&lt;p&gt;</code> tag defines a paragraph.</p> <p>Browsers automatically add a single blank line before and after each <code class="w3-codespan">&lt;p&gt;</code> element.</p> <p><strong>Tip:</strong> Use CSS to <a href="/html/html_css.asp">style paragraphs</a>.</p> <hr> <h2>Browser Support</h2> <table class="browserref notranslate"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;font-size:16px;text-align:left;">Element</th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsChrome" title="Chrome"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsEdge" title="Internet Explorer / Edge"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsFirefox" title="Firefox"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsSafari" title="Safari"></th> <th style="width:16%;" class="bsOpera" title="Opera"></th> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:left;">&lt;p&gt;</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <hr> <h2>Global Attributes</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan">&lt;p&gt;</code> tag also supports the <a href="ref_standardattributes.asp">Global Attributes in HTML</a>.</p> <hr> <h2>Event Attributes</h2> <p>The <code class="w3-codespan">&lt;p&gt;</code> tag also supports the <a href="ref_eventattributes.asp">Event Attributes in HTML</a>.</p> <hr> <div id="midcontentadcontainer" style="overflow:auto;text-align:center"> <!-- MidContent --> <!-- <p class="adtext">Advertisement</p> --> <div id="adngin-mid_content-0" data-google-query-id="CKfs_8ueqvcCFXiOSwUd2fYBLg"><div id="sn_ad_label_adngin-mid_content-0" class="sn_ad_label" style="color:#000000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:center;">ADVERTISEMENT</div><div id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//mid_content_1__container__" style="border: 0pt none; display: inline-block; width: 300px; height: 250px;"><iframe frameborder="0" src="https://56d0da6c34aaa471db22bb4266aac656.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html" id="google_ads_iframe_/22152718,16833175/sws-hb//w3schools.com//mid_content_1" title="3rd party ad content" name="" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="300" height="250" data-is-safeframe="true" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" tabindex="0" data-google-container-id="8" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></div> </div> <hr> <h2>More Examples</h2> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Align text in a paragraph (with CSS):</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>p<span class="attributecolor" style="color:red"> style<span class="attributevaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue">="text-align:right"</span></span><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span>This is some text in a paragraph.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_p_align_css" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Style paragraphs with CSS:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>html<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>head<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>style<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><span class="cssselectorcolor" style="color:brown"><br>p <span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">{</span><span class="csspropertycolor" style="color:red"><br>&nbsp; color<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> navy<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp; text-indent<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 30px<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp; text-transform<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> uppercase<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br></span><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">}</span><br></span><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/style<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/head<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>body<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.<span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/body<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/html<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_p_style_css" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>&nbsp;More on paragraphs:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br>This paragraph<br>contains a lot of lines<br>in the source code,<br> but the browser <br>ignores it.<br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_paragraphs2" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <p>Poem problems in HTML:</p> <div class="w3-code notranslate htmlHigh"> <span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span><br>My Bonnie lies over the ocean.<br>My Bonnie lies over the sea.<br>My Bonnie lies over the ocean.<br>Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.<br><span class="tagnamecolor" style="color:brown"><span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&lt;</span>/p<span class="tagcolor" style="color:mediumblue">&gt;</span></span> </div> <a target="_blank" href="tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_poem" class="w3-btn w3-margin-bottom">Try it Yourself »</a> </div> <hr> <h2>Related Pages</h2> <p>HTML tutorial: <a href="/html/html_paragraphs.asp">HTML Paragraphs</a></p> <p>HTML DOM reference: <a href="/jsref/dom_obj_paragraph.asp">Paragraph Object</a></p> <hr> <h2>Default CSS Settings</h2> <p>Most browsers will display the <code class="w3-codespan">&lt;p&gt;</code> element with the following default values:</p> <div class="w3-example"> <h3>Example</h3> <div class="w3-code notranslate cssHigh"><span class="cssselectorcolor" style="color:brown"> p <span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">{</span><span class="csspropertycolor" style="color:red"><br>&nbsp; display<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> block<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp; margin-top<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 1em<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp; margin-bottom<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 1em<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp; margin-left<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 0<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;margin-right<span class="csspropertyvaluecolor" style="color:mediumblue"><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">:</span> 0<span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">;</span></span><br></span><span class="cssdelimitercolor" style="color:black">}</span> 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Skip to content Why GitHub? Team Enterprise Explore Marketplace Pricing Search Sign in Sign up safemoonprotocol / Safemoon.sol 476618 Code Issues 62 Pull requests 4 Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights Safemoon.sol/Safemoon.sol @safemoonprotocol safemoonprotocol Create Safemoon.sol Latest commit 152e907 on Mar 4 History 1 contributor 1166 lines (997 sloc) 42.3 KB /** *Submitted for verification at BscScan.com on 2021-03-01 */ /** *Submitted for verification at BscScan.com on 2021-03-01 */ /** #BEE #LIQ+#RFI+#SHIB+#DOGE = #BEE #SAFEMOON features: 3% fee auto add to the liquidity pool to locked forever when selling 2% fee auto distribute to all holders I created a black hole so #Bee token will deflate itself in supply with every transaction 50% Supply is burned at start. */ pragma solidity ^0.6.12; // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicensed interface IERC20 { function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256); /** * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`. */ function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256); /** * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`. * * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded. * * Emits a {Transfer} event. */ function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); /** * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is * zero by default. * * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called. */ function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256); /** * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens. * * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded. * * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the * desired value afterwards: * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729 * * Emits an {Approval} event. */ function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); /** * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's * allowance. * * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded. * * Emits a {Transfer} event. */ function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool); /** * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to * another (`to`). * * Note that `value` may be zero. */ event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value); /** * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance. */ event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value); } /** * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow * checks. * * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages. * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an * operation overflows. * * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always. */ library SafeMath { /** * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on * overflow. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator. * * Requirements: * * - Addition cannot overflow. */ function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { uint256 c = a + b; require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow"); return c; } /** * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on * overflow (when the result is negative). * * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator. * * Requirements: * * - Subtraction cannot overflow. */ function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow"); } /** * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on * overflow (when the result is negative). * * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator. * * Requirements: * * - Subtraction cannot overflow. */ function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) { require(b <= a, errorMessage); uint256 c = a - b; return c; } /** * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on * overflow. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator. * * Requirements: * * - Multiplication cannot overflow. */ function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested. // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522 if (a == 0) { return 0; } uint256 c = a * b; require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow"); return c; } /** * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas). * * Requirements: * * - The divisor cannot be zero. */ function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero"); } /** * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas). * * Requirements: * * - The divisor cannot be zero. */ function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) { require(b > 0, errorMessage); uint256 c = a / b; // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold return c; } /** * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo), * Reverts when dividing by zero. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert` * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas). * * Requirements: * * - The divisor cannot be zero. */ function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) { return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero"); } /** * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo), * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero. * * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert` * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas). * * Requirements: * * - The divisor cannot be zero. */ function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) { require(b != 0, errorMessage); return a % b; } } abstract contract Context { function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) { return msg.sender; } function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) { this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691 return msg.data; } } /** * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type */ library Address { /** * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract. * * [IMPORTANT] * ==== * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract. * * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following * types of addresses: * * - an externally-owned account * - a contract in construction * - an address where a contract will be created * - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed * ==== */ function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) { // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')` bytes32 codehash; bytes32 accountHash = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470; // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly assembly { codehash := extcodehash(account) } return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0); } /** * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors. * * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation. * * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more]. * * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using * {ReentrancyGuard} or the * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern]. */ function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal { require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance"); // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }(""); require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"); } /** * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this * function instead. * * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this * function (like regular Solidity function calls). * * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value, * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`]. * * Requirements: * * - `target` must be a contract. * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert. * * _Available since v3.1._ */ function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) { return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed"); } /** * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts. * * _Available since v3.1._ */ function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) { return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage); } /** * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`. * * Requirements: * * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`. * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`. * * _Available since v3.1._ */ function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) { return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed"); } /** * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts. * * _Available since v3.1._ */ function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) { require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call"); return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage); } function _functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 weiValue, string memory errorMessage) private returns (bytes memory) { require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract"); // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: weiValue }(data); if (success) { return returndata; } else { // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present if (returndata.length > 0) { // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly assembly { let returndata_size := mload(returndata) revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size) } } else { revert(errorMessage); } } } } /** * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to * specific functions. * * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}. * * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to * the owner. */ contract Ownable is Context { address private _owner; address private _previousOwner; uint256 private _lockTime; event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner); /** * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner. */ constructor () internal { address msgSender = _msgSender(); _owner = msgSender; emit OwnershipTransferred(address(0), msgSender); } /** * @dev Returns the address of the current owner. */ function owner() public view returns (address) { return _owner; } /** * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner. */ modifier onlyOwner() { require(_owner == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner"); _; } /** * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner. * * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner, * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner. */ function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner { emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0)); _owner = address(0); } /** * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`). * Can only be called by the current owner. */ function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner { require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address"); emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, newOwner); _owner = newOwner; } function geUnlockTime() public view returns (uint256) { return _lockTime; } //Locks the contract for owner for the amount of time provided function lock(uint256 time) public virtual onlyOwner { _previousOwner = _owner; _owner = address(0); _lockTime = now + time; emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, address(0)); } //Unlocks the contract for owner when _lockTime is exceeds function unlock() public virtual { require(_previousOwner == msg.sender, "You don't have permission to unlock"); require(now > _lockTime , "Contract is locked until 7 days"); emit OwnershipTransferred(_owner, _previousOwner); _owner = _previousOwner; } } // pragma solidity >=0.5.0; interface IUniswapV2Factory { event PairCreated(address indexed token0, address indexed token1, address pair, uint); function feeTo() external view returns (address); function feeToSetter() external view returns (address); function getPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external view returns (address pair); function allPairs(uint) external view returns (address pair); function allPairsLength() external view returns (uint); function createPair(address tokenA, address tokenB) external returns (address pair); function setFeeTo(address) external; function setFeeToSetter(address) external; } // pragma solidity >=0.5.0; interface IUniswapV2Pair { event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value); event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value); function name() external pure returns (string memory); function symbol() external pure returns (string memory); function decimals() external pure returns (uint8); function totalSupply() external view returns (uint); function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint); function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint); function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool); function transfer(address to, uint value) external returns (bool); function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) external returns (bool); function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32); function PERMIT_TYPEHASH() external pure returns (bytes32); function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint); function permit(address owner, address spender, uint value, uint deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) external; event Mint(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1); event Burn(address indexed sender, uint amount0, uint amount1, address indexed to); event Swap( address indexed sender, uint amount0In, uint amount1In, uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address indexed to ); event Sync(uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1); function MINIMUM_LIQUIDITY() external pure returns (uint); function factory() external view returns (address); function token0() external view returns (address); function token1() external view returns (address); function getReserves() external view returns (uint112 reserve0, uint112 reserve1, uint32 blockTimestampLast); function price0CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint); function price1CumulativeLast() external view returns (uint); function kLast() external view returns (uint); function mint(address to) external returns (uint liquidity); function burn(address to) external returns (uint amount0, uint amount1); function swap(uint amount0Out, uint amount1Out, address to, bytes calldata data) external; function skim(address to) external; function sync() external; function initialize(address, address) external; } // pragma solidity >=0.6.2; interface IUniswapV2Router01 { function factory() external pure returns (address); function WETH() external pure returns (address); function addLiquidity( address tokenA, address tokenB, uint amountADesired, uint amountBDesired, uint amountAMin, uint amountBMin, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB, uint liquidity); function addLiquidityETH( address token, uint amountTokenDesired, uint amountTokenMin, uint amountETHMin, address to, uint deadline ) external payable returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH, uint liquidity); function removeLiquidity( address tokenA, address tokenB, uint liquidity, uint amountAMin, uint amountBMin, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB); function removeLiquidityETH( address token, uint liquidity, uint amountTokenMin, uint amountETHMin, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH); function removeLiquidityWithPermit( address tokenA, address tokenB, uint liquidity, uint amountAMin, uint amountBMin, address to, uint deadline, bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s ) external returns (uint amountA, uint amountB); function removeLiquidityETHWithPermit( address token, uint liquidity, uint amountTokenMin, uint amountETHMin, address to, uint deadline, bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s ) external returns (uint amountToken, uint amountETH); function swapExactTokensForTokens( uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts); function swapTokensForExactTokens( uint amountOut, uint amountInMax, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint[] memory amounts); function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external payable returns (uint[] memory amounts); function swapTokensForExactETH(uint amountOut, uint amountInMax, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external returns (uint[] memory amounts); function swapExactTokensForETH(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external returns (uint[] memory amounts); function swapETHForExactTokens(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external payable returns (uint[] memory amounts); function quote(uint amountA, uint reserveA, uint reserveB) external pure returns (uint amountB); function getAmountOut(uint amountIn, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountOut); function getAmountIn(uint amountOut, uint reserveIn, uint reserveOut) external pure returns (uint amountIn); function getAmountsOut(uint amountIn, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts); function getAmountsIn(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path) external view returns (uint[] memory amounts); } // pragma solidity >=0.6.2; interface IUniswapV2Router02 is IUniswapV2Router01 { function removeLiquidityETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( address token, uint liquidity, uint amountTokenMin, uint amountETHMin, address to, uint deadline ) external returns (uint amountETH); function removeLiquidityETHWithPermitSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( address token, uint liquidity, uint amountTokenMin, uint amountETHMin, address to, uint deadline, bool approveMax, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s ) external returns (uint amountETH); function swapExactTokensForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline ) external; function swapExactETHForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline ) external payable; function swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline ) external; } contract SafeMoon is Context, IERC20, Ownable { using SafeMath for uint256; using Address for address; mapping (address => uint256) private _rOwned; mapping (address => uint256) private _tOwned; mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances; mapping (address => bool) private _isExcludedFromFee; mapping (address => bool) private _isExcluded; address[] private _excluded; uint256 private constant MAX = ~uint256(0); uint256 private _tTotal = 1000000000 * 10**6 * 10**9; uint256 private _rTotal = (MAX - (MAX % _tTotal)); uint256 private _tFeeTotal; string private _name = "SafeMoon"; string private _symbol = "SAFEMOON"; uint8 private _decimals = 9; uint256 public _taxFee = 5; uint256 private _previousTaxFee = _taxFee; uint256 public _liquidityFee = 5; uint256 private _previousLiquidityFee = _liquidityFee; IUniswapV2Router02 public immutable uniswapV2Router; address public immutable uniswapV2Pair; bool inSwapAndLiquify; bool public swapAndLiquifyEnabled = true; uint256 public _maxTxAmount = 5000000 * 10**6 * 10**9; uint256 private numTokensSellToAddToLiquidity = 500000 * 10**6 * 10**9; event MinTokensBeforeSwapUpdated(uint256 minTokensBeforeSwap); event SwapAndLiquifyEnabledUpdated(bool enabled); event SwapAndLiquify( uint256 tokensSwapped, uint256 ethReceived, uint256 tokensIntoLiqudity ); modifier lockTheSwap { inSwapAndLiquify = true; _; inSwapAndLiquify = false; } constructor () public { _rOwned[_msgSender()] = _rTotal; IUniswapV2Router02 _uniswapV2Router = IUniswapV2Router02(0x05fF2B0DB69458A0750badebc4f9e13aDd608C7F); // Create a uniswap pair for this new token uniswapV2Pair = IUniswapV2Factory(_uniswapV2Router.factory()) .createPair(address(this), _uniswapV2Router.WETH()); // set the rest of the contract variables uniswapV2Router = _uniswapV2Router; //exclude owner and this contract from fee _isExcludedFromFee[owner()] = true; _isExcludedFromFee[address(this)] = true; emit Transfer(address(0), _msgSender(), _tTotal); } function name() public view returns (string memory) { return _name; } function symbol() public view returns (string memory) { return _symbol; } function decimals() public view returns (uint8) { return _decimals; } function totalSupply() public view override returns (uint256) { return _tTotal; } function balanceOf(address account) public view override returns (uint256) { if (_isExcluded[account]) return _tOwned[account]; return tokenFromReflection(_rOwned[account]); } function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public override returns (bool) { _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount); return true; } function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view override returns (uint256) { return _allowances[owner][spender]; } function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public override returns (bool) { _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount); return true; } function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public override returns (bool) { _transfer(sender, recipient, amount); _approve(sender, _msgSender(), _allowances[sender][_msgSender()].sub(amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance")); return true; } function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) { _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].add(addedValue)); return true; } function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) { _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender].sub(subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero")); return true; } function isExcludedFromReward(address account) public view returns (bool) { return _isExcluded[account]; } function totalFees() public view returns (uint256) { return _tFeeTotal; } function deliver(uint256 tAmount) public { address sender = _msgSender(); require(!_isExcluded[sender], "Excluded addresses cannot call this function"); (uint256 rAmount,,,,,) = _getValues(tAmount); _rOwned[sender] = _rOwned[sender].sub(rAmount); _rTotal = _rTotal.sub(rAmount); _tFeeTotal = _tFeeTotal.add(tAmount); } function reflectionFromToken(uint256 tAmount, bool deductTransferFee) public view returns(uint256) { require(tAmount <= _tTotal, "Amount must be less than supply"); if (!deductTransferFee) { (uint256 rAmount,,,,,) = _getValues(tAmount); return rAmount; } else { (,uint256 rTransferAmount,,,,) = _getValues(tAmount); return rTransferAmount; } } function tokenFromReflection(uint256 rAmount) public view returns(uint256) { require(rAmount <= _rTotal, "Amount must be less than total reflections"); uint256 currentRate = _getRate(); return rAmount.div(currentRate); } function excludeFromReward(address account) public onlyOwner() { // require(account != 0x7a250d5630B4cF539739dF2C5dAcb4c659F2488D, 'We can not exclude Uniswap router.'); require(!_isExcluded[account], "Account is already excluded"); if(_rOwned[account] > 0) { _tOwned[account] = tokenFromReflection(_rOwned[account]); } _isExcluded[account] = true; _excluded.push(account); } function includeInReward(address account) external onlyOwner() { require(_isExcluded[account], "Account is already excluded"); for (uint256 i = 0; i < _excluded.length; i++) { if (_excluded[i] == account) { _excluded[i] = _excluded[_excluded.length - 1]; _tOwned[account] = 0; _isExcluded[account] = false; _excluded.pop(); break; } } } function _transferBothExcluded(address sender, address recipient, uint256 tAmount) private { (uint256 rAmount, uint256 rTransferAmount, uint256 rFee, uint256 tTransferAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity) = _getValues(tAmount); _tOwned[sender] = _tOwned[sender].sub(tAmount); _rOwned[sender] = _rOwned[sender].sub(rAmount); _tOwned[recipient] = _tOwned[recipient].add(tTransferAmount); _rOwned[recipient] = _rOwned[recipient].add(rTransferAmount); _takeLiquidity(tLiquidity); _reflectFee(rFee, tFee); emit Transfer(sender, recipient, tTransferAmount); } function excludeFromFee(address account) public onlyOwner { _isExcludedFromFee[account] = true; } function includeInFee(address account) public onlyOwner { _isExcludedFromFee[account] = false; } function setTaxFeePercent(uint256 taxFee) external onlyOwner() { _taxFee = taxFee; } function setLiquidityFeePercent(uint256 liquidityFee) external onlyOwner() { _liquidityFee = liquidityFee; } function setMaxTxPercent(uint256 maxTxPercent) external onlyOwner() { _maxTxAmount = _tTotal.mul(maxTxPercent).div( 10**2 ); } function setSwapAndLiquifyEnabled(bool _enabled) public onlyOwner { swapAndLiquifyEnabled = _enabled; emit SwapAndLiquifyEnabledUpdated(_enabled); } //to recieve ETH from uniswapV2Router when swaping receive() external payable {} function _reflectFee(uint256 rFee, uint256 tFee) private { _rTotal = _rTotal.sub(rFee); _tFeeTotal = _tFeeTotal.add(tFee); } function _getValues(uint256 tAmount) private view returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256) { (uint256 tTransferAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity) = _getTValues(tAmount); (uint256 rAmount, uint256 rTransferAmount, uint256 rFee) = _getRValues(tAmount, tFee, tLiquidity, _getRate()); return (rAmount, rTransferAmount, rFee, tTransferAmount, tFee, tLiquidity); } function _getTValues(uint256 tAmount) private view returns (uint256, uint256, uint256) { uint256 tFee = calculateTaxFee(tAmount); uint256 tLiquidity = calculateLiquidityFee(tAmount); uint256 tTransferAmount = tAmount.sub(tFee).sub(tLiquidity); return (tTransferAmount, tFee, tLiquidity); } function _getRValues(uint256 tAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity, uint256 currentRate) private pure returns (uint256, uint256, uint256) { uint256 rAmount = tAmount.mul(currentRate); uint256 rFee = tFee.mul(currentRate); uint256 rLiquidity = tLiquidity.mul(currentRate); uint256 rTransferAmount = rAmount.sub(rFee).sub(rLiquidity); return (rAmount, rTransferAmount, rFee); } function _getRate() private view returns(uint256) { (uint256 rSupply, uint256 tSupply) = _getCurrentSupply(); return rSupply.div(tSupply); } function _getCurrentSupply() private view returns(uint256, uint256) { uint256 rSupply = _rTotal; uint256 tSupply = _tTotal; for (uint256 i = 0; i < _excluded.length; i++) { if (_rOwned[_excluded[i]] > rSupply || _tOwned[_excluded[i]] > tSupply) return (_rTotal, _tTotal); rSupply = rSupply.sub(_rOwned[_excluded[i]]); tSupply = tSupply.sub(_tOwned[_excluded[i]]); } if (rSupply < _rTotal.div(_tTotal)) return (_rTotal, _tTotal); return (rSupply, tSupply); } function _takeLiquidity(uint256 tLiquidity) private { uint256 currentRate = _getRate(); uint256 rLiquidity = tLiquidity.mul(currentRate); _rOwned[address(this)] = _rOwned[address(this)].add(rLiquidity); if(_isExcluded[address(this)]) _tOwned[address(this)] = _tOwned[address(this)].add(tLiquidity); } function calculateTaxFee(uint256 _amount) private view returns (uint256) { return _amount.mul(_taxFee).div( 10**2 ); } function calculateLiquidityFee(uint256 _amount) private view returns (uint256) { return _amount.mul(_liquidityFee).div( 10**2 ); } function removeAllFee() private { if(_taxFee == 0 && _liquidityFee == 0) return; _previousTaxFee = _taxFee; _previousLiquidityFee = _liquidityFee; _taxFee = 0; _liquidityFee = 0; } function restoreAllFee() private { _taxFee = _previousTaxFee; _liquidityFee = _previousLiquidityFee; } function isExcludedFromFee(address account) public view returns(bool) { return _isExcludedFromFee[account]; } function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) private { require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address"); require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address"); _allowances[owner][spender] = amount; emit Approval(owner, spender, amount); } function _transfer( address from, address to, uint256 amount ) private { require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address"); require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address"); require(amount > 0, "Transfer amount must be greater than zero"); if(from != owner() && to != owner()) require(amount <= _maxTxAmount, "Transfer amount exceeds the maxTxAmount."); // is the token balance of this contract address over the min number of // tokens that we need to initiate a swap + liquidity lock? // also, don't get caught in a circular liquidity event. // also, don't swap & liquify if sender is uniswap pair. uint256 contractTokenBalance = balanceOf(address(this)); if(contractTokenBalance >= _maxTxAmount) { contractTokenBalance = _maxTxAmount; } bool overMinTokenBalance = contractTokenBalance >= numTokensSellToAddToLiquidity; if ( overMinTokenBalance && !inSwapAndLiquify && from != uniswapV2Pair && swapAndLiquifyEnabled ) { contractTokenBalance = numTokensSellToAddToLiquidity; //add liquidity swapAndLiquify(contractTokenBalance); } //indicates if fee should be deducted from transfer bool takeFee = true; //if any account belongs to _isExcludedFromFee account then remove the fee if(_isExcludedFromFee[from] || _isExcludedFromFee[to]){ takeFee = false; } //transfer amount, it will take tax, burn, liquidity fee _tokenTransfer(from,to,amount,takeFee); } function swapAndLiquify(uint256 contractTokenBalance) private lockTheSwap { // split the contract balance into halves uint256 half = contractTokenBalance.div(2); uint256 otherHalf = contractTokenBalance.sub(half); // capture the contract's current ETH balance. // this is so that we can capture exactly the amount of ETH that the // swap creates, and not make the liquidity event include any ETH that // has been manually sent to the contract uint256 initialBalance = address(this).balance; // swap tokens for ETH swapTokensForEth(half); // <- this breaks the ETH -> HATE swap when swap+liquify is triggered // how much ETH did we just swap into? uint256 newBalance = address(this).balance.sub(initialBalance); // add liquidity to uniswap addLiquidity(otherHalf, newBalance); emit SwapAndLiquify(half, newBalance, otherHalf); } function swapTokensForEth(uint256 tokenAmount) private { // generate the uniswap pair path of token -> weth address[] memory path = new address[](2); path[0] = address(this); path[1] = uniswapV2Router.WETH(); _approve(address(this), address(uniswapV2Router), tokenAmount); // make the swap uniswapV2Router.swapExactTokensForETHSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens( tokenAmount, 0, // accept any amount of ETH path, address(this), block.timestamp ); } function addLiquidity(uint256 tokenAmount, uint256 ethAmount) private { // approve token transfer to cover all possible scenarios _approve(address(this), address(uniswapV2Router), tokenAmount); // add the liquidity uniswapV2Router.addLiquidityETH{value: ethAmount}( address(this), tokenAmount, 0, // slippage is unavoidable 0, // slippage is unavoidable owner(), block.timestamp ); } //this method is responsible for taking all fee, if takeFee is true function _tokenTransfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount,bool takeFee) private { if(!takeFee) removeAllFee(); if (_isExcluded[sender] && !_isExcluded[recipient]) { _transferFromExcluded(sender, recipient, amount); } else if (!_isExcluded[sender] && _isExcluded[recipient]) { _transferToExcluded(sender, recipient, amount); } else if (!_isExcluded[sender] && !_isExcluded[recipient]) { _transferStandard(sender, recipient, amount); } else if (_isExcluded[sender] && _isExcluded[recipient]) { _transferBothExcluded(sender, recipient, amount); } else { _transferStandard(sender, recipient, amount); } if(!takeFee) restoreAllFee(); } function _transferStandard(address sender, address recipient, uint256 tAmount) private { (uint256 rAmount, uint256 rTransferAmount, uint256 rFee, uint256 tTransferAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity) = _getValues(tAmount); _rOwned[sender] = _rOwned[sender].sub(rAmount); _rOwned[recipient] = _rOwned[recipient].add(rTransferAmount); _takeLiquidity(tLiquidity); _reflectFee(rFee, tFee); emit Transfer(sender, recipient, tTransferAmount); } function _transferToExcluded(address sender, address recipient, uint256 tAmount) private { (uint256 rAmount, uint256 rTransferAmount, uint256 rFee, uint256 tTransferAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity) = _getValues(tAmount); _rOwned[sender] = _rOwned[sender].sub(rAmount); _tOwned[recipient] = _tOwned[recipient].add(tTransferAmount); _rOwned[recipient] = _rOwned[recipient].add(rTransferAmount); _takeLiquidity(tLiquidity); _reflectFee(rFee, tFee); emit Transfer(sender, recipient, tTransferAmount); } function _transferFromExcluded(address sender, address recipient, uint256 tAmount) private { (uint256 rAmount, uint256 rTransferAmount, uint256 rFee, uint256 tTransferAmount, uint256 tFee, uint256 tLiquidity) = _getValues(tAmount); _tOwned[sender] = _tOwned[sender].sub(tAmount); _rOwned[sender] = _rOwned[sender].sub(rAmount); _rOwned[recipient] = _rOwned[recipient].add(rTransferAmount); _takeLiquidity(tLiquidity); _reflectFee(rFee, tFee); emit Transfer(sender, recipient, tTransferAmount); } } © 2021 GitHub, Inc. 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This is a training program for a C programming exam. The program is built using Python and Streamlit, and provides exam-like conditions to help you practice for the exam.

My first C programming repo-Low-level programming training module sprint 1

Python is an object oriented high level programming language. One of the simplest programming languages of all, and also the most used language for creating System Security programs. It is Simple, yet the most powerful programming language which is very close to the Machine Language. If you have never programmed before, but you have little knowledge of how a computer works, then this the right place to start. After learning this course, one can start to build their own System programs, and also basic malware testing programs. This course is for those who want to learn how to program in python. It is intended to suit a wide audience, though not for absolute beginners. This course is targeted towards people who already have basic in either python or any other programming language. This course takes in consideration that you already know what loops, conditions, statements and variables are. This course will take you through the following chapters: Abstraction I and II, Exceptions in programs, Methods, properties and iterators, Standard Libraries and Python programming with Files. This will complete your intermediate training in Python Programming and how data structures are created and implemented in software’s. If you already know python, but other versions earlier than Python3.0, then you can start with this course to upgrade yourself with necessary modules. Some of the material in this course may be a bit difficult for an inexperienced programmer. However, once you start writing and practicing the examples in this course and writing your own codes based on these examples, then it will become quite practical for you to understand these terms. If you don’t understand some specific terms in the first bit, go through the tutorials again. Practice and Repetition are the keys to learning. This Course is in depth summary of the Core of Python. So, if you already have the basics in python, then it will be extremely easy to understand. Even if you don’t have the basics, then you can just search the specific terms used in here, understand only those and then come back to clear the advanced topics in these tutorials. This course will take you through the journey of interacting with system files using IDLE or the Python Interpreter, Creating your own servers and clients using socket programming, Understanding the database support for python with SQlite. There are also chapters which will teach you how to create your own programs which can interact with open files in any platform (UNIX, Linux, Windows or Mac). There is also a vast area covered in this course about Web Programming with Python covering the four most important topics as CGI, Screen Scraping, mod_python and Web Services. And finally there is testing, debugging and logging in Python. So, by completing this course, you will finally be able to write your own programs and test them on various platforms. The Main Idea of this course is to make the learner an advanced programmer having knowledge in bits and bytes in all various environments in Python programming. What are the requirements? Basics in Any Programming Language Basic Computer Knowledge Basics in Python such as ‘loops, variables, conditions and statements’(knowing any other language would be an added advantage) Basics in Python (knowing basic C,C++ and a bit about network programming would be an added advantage) What am I going to get from this course? Over 73 lectures and 10 hours of content! This course will clear advanced programming knowledge in Python Learn Abstraction I and II, Exceptions in programs, Methods, properties and iterators, Standard Libraries and Python programming with Files This course will take you through the journey of interacting with system files using IDLE or the Python Interpreter, Creating your own servers and clients using socket programming, Understanding the database support for python with SQlite. Learn Web Programming with Python covering the four most important topics as CGI, Screen Scraping, mod_python and Web Services Learn testing, debugging and logging in Python What is the target audience? Students Professionals Anyone who wants to learn a new Version i.e. Python 3.4.2

C Programming Language Training

Simple NN is a neural network implemented in C language, which includes a multilayer perceptron and a convolutional network. It is a digital handwriting recognition program that utilizes the MNIST dataset for training the neural network model.

This repository offers a comprehensive training program on embedded systems development, covering four modules that encompass C and Embedded C Programming, Microcontroller Architecture, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS), and Automotive embedded systems. Elevate your skills and tackle real-world challenges in this exciting field.

In a needlework shop made for quantity result, an established curriculum should comply with certain principles and a timetable. The larger your embroidery procedure, the much more you need a defined training program. https://houstonembroideryservice.com/custom-patches/ Having your new-hires discover by "on-the-job osmosis" generally leads to irregular task abilities, an unforeseeable timespan to establish trainees and no chance to determine development and also retention. Extra notably, it does not offer your new employees their finest opportunities to stand out. I have handled big, multiple-shift embroidery stores and also found that having a well-known training educational program allowed me to determine where employees needed added direction. A great training program has actually a specified curriculum connected to a timetable. I such as to customize the program to fit my trial-period time frame, which normally is 90 days. At the end of this period, a competent candidate should have successfully finished the program and also have the ability to execute the custom name patches making skills recognized later in this article. EXPERIENCE LEVELS It may be alluring to hire a knowledgeable operator, and also lots of state work commissions currently include a group for embroidery equipment operators. Make sure to completely examine operators that have worked in various other huge shops. Why? Since some huge stores train operators in very details tasks and their general understanding may be limited. For instance, I when hired a seasoned operator from a shop that stitched for Ocean Pacific (OP) Apparel Corp. Nonetheless, when performing sewouts, I learned that she was uninformed that you might move the starting position of the hoop. At her previous shop, jobs were repeated and there was no demand to train particular skills. Still, you can find some excellent skill that might have just recently moved right into your location or a person returning to the workforce. For these reasons, consult your state work compensation. SELECTING A CANDIDATE While many managers look for candidates with sewing experience, remember that industrial stitching equipment drivers are made use of to sitting while working. Embroidery operators need to depend on their feet all the time, proactively moving the workplace. The candidate also must have good eyesight, be able to recognize shade and also be reasonably in shape. I've located a variety of good driver students by seeing their work habits in one more job setup. For instance, when I go to a lunch counter or coffee shop, I notice employees that rush, as well as have knowledge as well as a great perspective. They make fantastic prospects for learning brand-new skills that could result in possibly greater earnings. TRAINING PRINCIPLES When you construct your training program around the complying with ideas, your students will certainly proceed quicker and consistently. 1. The needlework equipment doesn't have a mind of its very own. Makers might occasionally malfunction as a result of an electric or electronic trouble, but such incidents are unusual. When a new trainee states, "I do not recognize why the machine did that," the instructor must respond in a mild way that the device probably did what the trainee advised it to do. This creates responsibility as opposed to advertising the idea that the equipment does strange and also unpredictable points by itself. 2. The needlework machine can harm you. Students, in addition to skilled drivers, need to have a healthy respect for the machine as well as recognize they could be harmed if safety treatments are not complied with. It's an ideal practice to train all drivers to loudly state "Ready" or "Clear" prior to the maker is engaged. This helps guarantee that no fingers are near the needles or in a location where they could be pinched when the pantograph relocations. 3. Mistakes will certainly take place. Stand up to the temptation to jump ahead of your planned training schedule. Doing so can bring about errors-- potentially pricey ones-- and even damage to the tools. When an error does inevitably occur, stay favorable. This is a fine line to stroll due to the fact that you do not want to cultivate the idea that errors are constantly OKAY, however it's also essential to not damage the trainee's morale. Rather, try to make the negative experience a mentor minute. Assist the student comprehend and verbalize what was learned from the experience. 4. Have students say it in their very own words. Lots of people say they comprehend a principle also when they don't. Have the student repeat your instructions for treatments in their very own words. This is a great means to reveal misunderstandings and also miscommunication. Even if you have actually created treatments, allow students to make their very own notes to help them bear in mind the necessary steps to fill a style, designate needles and also other unknown jobs. 5. Most of us do it the same way. Some huge stores have "set-up drivers" and "job operators." In such setups, even more skilled or extra very trained operators set up new tasks, while less-skilled drivers keep the equipment packed as well as threaded. No matter each worker's training, all operators have to comply with the exact same treatments. Even though every person is asked to comply with store standards, no person knows better than drivers where improvements can be made. If a staff member-- also a trainee-- believes a better means exists to do a job, that person ought to feel comfortable sharing it. If it actually is much better, the new approach should come to be basic shop treatment for all workers. APPLICATION It's vital that trainees have the ability to distinguish great as well as inadequate needlework. During the normal course of organization, collect needlework examples that have describes that are off-register, rugged column stitches as well as various other symptoms of inferior needlework. Ask trainees to evaluate these samples to develop their recognition of high-grade stitching. Begin trainees with easy jobs, like altering string for a brand-new task. Next off, progress to mentor tension essentials and also recognizing good needlework from bad embroidery. Make some brief videos of operations in your store and also publish them for either public or private watching on YouTube. This offers a twin function: Trainees will certainly learn from the video clips and also they can show their loved ones concerning their intriguing new task. When creating your training program, accumulate referral material from the Internet, publication short articles or various other relevant resources. Establish treatments for typical tasks and give written standards. ________________________________________. A Minimum Training Plan for Embroidery Machine Operators &amp; Supervisors. Listed here are the minimum elements that must be consisted of in a training program for drivers as well as for managers. Use this list as a guide, and also attach your own timespan as well as sequence that makes good sense for your store. At the end of your trial duration, utilize it as a checklist to evaluate the student's understanding of each element. You'll be pleased with the all-around and also experienced driver you have educated. Digital Embroidery Machine Operators. Student needs to get an explanation for each of the adhering to products and have the ability to carry out after ideal training time. 1) Understanding Placement Standards. a. How to apply your shop's typical embroidery positioning, such as left upper body or complete back. b. Selecting suitable strategies for marking garments when required. 2) Review of Job Details. a. Read orders for efficiency: string shades, design, placement. b. Ask for verification in the case of doubtful punctuation or instructions that don't appear right. 3) Garment Inspection. a. Counting garments. b. Checking for appropriate garments. c. Checking for defects before using embroidery. 4) Hooping. a. Select the smallest hoop that will certainly fit style. b. Exceptions to the guideline, such as maintaining bulky seams out of hoop location. c. Hooping procedures and also preventing damages to material from hooping. d. When to utilize holding fixtures rather than a standard hoop. 5) Matching Stabilizer to Fabrics. a. When to do a test sew-out for an initial post. b. Evaluate for appropriate support. c. Evaluate whether a topping is needed. 6) Assuring Consistent Placement. a. Determine positioning approach strategy for each and every work type. b. How to note garments. 7) Thread Handling. a. Setting up thread for basic work. b. Setting up threads for small quantities or combined color orders. c. Tying of knot to pull through needle for thread transition. d. Tying of knot for thread storage space, when relevant. e. Purpose of each element in the thread path (pre-tensioners, tensioners check springtime). f. How a stitch is created. g. How thread break detector/bobbin sensors work. h. Handling of metallics, polyesters as well as various other specialty strings. 8) Thread Tensions. a. Tension screening procedures (top and bottom). b. Troubleshooting tension problems. c. Adjusting and cleansing of the bobbin instance. d. Adjusting of the upper tensioners. 9) Needles. a. Matching the appropriate needle to items. b. How and when to alter needles. c. Identifying sewing signs and symptoms that are needle-related. 10) Troubleshooting as well as Machine Management. a. When and when not to back up the equipment to repair missing out on string. b. Identifying source of string breaks. c. Lubricating of the maker-- when, where, just how as well as with what. b. Sewing speeds for various tasks and also sew types. 11) Specialty Techniques. a. Producing premium needlework on completed caps. b. Producing appliqué products (if relevant). Needlework Supervisors (Multi-Machine Shops). 1) Pre-Production. a. Scheduling Principles. I. Matching job specifics for reliable consecutive work series. II. Assigning priorities according to assurance date. b. Procedures for purchasing digitized designs. c. Procedures for hosting upcoming orders. 2) Production. a. Sensible, organized job flow through store. b. Monitoring of supplies and also accessories. c. Matching operators to tasks and machines. d. Tracking of production throughout-- preserving a manufacturing log. e. Account daily or weekly losses and expense of nonconformity. 3) Equipment. a. Oversee upkeep. b. Keep a maintenance log for every machine. 4) Training. a. Organize as well as keep recommended reference product for operator students. b. Evaluate students' progression. c. Identify under-skilled drivers and offer aid.

Saxo Bank Review Info Update 2022 otoxs July 03, 2022 Saxo bank is considered one of the most relied on names inside the world of foreign exchange buying and selling. The dealer provides a huge collection of belongings for margin-based totally trading, low spreads, and lightning speedy execution of trades. The broker holds a couple of policies global. In this article, I review some functions that Saxo Bank has and why buyers and nontraders could make money with the broker’s provision.Overview Saxo Bank A/S is privately owned; Geely Financials Denmark A/S, a subsidiary of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd, owns fifty two percentage of the stocks of its shares. The founder and CEO of Saxo Bank, Kim Fournals, owns 25.71% of the Bank shares. Shampoo Plc, a main Nordic economic offerings enterprise, additionally owns 19.9% of the financial institution shares. Minority shareholders, such as numerous modern and former personnel of the Bank, preserve the ultimate stocks. The Bank turned into the primary broking in Denmark to gain approval from the European Investment Directive in 1992. Saxo Group presently operates international, taking part carefully with supervisory government in each jurisdiction it exists in. The broking is regulated through the Australian Securities and Investments in Australia, the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong, the Japanese Financial Services Agency in Japan, Financial Conduct Authority inside the UK, Bank of Netherlands within the Netherland. It is also regulated in Italy, Czech, Singapore, Switzerland, U.A.E., Denmark, and many others. Aside from having a extensive agency jurisdiction, it additionally has a completely extensive variety of markets reachable to traders. The markets furnished encompass foreign exchange, stocks, ETFs, Bonds, Mutual Funds, Futures, Listed Options, and more. It also gives controlled portfolios wherein professionals navigate and manipulate your investments without your input. The controlled portfolio additionally gives you the liberty to withdraw at any time. The Bank has provisions for retail traders and institutional buyers.ProsConsStrongly regulated Wide variety of markets Useful studies toolsHigh minimum deposit Only to be had for six days a week High bond, alternatives and destiny costs Who is Saxo Bank for? The broking offers a extensive variety of offerings, and it has one of a kind aspects, which makes it beneficial for one of a kind forms of humans. The SaxoSelect program affords a controlled portfolio that's beneficial for individuals who do not have any form of history in trading. Through the program, specialists carry out buying and selling and manipulate portfolio for your behalf. The SaxoSelect is not just beneficial for amateur investors; other buyers who do no longer have time to exchange or desire to construct a separate portfolio other than their regular trades also can make earnings through the program. Beginners and advanced buyers also can make money through trading the lots of gadgets which are to be had at an cheap rate. The broker additionally provides a wholesome ground for institutional buyers and people who're inquisitive about partnering with the corporation. Rating: four.five/5Is Saxo Bank Safe? Saxo Bank A/S is integrated in Denmark as a certified bank and is regulated along side Saxo Bank A/S Italy, Saxo Bank AS the Czech Republic, Saxo Bank Netherlands via the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (F.S.A.). As a member of the European Union, the E.U. Banking and Investment Directives were incorporated through Denmark into the Danish Law. Saxo financial institution A/C and its branches are also regulated in one of a kind jurisdictions. It is regulated and licensed in the U.K. by using the Financial Conduct Authority; BG SAXO Societal did. Intermediazione Mobiliaire S.p.A. is certified by way of the Italian Market Authority. It is licensed in the Czech Republic with the aid of Czech National Bank. Saxo Bank A/S Netherlands is registered by means of the Bank of Netherlands. Saxo Bank Pte. Ltd. Singapore is supervised through the Monetary Authority of Singapore. It is a capital markets offerings license holder and an exempt financial marketing consultant. Other rules and licenses include the Central Bank of U.A.E. as a consultant workplace, Japanese Financial Services Agency, Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong, Australia Securities and Investments Commission in Australia.[2] So a long way, what I will say is that the bank is duly certified and controlled by way of the top and trusted agencies and businesses. For more statistics approximately the licenses and guidelines, please click right here. Rating: 4.5/5Year founded:1992Publicly traded: NoLicenses: ASIC, FCA, FMS (Swiss), SFC, JFSA (Japanese), MAS (Singapore), and moreBacklist: NoOffering of InvestmentsStock Saxo financial institution provides get admission to to more than 19,000 stocks across several core and rising markets on extra than forty exchanges worldwide. I find this thoughts-blowing because it is not commonplace to look the range of shares furnished with the aid of the broker on many other brokerage systems. These exchanges encompass NASDAQ, NYS, Singapore Exchange, Hong Kong Exchange, Australian Securities Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange.ETFs It also has more than 3000 ETFs from extra than 30 exchanges across the worldBonds Mutual Funds there are extra than 250 top-rated mutual finances to be had on the platform. The mutual price range are from the sector’s largest investors.Futures They are also to be had of their thousand Listed Products Traders and traders have get admission to to extra than 1,two hundred listed options from 23 exchanges global. These listed alternatives are throughout equities, hobby rates, energy, metals, indices, and extra. Others Asides from all that have been listed above, you could additionally alternate cryptocurrency CFD and ETPs. The ETPs help to take a long-time period function without leverage. Forex trading and lots of extra. The dealer provides eighty two FX spot pairs and 140 forwards throughout fundamental, minor and distinguished pairs. Metals are also available. Rating: 4.5/5Forex: Spot TradingYesCurrency Pairs (Total the Forex market pairs)182Social Trading / Copy-TradingYesCFDs instrumentsforex, stocks, crypto, ETFs, Bonds, Mutual fund, futures, indexed products, and so on.Commissions & Fees The dealer gives enterprise-leading costs. Traders and traders get competitive spreads and commissions throughout all asset training. The rates additionally grow to be better as change volume will increase. The dealer offers commissions from $1 on US stocks and the USA-indexed ETFs. It also costs commissions as low as $1.25 futures and indexed options; there aren't any expenses for making an investment in mutual funds. Many of the options, bonds, and futures expenses are a little high as compared to some other agents. For more facts on the expenses Rating: 4/5Minimum Initial DepositUSD 10,00, 500(GBP) for UK, USD3000 for Australia and SGD three hundred for Singapore Average Spread EUR/USD – Standard0.8All-in Cost EUR/USD – Active0.6Minimum withdrawal Platforms & Tools SaxoTraderGO It has improved trade tickets, fundamental and technical evaluation equipment, an in depth charting package, performance analysis, and some other essential capabilities. It helps a one-screen setup even though the chart can be dragged to a 2nd display screen. I located that the platform is obtainable through mobile and exclusive variations of windows.SaxoTraderPRO it's miles completely customizable and is a expert-grade platform. It provides functions like algorithmic orders, one-click buying and selling, and different charting applications. I found that it's miles customizable throughout six screens, with superior workspace and more functions thru my check. This platform isn't reachable on mobile gadgets. It is restrained to PC and MAC. The two platforms are well constructed and are consumer-friendly. Connectivity and APIs: this device allows you hook up with Saxo’s capital markets infrastructure through your selected interface. Third-celebration equipment These tools assist to execute trades from one in all Saxo’s companion’s structures. This enables you join your Saxo account to a 3rd-birthday celebration platform to access custom tools that healthy your unique buying and selling requirement. These equipment, although useful, is probably too technical for beginners to understand how to use them. Such novices could need to undergo a getting to know procedure to master them. The broking also gives a demo account in which traders can alternate a selected marketplace earlier than trading it on a stay account. Rating: 4/5Virtual Trading (Demo)YesProprietary PlatformYesDesktop Platform (Windows)YesWeb PlatformYesMetaTrader four (MT4)YesMetaTrader 5 (MT5)NoCharting – Indicators / Studies (Total)58Charting – Drawing Tools (Total)19Charting – Trade From ChartYesOrder Type – Trailing StopYesResearch The studies tools cover all of the assets furnished. Saxo Bank affords day by day commentary and in-intensity analysis across its markets. There are also articles written through monetary experts from special fields that can be beneficial for buyers to get statistics from. The studies data helps you understand how investors view the markets and notice what the experts are seeing.

Here I am uploading all the assignments which I have covered under Edurekas : Python Programming Certification course

Training material on 'What can abstract mathematics tell us about programming climate models?'

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Bangazon Workforce Management is an employee management system. This application enables HR users to keep track of their employees, departments, computers and employee training programs. Bangazon Workforce is built with C# /.NET MVC and Razor pages for the UI.

An "AI-on-device" project walks with you through all necessary steps, from collecting your own data, creating and training your own Tensorflow model, generating your own Tensorflow-lite model, developing both Python and C++ programs to recognize images on Raspberry Pi 3.

C:\Users\USER>mkdir aliabang C:\Users\USER>cd aliabang C:\Users\USER\aliabang>npm Usage: npm <command> where <command> is one of: access, adduser, audit, bin, bugs, c, cache, ci, cit, clean-install, clean-install-test, completion, config, create, ddp, dedupe, deprecate, dist-tag, docs, doctor, edit, explore, fund, get, help, help-search, hook, i, init, install, install-ci-test, install-test, it, link, list, ln, login, logout, ls, org, outdated, owner, pack, ping, prefix, profile, prune, publish, rb, rebuild, repo, restart, root, run, run-script, s, se, search, set, shrinkwrap, star, stars, start, stop, t, team, test, token, tst, un, uninstall, unpublish, unstar, up, update, v, version, view, whoami npm <command> -h quick help on <command> npm -l display full usage info npm help <term> search for help on <term> npm help npm involved overview Specify configs in the ini-formatted file: C:\Users\USER\.npmrc or on the command line via: npm <command> --key value Config info can be viewed via: npm help config npm@6.14.10 C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm C:\Users\USER\aliabang>nvm --v 'nvm' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. C:\Users\USER\aliabang>npm install -g ionic npm WARN deprecated ionic@5.4.16: The Ionic CLI now uses ✨ @ionic/cli ✨ for its package name! 👉 https://twitter.com/ionicframework/status/1223268498362851330 C:\Users\USER\AppData\Roaming\npm\ionic -> C:\Users\USER\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\ionic\bin\ionic + ionic@5.4.16 added 225 packages from 149 contributors in 74.601s C:\Users\USER\aliabang>ionic start aliabang tabs Pick a framework! Please select the JavaScript framework to use for your new app. To bypass this prompt next time, supply a value for the --type option. ? Framework: React √ Preparing directory .\aliabang - done! √ Downloading and extracting tabs starter - done! Installing dependencies may take several minutes. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Ionic Advisory, tailored solutions and expert services by Ionic Go to market faster Real-time troubleshooting and guidance Custom training, best practices, code and architecture reviews Customized strategies for every phase of the development lifecycle Learn more: https://ion.link/advisory ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── > npm.cmd i npm WARN deprecated babel-eslint@10.1.0: babel-eslint is now @babel/eslint-parser. This package will no longer receive updates. npm WARN deprecated chokidar@2.1.8: Chokidar 2 will break on node v14+. Upgrade to chokidar 3 with 15x less dependencies. npm WARN deprecated fsevents@1.2.13: fsevents 1 will break on node v14+ and could be using insecure binaries. Upgrade to fsevents 2. npm WARN deprecated @hapi/joi@15.1.1: Switch to 'npm install joi' npm WARN deprecated rollup-plugin-babel@4.4.0: This package has been deprecated and is no longer maintained. Please use @rollup/plugin-babel. npm WARN deprecated urix@0.1.0: Please see https://github.com/lydell/urix#deprecated npm WARN deprecated @hapi/bourne@1.3.2: This version has been deprecated and is no longer supported or maintained npm WARN deprecated @hapi/hoek@8.5.1: This version has been deprecated and is no longer supported or maintained npm WARN deprecated @hapi/topo@3.1.6: This version has been deprecated and is no longer supported or maintained npm WARN deprecated @hapi/address@2.1.4: Moved to 'npm install @sideway/address' npm WARN deprecated resolve-url@0.2.1: https://github.com/lydell/resolve-url#deprecated npm WARN deprecated request-promise-native@1.0.9: request-promise-native has been deprecated because it extends the now deprecated request package, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142 npm WARN deprecated request@2.88.2: request has been deprecated, see https://github.com/request/request/issues/3142 npm WARN deprecated core-js@2.6.12: core-js@<3 is no longer maintained and not recommended for usage due to the number of issues. Please, upgrade your dependencies to the actual version of core-js@3. npm WARN deprecated har-validator@5.1.5: this library is no longer supported > core-js@2.6.12 postinstall C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang\node_modules\babel-runtime\node_modules\core-js > node -e "try{require('./postinstall')}catch(e){}" Thank you for using core-js ( https://github.com/zloirock/core-js ) for polyfilling JavaScript standard library! The project needs your help! Please consider supporting of core-js on Open Collective or Patreon: > https://opencollective.com/core-js > https://www.patreon.com/zloirock Also, the author of core-js ( https://github.com/zloirock ) is looking for a good job -) > core-js@3.8.3 postinstall C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang\node_modules\core-js > node -e "try{require('./postinstall')}catch(e){}" > core-js-pure@3.8.3 postinstall C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang\node_modules\core-js-pure > node -e "try{require('./postinstall')}catch(e){}" > ejs@2.7.4 postinstall C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang\node_modules\ejs > node ./postinstall.js Thank you for installing EJS: built with the Jake JavaScript build tool (https://jakejs.com/) npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file. npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^2.1.3 (node_modules\react-scripts\node_modules\fsevents): npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@2.3.2: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"win32","arch":"x64"}) npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^1.2.7 (node_modules\watchpack-chokidar2\node_modules\chokidar\node_modules\fsevents): npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.13: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"win32","arch":"x64"}) npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^1.2.7 (node_modules\webpack-dev-server\node_modules\chokidar\node_modules\fsevents): npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for fsevents@1.2.13: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"win32","arch":"x64"}) added 1858 packages from 804 contributors and audited 1876 packages in 167.119s 126 packages are looking for funding run `npm fund` for details found 0 vulnerabilities [INFO] Next Steps: - Go to your newly created project: cd .\aliabang - Run ionic serve within the app directory to see your app - Build features and components: https://ion.link/scaffolding-docs - Run your app on a hardware or virtual device: https://ion.link/running-docs C:\Users\USER\aliabang>cd aliabang C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang>ionic serve > react-scripts.cmd start [react-scripts] i ｢wds｣: Project is running at http://192.168.43.143/ [react-scripts] i ｢wds｣: webpack output is served from [react-scripts] i ｢wds｣: Content not from webpack is served from C:\Users\USER\aliabang\aliabang\public [react-scripts] i ｢wds｣: 404s will fallback to / [react-scripts] Starting the development server... [react-scripts] [react-scripts] You can now view aliabang in the browser. [react-scripts] Local: http://localhost:8100 [react-scripts] On Your Network: http://192.168.43.143:8100 [react-scripts] Note that the development build is not optimized. [react-scripts] To create a production build, use npm run build. [INFO] Development server running! Local: http://localhost:8100 Use Ctrl+C to quit this process [INFO] Browser window opened to http://localhost:8100!