🔵🟠 Portal Explorer — web visualization of mind-blowing portals using ray-tracing.

Modern e-commerce built with best practices in mind. MERN stack, Redux Toolkit for state management, Material UI for a delightful UI, and RESTful APIs for seamless integration. Dive in and explore!

# big-o-performance A simple html app to demonstrate performance costs of data structures. - Clone the project - Navigate to the root of the project in a termina or command prompt - Run 'npm install' - Run 'npm start' - Go to the URL specified in the terminal or command prompt to try out the app. # This app was created from the Create React App NPM. Below are instructions from that project. Below you will find some information on how to perform common tasks. You can find the most recent version of this guide [here](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/blob/master/template/README.md). ## Table of Contents - [Updating to New Releases](#updating-to-new-releases) - [Sending Feedback](#sending-feedback) - [Folder Structure](#folder-structure) - [Available Scripts](#available-scripts) - [npm start](#npm-start) - [npm run build](#npm-run-build) - [npm run eject](#npm-run-eject) - [Displaying Lint Output in the Editor](#displaying-lint-output-in-the-editor) - [Installing a Dependency](#installing-a-dependency) - [Importing a Component](#importing-a-component) - [Adding a Stylesheet](#adding-a-stylesheet) - [Post-Processing CSS](#post-processing-css) - [Adding Images and Fonts](#adding-images-and-fonts) - [Adding Bootstrap](#adding-bootstrap) - [Adding Flow](#adding-flow) - [Adding Custom Environment Variables](#adding-custom-environment-variables) - [Integrating with a Node Backend](#integrating-with-a-node-backend) - [Proxying API Requests in Development](#proxying-api-requests-in-development) - [Deployment](#deployment) - [Now](#now) - [Heroku](#heroku) - [Surge](#surge) - [GitHub Pages](#github-pages) - [Something Missing?](#something-missing) ## Updating to New Releases Create React App is divided into two packages: * `create-react-app` is a global command-line utility that you use to create new projects. * `react-scripts` is a development dependency in the generated projects (including this one). You almost never need to update `create-react-app` itself: it’s delegates all the setup to `react-scripts`. When you run `create-react-app`, it always creates the project with the latest version of `react-scripts` so you’ll get all the new features and improvements in newly created apps automatically. To update an existing project to a new version of `react-scripts`, [open the changelog](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md), find the version you’re currently on (check `package.json` in this folder if you’re not sure), and apply the migration instructions for the newer versions. In most cases bumping the `react-scripts` version in `package.json` and running `npm install` in this folder should be enough, but it’s good to consult the [changelog](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) for potential breaking changes. We commit to keeping the breaking changes minimal so you can upgrade `react-scripts` painlessly. ## Sending Feedback We are always open to [your feedback](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues). ## Folder Structure After creation, your project should look like this: ``` my-app/ README.md index.html favicon.ico node_modules/ package.json src/ App.css App.js index.css index.js logo.svg ``` For the project to build, **these files must exist with exact filenames**: * `index.html` is the page template; * `favicon.ico` is the icon you see in the browser tab; * `src/index.js` is the JavaScript entry point. You can delete or rename the other files. You may create subdirectories inside `src`. For faster rebuilds, only files inside `src` are processed by Webpack. You need to **put any JS and CSS files inside `src`**, or Webpack won’t see them. You can, however, create more top-level directories. They will not be included in the production build so you can use them for things like documentation. ## Available Scripts In the project directory, you can run: ### `npm start` Runs the app in the development mode.<br> Open [http://localhost:3000](http://localhost:3000) to view it in the browser. The page will reload if you make edits.<br> You will also see any lint errors in the console. ### `npm run build` Builds the app for production to the `build` folder.<br> It correctly bundles React in production mode and optimizes the build for the best performance. The build is minified and the filenames include the hashes.<br> Your app is ready to be deployed! ### `npm run eject` **Note: this is a one-way operation. Once you `eject`, you can’t go back!** If you aren’t satisfied with the build tool and configuration choices, you can `eject` at any time. This command will remove the single build dependency from your project. Instead, it will copy all the configuration files and the transitive dependencies (Webpack, Babel, ESLint, etc) right into your project so you have full control over them. All of the commands except `eject` will still work, but they will point to the copied scripts so you can tweak them. At this point you’re on your own. You don’t have to ever use `eject`. The curated feature set is suitable for small and middle deployments, and you shouldn’t feel obligated to use this feature. However we understand that this tool wouldn’t be useful if you couldn’t customize it when you are ready for it. ## Displaying Lint Output in the Editor >Note: this feature is available with `react-scripts@0.2.0` and higher. Some editors, including Sublime Text, Atom, and Visual Studio Code, provide plugins for ESLint. They are not required for linting. You should see the linter output right in your terminal as well as the browser console. However, if you prefer the lint results to appear right in your editor, there are some extra steps you can do. You would need to install an ESLint plugin for your editor first. >**A note for Atom `linter-eslint` users** >If you are using the Atom `linter-eslint` plugin, make sure that **Use global ESLint installation** option is checked: ><img src="http://i.imgur.com/yVNNHJM.png" width="300"> Then make sure `package.json` of your project ends with this block: ```js { // ... "eslintConfig": { "extends": "./node_modules/react-scripts/config/eslint.js" } } ``` Projects generated with `react-scripts@0.2.0` and higher should already have it. If you don’t need ESLint integration with your editor, you can safely delete those three lines from your `package.json`. Finally, you will need to install some packages *globally*: ```sh npm install -g eslint babel-eslint eslint-plugin-react eslint-plugin-import eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y eslint-plugin-flowtype ``` We recognize that this is suboptimal, but it is currently required due to the way we hide the ESLint dependency. The ESLint team is already [working on a solution to this](https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/3458) so this may become unnecessary in a couple of months. ## Installing a Dependency The generated project includes React and ReactDOM as dependencies. It also includes a set of scripts used by Create React App as a development dependency. You may install other dependencies (for example, React Router) with `npm`: ``` npm install --save <library-name> ``` ## Importing a Component This project setup supports ES6 modules thanks to Babel. While you can still use `require()` and `module.exports`, we encourage you to use [`import` and `export`](http://exploringjs.com/es6/ch_modules.html) instead. For example: ### `Button.js` ```js import React, { Component } from 'react'; class Button extends Component { render() { // ... } } export default Button; // Don’t forget to use export default! ``` ### `DangerButton.js` ```js import React, { Component } from 'react'; import Button from './Button'; // Import a component from another file class DangerButton extends Component { render() { return <Button color="red" />; } } export default DangerButton; ``` Be aware of the [difference between default and named exports](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36795819/react-native-es-6-when-should-i-use-curly-braces-for-import/36796281#36796281). It is a common source of mistakes. We suggest that you stick to using default imports and exports when a module only exports a single thing (for example, a component). That’s what you get when you use `export default Button` and `import Button from './Button'`. Named exports are useful for utility modules that export several functions. A module may have at most one default export and as many named exports as you like. Learn more about ES6 modules: * [When to use the curly braces?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36795819/react-native-es-6-when-should-i-use-curly-braces-for-import/36796281#36796281) * [Exploring ES6: Modules](http://exploringjs.com/es6/ch_modules.html) * [Understanding ES6: Modules](https://leanpub.com/understandinges6/read#leanpub-auto-encapsulating-code-with-modules) ## Adding a Stylesheet This project setup uses [Webpack](https://webpack.github.io/) for handling all assets. Webpack offers a custom way of “extending” the concept of `import` beyond JavaScript. To express that a JavaScript file depends on a CSS file, you need to **import the CSS from the JavaScript file**: ### `Button.css` ```css .Button { padding: 20px; } ``` ### `Button.js` ```js import React, { Component } from 'react'; import './Button.css'; // Tell Webpack that Button.js uses these styles class Button extends Component { render() { // You can use them as regular CSS styles return <div className="Button" />; } } ``` **This is not required for React** but many people find this feature convenient. You can read about the benefits of this approach [here](https://medium.com/seek-ui-engineering/block-element-modifying-your-javascript-components-d7f99fcab52b). However you should be aware that this makes your code less portable to other build tools and environments than Webpack. In development, expressing dependencies this way allows your styles to be reloaded on the fly as you edit them. In production, all CSS files will be concatenated into a single minified `.css` file in the build output. If you are concerned about using Webpack-specific semantics, you can put all your CSS right into `src/index.css`. It would still be imported from `src/index.js`, but you could always remove that import if you later migrate to a different build tool. ## Post-Processing CSS This project setup minifies your CSS and adds vendor prefixes to it automatically through [Autoprefixer](https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer) so you don’t need to worry about it. For example, this: ```css .App { display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; } ``` becomes this: ```css .App { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } ``` There is currently no support for preprocessors such as Less, or for sharing variables across CSS files. ## Adding Images and Fonts With Webpack, using static assets like images and fonts works similarly to CSS. You can **`import` an image right in a JavaScript module**. This tells Webpack to include that image in the bundle. Unlike CSS imports, importing an image or a font gives you a string value. This value is the final image path you can reference in your code. Here is an example: ```js import React from 'react'; import logo from './logo.png'; // Tell Webpack this JS file uses this image console.log(logo); // /logo.84287d09.png function Header() { // Import result is the URL of your image return <img src={logo} alt="Logo" />; } export default function Header; ``` This works in CSS too: ```css .Logo { background-image: url(./logo.png); } ``` Webpack finds all relative module references in CSS (they start with `./`) and replaces them with the final paths from the compiled bundle. If you make a typo or accidentally delete an important file, you will see a compilation error, just like when you import a non-existent JavaScript module. The final filenames in the compiled bundle are generated by Webpack from content hashes. If the file content changes in the future, Webpack will give it a different name in production so you don’t need to worry about long-term caching of assets. Please be advised that this is also a custom feature of Webpack. **It is not required for React** but many people enjoy it (and React Native uses a similar mechanism for images). However it may not be portable to some other environments, such as Node.js and Browserify. If you prefer to reference static assets in a more traditional way outside the module system, please let us know [in this issue](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/28), and we will consider support for this. ## Adding Bootstrap You don’t have to use [React Bootstrap](https://react-bootstrap.github.io) together with React but it is a popular library for integrating Bootstrap with React apps. If you need it, you can integrate it with Create React App by following these steps: Install React Bootstrap and Bootstrap from NPM. React Bootstrap does not include Bootstrap CSS so this needs to be installed as well: ``` npm install react-bootstrap --save npm install bootstrap@3 --save ``` Import Bootstrap CSS and optionally Bootstrap theme CSS in the ```src/index.js``` file: ```js import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css'; import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.css'; ``` Import required React Bootstrap components within ```src/App.js``` file or your custom component files: ```js import { Navbar, Jumbotron, Button } from 'react-bootstrap'; ``` Now you are ready to use the imported React Bootstrap components within your component hierarchy defined in the render method. Here is an example [`App.js`](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/gaearon/85d8c067f6af1e56277c82d19fd4da7b/raw/6158dd991b67284e9fc8d70b9d973efe87659d72/App.js) redone using React Bootstrap. ## Adding Flow Flow typing is currently [not supported out of the box](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/72) with the default `.flowconfig` generated by Flow. If you run it, you might get errors like this: ```js node_modules/fbjs/lib/Deferred.js.flow:60 60: Promise.prototype.done.apply(this._promise, arguments); ^^^^ property `done`. Property not found in 495: declare class Promise<+R> { ^ Promise. See lib: /private/tmp/flow/flowlib_34952d31/core.js:495 node_modules/fbjs/lib/shallowEqual.js.flow:29 29: return x !== 0 || 1 / (x: $FlowIssue) === 1 / (y: $FlowIssue); ^^^^^^^^^^ identifier `$FlowIssue`. Could not resolve name src/App.js:3 3: import logo from './logo.svg'; ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ./logo.svg. Required module not found src/App.js:4 4: import './App.css'; ^^^^^^^^^^^ ./App.css. Required module not found src/index.js:5 5: import './index.css'; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ./index.css. Required module not found ``` To fix this, change your `.flowconfig` to look like this: ```ini [libs] ./node_modules/fbjs/flow/lib [options] esproposal.class_static_fields=enable esproposal.class_instance_fields=enable module.name_mapper='^\(.*\)\.css$' -> 'react-scripts/config/flow/css' module.name_mapper='^\(.*\)\.\(jpg\|png\|gif\|eot\|otf\|webp\|svg\|ttf\|woff\|woff2\|mp4\|webm\)$' -> 'react-scripts/config/flow/file' suppress_type=$FlowIssue suppress_type=$FlowFixMe ``` Re-run flow, and you shouldn’t get any extra issues. If you later `eject`, you’ll need to replace `react-scripts` references with the `<PROJECT_ROOT>` placeholder, for example: ```ini module.name_mapper='^\(.*\)\.css$' -> '<PROJECT_ROOT>/config/flow/css' module.name_mapper='^\(.*\)\.\(jpg\|png\|gif\|eot\|otf\|webp\|svg\|ttf\|woff\|woff2\|mp4\|webm\)$' -> '<PROJECT_ROOT>/config/flow/file' ``` We will consider integrating more tightly with Flow in the future so that you don’t have to do this. ## Adding Custom Environment Variables >Note: this feature is available with `react-scripts@0.2.3` and higher. Your project can consume variables declared in your environment as if they were declared locally in your JS files. By default you will have `NODE_ENV` defined for you, and any other environment variables starting with `REACT_APP_`. These environment variables will be defined for you on `process.env`. For example, having an environment variable named `REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE` will be exposed in your JS as `process.env.REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE`, in addition to `process.env.NODE_ENV`. These environment variables can be useful for displaying information conditionally based on where the project is deployed or consuming sensitive data that lives outside of version control. First, you need to have environment variables defined, which can vary between OSes. For example, let's say you wanted to consume a secret defined in the environment inside a `<form>`: ```jsx render() { return ( <div> <small>You are running this application in <b>{process.env.NODE_ENV}</b> mode.</small> <form> <input type="hidden" defaultValue={process.env.REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE} /> </form> </div> ); } ``` The above form is looking for a variable called `REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE` from the environment. In order to consume this value, we need to have it defined in the environment: ### Windows (cmd.exe) ```cmd set REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE=abcdef&&npm start ``` (Note: the lack of whitespace is intentional.) ### Linux, OS X (Bash) ```bash REACT_APP_SECRET_CODE=abcdef npm start ``` > Note: Defining environment variables in this manner is temporary for the life of the shell session. Setting permanent environment variables is outside the scope of these docs. With our environment variable defined, we start the app and consume the values. Remember that the `NODE_ENV` variable will be set for you automatically. When you load the app in the browser and inspect the `<input>`, you will see its value set to `abcdef`, and the bold text will show the environment provided when using `npm start`: ```html <div> <small>You are running this application in <b>development</b> mode.</small> <form> <input type="hidden" value="abcdef" /> </form> </div> ``` Having access to the `NODE_ENV` is also useful for performing actions conditionally: ```js if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') { analytics.disable(); } ``` ## Integrating with a Node Backend Check out [this tutorial](https://www.fullstackreact.com/articles/using-create-react-app-with-a-server/) for instructions on integrating an app with a Node backend running on another port, and using `fetch()` to access it. You can find the companion GitHub repository [here](https://github.com/fullstackreact/food-lookup-demo). ## Proxying API Requests in Development >Note: this feature is available with `react-scripts@0.2.3` and higher. People often serve the front-end React app from the same host and port as their backend implementation. For example, a production setup might look like this after the app is deployed: ``` / - static server returns index.html with React app /todos - static server returns index.html with React app /api/todos - server handles any /api/* requests using the backend implementation ``` Such setup is **not** required. However, if you **do** have a setup like this, it is convenient to write requests like `fetch('/api/todos')` without worrying about redirecting them to another host or port during development. To tell the development server to proxy any unknown requests to your API server in development, add a `proxy` field to your `package.json`, for example: ```js "proxy": "http://localhost:4000", ``` This way, when you `fetch('/api/todos')` in development, the development server will recognize that it’s not a static asset, and will proxy your request to `http://localhost:4000/api/todos` as a fallback. Conveniently, this avoids [CORS issues](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21854516/understanding-ajax-cors-and-security-considerations) and error messages like this in development: ``` Fetch API cannot load http://localhost:4000/api/todos. No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://localhost:3000' is therefore not allowed access. If an opaque response serves your needs, set the request's mode to 'no-cors' to fetch the resource with CORS disabled. ``` Keep in mind that `proxy` only has effect in development (with `npm start`), and it is up to you to ensure that URLs like `/api/todos` point to the right thing in production. You don’t have to use the `/api` prefix. Any unrecognized request will be redirected to the specified `proxy`. Currently the `proxy` option only handles HTTP requests, and it won’t proxy WebSocket connections. If the `proxy` option is **not** flexible enough for you, alternatively you can: * Enable CORS on your server ([here’s how to do it for Express](http://enable-cors.org/server_expressjs.html)). * Use [environment variables](#adding-custom-environment-variables) to inject the right server host and port into your app. ## Deployment By default, Create React App produces a build assuming your app is hosted at the server root. To override this, specify the `homepage` in your `package.json`, for example: ```js "homepage": "http://mywebsite.com/relativepath", ``` This will let Create React App correctly infer the root path to use in the generated HTML file. ### Now See [this example](https://github.com/xkawi/create-react-app-now) for a zero-configuration single-command deployment with [now](https://zeit.co/now). ### Heroku Use the [Heroku Buildpack for Create React App](https://github.com/mars/create-react-app-buildpack). You can find instructions in [Deploying React with Zero Configuration](https://blog.heroku.com/deploying-react-with-zero-configuration). ### Surge Install the Surge CLI if you haven't already by running `npm install -g surge`. Run the `surge` command and log in you or create a new account. You just need to specify the *build* folder and your custom domain, and you are done. ```sh email: email@domain.com password: ******** project path: /path/to/project/build size: 7 files, 1.8 MB domain: create-react-app.surge.sh upload: [====================] 100%, eta: 0.0s propagate on CDN: [====================] 100% plan: Free users: email@domain.com IP Address: X.X.X.X Success! Project is published and running at create-react-app.surge.sh ``` Note that in order to support routers that use html5 `pushState` API, you may want to rename the `index.html` in your build folder to `200.html` before deploying to Surge. This [ensures that every URL falls back to that file](https://surge.sh/help/adding-a-200-page-for-client-side-routing). ### GitHub Pages >Note: this feature is available with `react-scripts@0.2.0` and higher. Open your `package.json` and add a `homepage` field: ```js "homepage": "http://myusername.github.io/my-app", ``` **The above step is important!** Create React App uses the `homepage` field to determine the root URL in the built HTML file. Now, whenever you run `npm run build`, you will see a cheat sheet with a sequence of commands to deploy to GitHub pages: ```sh git commit -am "Save local changes" git checkout -B gh-pages git add -f build git commit -am "Rebuild website" git filter-branch -f --prune-empty --subdirectory-filter build git push -f origin gh-pages git checkout - ``` You may copy and paste them, or put them into a custom shell script. You may also customize them for another hosting provider. Note that GitHub Pages doesn't support routers that use the HTML5 `pushState` history API under the hood (for example, React Router using `browserHistory`). This is because when there is a fresh page load for a url like `http://user.github.io/todomvc/todos/42`, where `/todos/42` is a frontend route, the GitHub Pages server returns 404 because it knows nothing of `/todos/42`. If you want to add a router to a project hosted on GitHub Pages, here are a couple of solutions: * You could switch from using HTML5 history API to routing with hashes. If you use React Router, you can switch to `hashHistory` for this effect, but the URL will be longer and more verbose (for example, `http://user.github.io/todomvc/#/todos/42?_k=yknaj`). [Read more](https://github.com/reactjs/react-router/blob/master/docs/guides/Histories.md#histories) about different history implementations in React Router. * Alternatively, you can use a trick to teach GitHub Pages to handle 404 by redirecting to your `index.html` page with a special redirect parameter. You would need to add a `404.html` file with the redirection code to the `build` folder before deploying your project, and you’ll need to add code handling the redirect parameter to `index.html`. You can find a detailed explanation of this technique [in this guide](https://github.com/rafrex/spa-github-pages). ## Something Missing? If you have ideas for more “How To” recipes that should be on this page, [let us know](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues) or [contribute some!](https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/edit/master/template/README.md)

What is JavaScript and what does it do? Before you start learning something new, it’s important to understand exactly what it is and what it does. This is especially useful when it comes to mastering a new programming language. In simple terms, JavaScript is a programming language used to make websites interactive. If you think about the basic makeup of a website, you have HTML, which describes and defines the basic content and structure of the website, then you have CSS, which tells the browser how this HTML content should be displayed—determining things like color and font. With just HTML and CSS, you have a website that looks good but doesn’t actually do much. JavaScript brings the website to life by adding functionality. JavaScript is responsible for elements that the user can interact with, such as drop-down menus, modal windows, and contact forms. It is also used to create things like animations, video players, and interactive maps. Nowadays, JavaScript is an all-purpose programming language—meaning it runs across the entire software stack. The most popular application of JavaScript is on the client side (aka frontend), but since Node.js came on the scene, many people run JavaScript on the server side (aka backend) as well. When used on the client side, JavaScript code is read, interpreted, and executed in the user’s web browser. When used on the server side, it is run on a remote computer. You can learn more about the difference between frontend and backend programming here. JavaScript isn’t only used to create websites. It can also be used to build browser-based games and, with the help of certain frameworks, mobile apps for different operating systems. The creation of new libraries and frameworks is also making it possible to build backend programs with JavaScript, such as web apps and server apps. Is it still worth learning JavaScript in 2021? The world of web development is constantly moving. With so many new tools popping up all the time, it can be extremely difficult to know where you should focus your efforts. As an aspiring developer, you’ll want to make sure that what you’re learning is still relevant in today’s industry. If you’re having doubts about JavaScript, it’s important to know that, since its creation in 1995, JavaScript is pretty much everywhere on the web—and that’s not likely to change any time soon. According to the 2020 StackOverflow developer survey, JavaScript is the most commonly used programming language for the eighth year in a row. It is currently used by 94.5% of all websites and, despite originally being designed as a client-side language, JavaScript has now made its way to the server-side of websites (thanks to Node.js), mobile devices (thanks to React Native and Ionic) and desktop (courtesy of Electron). As long as people are interacting with the web, you can assume that JavaScript is highly relevant—there’s no doubt that this is a language worth knowing! With that in mind, let’s look at some of the key benefits of becoming a JavaScript expert. Why learn JavaScript? The most obvious reason for learning JavaScript is if you have hopes of becoming a web developer. Even if you haven’t got your heart set on a tech career, being proficient in JavaScript will enable you to build websites from scratch—a pretty useful skill to have in today’s job market! If you do want to become a web developer, here are some of the main reasons why you should learn JavaScript: JavaScript experts are versatile JavaScript is an extremely versatile language. Once you’ve mastered it, the possibilities are endless: you can code on the client-side (frontend) using Angular and on the server-side (backend) using Node.js. You can also develop web, mobile, and desktop apps using React, React Native, and Electron, and you can even get involved in machine learning. If you want to become a frontend developer, JavaScript is a prerequisite. However, that’s not the only career path open to you as a JavaScript expert. Mastering this key programming language could see you go on to work in full-stack development, games development, information security software engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence—to name just a few! Ultimately, if you want any kind of development or engineering career, proficiency in JavaScript is a must. JavaScript experts are in-demand (and well-paid) JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world, so it’s no wonder that JavaScript is one of the most sought-after skills in the web development industry today. According to the Devskiller IT Skills and Hiring Report 2020, 72% of companies are looking to hire JavaScript experts. Enter the search term “JavaScript” on job site Indeed and you’ll find over 40,000 jobs requiring this skill (in the US). Run the same search on LinkedIn and the results are in excess of 125,000. At the same time, the global demand for JavaScript seems to outweigh the expertise available on the market. According to this 2018 HackerRank report, 48% of employers worldwide need developers with JavaScript skills, while only 42% of student developers claim to be proficient in JavaScript. And, in their most recent report for 2020, HackerRank once again reports that JavaScript is the most popular language that hiring mangers look for in a web developer candidate. Not only are JavaScript experts in demand—they are also well-paid. In the United States, JavaScript developers earn an average yearly salary of $111,953 per year. We’ve covered this topic in more detail in our JavaScript salary guide, but as you can see, learning JavaScript can really boost your earning potential as a developer. JavaScript is beginner-friendly Compared to many other programming languages, JavaScript offers one of the more beginner-friendly entry points into the world of coding. The great thing about JavaScript is that it comes installed on every modern web browser—there’s no need to set up any kind of development environment, which means you can start coding with JavaScript right away! Another advantage of learning JavaScript as your first programming language is that you get instant feedback; with a minimal amount of JavaScript code, you’ll immediately see visible results. There’s also a huge JavaScript community on sites like Stack Overflow, so you’ll find plenty of support as you learn. Not only is JavaScript beginner-friendly; it will also set you up with some extremely valuable transferable skills. JavaScript supports object-oriented, functional, and imperative styles of programming—skills which can be transferred to any new language you might learn later on, such as Python, Java, or C++. JavaScript provides a crucial introduction to key principles and practices that you’ll take with you throughout your career as a developer. Should you learn plain JavaScript first or can you skip to frameworks and libraries? When deciding whether or not to learn JavaScript, what you’re really asking is whether or not you should learn “vanilla” JavaScript. Vanilla JavaScript just means plain JavaScript without any libraries or frameworks. Let’s explore what this means in more detail now. What is meant by vanilla JavaScript, libraries, and frameworks? If you research the term “vanilla JavaScript”, you might run into some confusion; however, all you need to know is that vanilla JavaScript is used to refer to native, standards-based, non-extended JavaScript. There is no difference between vanilla JavaScript and JavaScript—it’s just there to emphasize the usage of plain JavaScript without the use of libraries and frameworks. So what are libraries and frameworks? JavaScript libraries and frameworks both contain sets of prewritten, ready-to-use JavaScript code—but they’re not the same thing. You can think of a framework as your blueprint for building a website: it gives you a structure to work from, and contains ready-made components and tools that help you to build certain elements much quicker than if you were to code them from scratch. Some popular JavaScript frameworks include Angular, React, Vue, and Node.js. Frameworks also contain libraries. Libraries are smaller than frameworks, and tend to be used for more specific cases. A JavaScript library contains sets of JavaScript code which can be called upon to implement certain functions and features. Let’s imagine you want to code a particular element into your website. You could write, say, ten lines of JavaScript from scratch—or you could take the condensed, ready-made version from your chosen JavaScript library. Some examples of JavaScript libraries include jQuery, Lodash, and Underscore. The easiest way to understand how frameworks and libraries work together is to imagine you are building a house. The framework provides the foundation and the structure, while the library enables you to add in ready-made components (like furniture) rather than building your own from scratch. You can learn more about the relationship between languages and libraries in this post explaining the main differences between JavaScript and jQuery. For now, let’s go back to our original question: How important is it to learn vanilla JavaScript? Should you learn vanilla JavaScript first? When it comes to learning JavaScript, it can be tempting to skip ahead to those time-saving frameworks and libraries we just talked about—and many developers do. However, there are many compelling arguments for learning plain JavaScript first. While JavaScript frameworks may help you get the job done quicker, there’s only so far you can go if you don’t understand the core concepts behind these frameworks. Frontend developer Abhishek Nagekar describes how not learning vanilla JavaScript came back to bite him when he started learning the JavaScript frameworks Node and Express: “As I went to write more and more code in Node and Express, I began to get stuck at even the tiniest problems. Suddenly, I was surrounded with words like callbacks, closures, event loop and prototype. It felt like I got a reintroduction to JavaScript, but this time, it was not a toddler playing in its cradle, it was something of a mysterious monster, challenging me on every other step for not having taken it seriously.” The above Tweet references a long-running joke within the developer community, and although it dates way back to 2015, it’s still highly relevant today. If you want to become a developer who can innovate, not just execute, you need to understand the underlying principles of the web—not just the shortcuts. This means learning vanilla JavaScript before you move on to frameworks. In fact, understanding plain JavaScript will help you later on when it comes to deciding whether to use a framework for a certain project, and if so, which framework to use. Why Study JavaScript? JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn: 1. HTML to define the content of web pages 2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages 3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages Learning Speed In this tutorial, the learning speed is your choice. Everything is up to you. If you are struggling, take a break, or re-read the material. Always make sure you understand all the "Try-it-Yourself" examples. The only way to become a clever programmer is to: Practice. Practice. Practice. Code. Code. Code ! Commonly Asked Questions How do I get JavaScript? Where can I download JavaScript? Is JavaScript Free? You don't have to get or download JavaScript. JavaScript is already running in your browser on your computer, on your tablet, and on your smart-phone. JavaScript is free to use for everyone.

Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, p. 1. Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 55. Definition of AI as the study of intelligent agents: Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998), which provides the version that is used in this article. These authors use the term "computational intelligence" as a synonym for artificial intelligence.[1] Russell & Norvig (2003) (who prefer the term "rational agent") and write "The whole-agent view is now widely accepted in the field".[2] Nilsson 1998 Legg & Hutter 2007 Russell & Norvig 2009, p. 2. McCorduck 2004, p. 204 Maloof, Mark. "Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction, p. 37" (PDF). georgetown.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2018. "How AI Is Getting Groundbreaking Changes In Talent Management And HR Tech". Hackernoon. Archived from the original on 11 September 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Schank, Roger C. (1991). "Where's the AI". AI magazine. Vol. 12 no. 4. p. 38. Russell & Norvig 2009. "AlphaGo – Google DeepMind". Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Allen, Gregory (April 2020). "Department of Defense Joint AI Center - Understanding AI Technology" (PDF). AI.mil - The official site of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020. Optimism of early AI: * Herbert Simon quote: Simon 1965, p. 96 quoted in Crevier 1993, p. 109. * Marvin Minsky quote: Minsky 1967, p. 2 quoted in Crevier 1993, p. 109. Boom of the 1980s: rise of expert systems, Fifth Generation Project, Alvey, MCC, SCI: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 426–441 * Crevier 1993, pp. 161–162,197–203, 211, 240 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24 * NRC 1999, pp. 210–211 * Newquist 1994, pp. 235–248 First AI Winter, Mansfield Amendment, Lighthill report * Crevier 1993, pp. 115–117 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22 * NRC 1999, pp. 212–213 * Howe 1994 * Newquist 1994, pp. 189–201 Second AI winter: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 430–435 * Crevier 1993, pp. 209–210 * NRC 1999, pp. 214–216 * Newquist 1994, pp. 301–318 AI becomes hugely successful in the early 21st century * Clark 2015 Pamela McCorduck (2004, p. 424) writes of "the rough shattering of AI in subfields—vision, natural language, decision theory, genetic algorithms, robotics ... and these with own sub-subfield—that would hardly have anything to say to each other." This list of intelligent traits is based on the topics covered by the major AI textbooks, including: * Russell & Norvig 2003 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004 * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998 * Nilsson 1998 Kolata 1982. Maker 2006. Biological intelligence vs. intelligence in general: Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 2–3, who make the analogy with aeronautical engineering. McCorduck 2004, pp. 100–101, who writes that there are "two major branches of artificial intelligence: one aimed at producing intelligent behavior regardless of how it was accomplished, and the other aimed at modeling intelligent processes found in nature, particularly human ones." Kolata 1982, a paper in Science, which describes McCarthy's indifference to biological models. Kolata quotes McCarthy as writing: "This is AI, so we don't care if it's psychologically real".[19] McCarthy recently reiterated his position at the AI@50 conference where he said "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence".[20]. Neats vs. scruffies: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 421–424, 486–489 * Crevier 1993, p. 168 * Nilsson 1983, pp. 10–11 Symbolic vs. sub-symbolic AI: * Nilsson (1998, p. 7), who uses the term "sub-symbolic". General intelligence (strong AI) is discussed in popular introductions to AI: * Kurzweil 1999 and Kurzweil 2005 See the Dartmouth proposal, under Philosophy, below. McCorduck 2004, p. 34. McCorduck 2004, p. xviii. McCorduck 2004, p. 3. McCorduck 2004, pp. 340–400. This is a central idea of Pamela McCorduck's Machines Who Think. She writes: "I like to think of artificial intelligence as the scientific apotheosis of a venerable cultural tradition."[26] "Artificial intelligence in one form or another is an idea that has pervaded Western intellectual history, a dream in urgent need of being realized."[27] "Our history is full of attempts—nutty, eerie, comical, earnest, legendary and real—to make artificial intelligences, to reproduce what is the essential us—bypassing the ordinary means. Back and forth between myth and reality, our imaginations supplying what our workshops couldn't, we have engaged for a long time in this odd form of self-reproduction."[28] She traces the desire back to its Hellenistic roots and calls it the urge to "forge the Gods."[29] "Stephen Hawking believes AI could be mankind's last accomplishment". BetaNews. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Lombardo P, Boehm I, Nairz K (2020). "RadioComics – Santa Claus and the future of radiology". Eur J Radiol. 122 (1): 108771. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108771. PMID 31835078. Ford, Martin; Colvin, Geoff (6 September 2015). "Will robots create more jobs than they destroy?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018. AI applications widely used behind the scenes: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 28 * Kurzweil 2005, p. 265 * NRC 1999, pp. 216–222 * Newquist 1994, pp. 189–201 AI in myth: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 4–5 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 939 AI in early science fiction. * McCorduck 2004, pp. 17–25 Formal reasoning: * Berlinski, David (2000). The Advent of the Algorithm. Harcourt Books. ISBN 978-0-15-601391-8. OCLC 46890682. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Turing, Alan (1948), "Machine Intelligence", in Copeland, B. Jack (ed.), The Essential Turing: The ideas that gave birth to the computer age, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 412, ISBN 978-0-19-825080-7 Russell & Norvig 2009, p. 16. Dartmouth conference: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 111–136 * Crevier 1993, pp. 47–49, who writes "the conference is generally recognized as the official birthdate of the new science." * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 17, who call the conference "the birth of artificial intelligence." * NRC 1999, pp. 200–201 McCarthy, John (1988). "Review of The Question of Artificial Intelligence". Annals of the History of Computing. 10 (3): 224–229., collected in McCarthy, John (1996). "10. Review of The Question of Artificial Intelligence". Defending AI Research: A Collection of Essays and Reviews. CSLI., p. 73, "[O]ne of the reasons for inventing the term "artificial intelligence" was to escape association with "cybernetics". Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert (not Robert) Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him." Hegemony of the Dartmouth conference attendees: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 17, who write "for the next 20 years the field would be dominated by these people and their students." * McCorduck 2004, pp. 129–130 Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 18. Schaeffer J. (2009) Didn't Samuel Solve That Game?. In: One Jump Ahead. Springer, Boston, MA Samuel, A. L. (July 1959). "Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 3 (3): 210–229. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.2254. doi:10.1147/rd.33.0210. "Golden years" of AI (successful symbolic reasoning programs 1956–1973): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 243–252 * Crevier 1993, pp. 52–107 * Moravec 1988, p. 9 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 18–21 The programs described are Arthur Samuel's checkers program for the IBM 701, Daniel Bobrow's STUDENT, Newell and Simon's Logic Theorist and Terry Winograd's SHRDLU. DARPA pours money into undirected pure research into AI during the 1960s: * McCorduck 2004, p. 131 * Crevier 1993, pp. 51, 64–65 * NRC 1999, pp. 204–205 AI in England: * Howe 1994 Lighthill 1973. Expert systems: * ACM 1998, I.2.1 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 22–24 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227–331 * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 17.4 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 327–335, 434–435 * Crevier 1993, pp. 145–62, 197–203 * Newquist 1994, pp. 155–183 Mead, Carver A.; Ismail, Mohammed (8 May 1989). Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems (PDF). The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science. 80. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1639-8. ISBN 978-1-4613-1639-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020. Formal methods are now preferred ("Victory of the neats"): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 25–26 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 486–487 McCorduck 2004, pp. 480–483. Markoff 2011. 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Cognitive Systems Research. 48: 39–55. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001. hdl:2318/1665207. S2CID 206868967. Problem solving, puzzle solving, game playing and deduction: * Russell & Norvig 2003, chpt. 3–9, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, chpt. 2,3,7,9, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, chpt. 3,4,6,8, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 7–12 Uncertain reasoning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 452–644, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 345–395, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 333–381, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 19 Psychological evidence of sub-symbolic reasoning: * Wason & Shapiro (1966) showed that people do poorly on completely abstract problems, but if the problem is restated to allow the use of intuitive social intelligence, performance dramatically improves. (See Wason selection task) * Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky (1982) have shown that people are terrible at elementary problems that involve uncertain reasoning. (See list of cognitive biases for several examples). * Lakoff & Núñez (2000) have controversially argued that even our skills at mathematics depend on knowledge and skills that come from "the body", i.e. sensorimotor and perceptual skills. (See Where Mathematics Comes From) Knowledge representation: * ACM 1998, I.2.4, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320–363, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 23–46, 69–81, 169–196, 235–277, 281–298, 319–345, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227–243, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18 Knowledge engineering: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 260–266, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 199–233, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. ≈17.1–17.4 Representing categories and relations: Semantic networks, description logics, inheritance (including frames and scripts): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 349–354, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 174–177, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 248–258, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.3 Representing events and time:Situation calculus, event calculus, fluent calculus (including solving the frame problem): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 328–341, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–298, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.2 Causal calculus: * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 335–337 Representing knowledge about knowledge: Belief calculus, modal logics: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 341–344, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 275–277 Sikos, Leslie F. (June 2017). Description Logics in Multimedia Reasoning. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54066-5. ISBN 978-3-319-54066-5. S2CID 3180114. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Ontology: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320–328 Smoliar, Stephen W.; Zhang, HongJiang (1994). "Content based video indexing and retrieval". IEEE Multimedia. 1 (2): 62–72. doi:10.1109/93.311653. S2CID 32710913. Neumann, Bernd; Möller, Ralf (January 2008). "On scene interpretation with description logics". Image and Vision Computing. 26 (1): 82–101. doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2007.08.013. Kuperman, G. J.; Reichley, R. M.; Bailey, T. C. (1 July 2006). "Using Commercial Knowledge Bases for Clinical Decision Support: Opportunities, Hurdles, and Recommendations". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 13 (4): 369–371. doi:10.1197/jamia.M2055. PMC 1513681. PMID 16622160. MCGARRY, KEN (1 December 2005). "A survey of interestingness measures for knowledge discovery". The Knowledge Engineering Review. 20 (1): 39–61. doi:10.1017/S0269888905000408. S2CID 14987656. Bertini, M; Del Bimbo, A; Torniai, C (2006). "Automatic annotation and semantic retrieval of video sequences using multimedia ontologies". MM '06 Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia. 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia. Santa Barbara: ACM. pp. 679–682. Qualification problem: * McCarthy & Hayes 1969 * Russell & Norvig 2003[page needed] While McCarthy was primarily concerned with issues in the logical representation of actions, Russell & Norvig 2003 apply the term to the more general issue of default reasoning in the vast network of assumptions underlying all our commonsense knowledge. Default reasoning and default logic, non-monotonic logics, circumscription, closed world assumption, abduction (Poole et al. places abduction under "default reasoning". Luger et al. places this under "uncertain reasoning"): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 354–360, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 248–256, 323–335, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 335–363, * Nilsson 1998, ~18.3.3 Breadth of commonsense knowledge: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 21, * Crevier 1993, pp. 113–114, * Moravec 1988, p. 13, * Lenat & Guha 1989 (Introduction) Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986. Gladwell 2005. Expert knowledge as embodied intuition: * Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986 (Hubert Dreyfus is a philosopher and critic of AI who was among the first to argue that most useful human knowledge was encoded sub-symbolically. See Dreyfus' critique of AI) * Gladwell 2005 (Gladwell's Blink is a popular introduction to sub-symbolic reasoning and knowledge.) * Hawkins & Blakeslee 2005 (Hawkins argues that sub-symbolic knowledge should be the primary focus of AI research.) Planning: * ACM 1998, ~I.2.8, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 375–459, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–316, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 314–329, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 10.1–2, 22 Information value theory: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 600–604 Classical planning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 375–430, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–315, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 314–329, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 10.1–2, 22 Planning and acting in non-deterministic domains: conditional planning, execution monitoring, replanning and continuous planning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 430–449 Multi-agent planning and emergent behavior: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 449–455 Turing 1950. Solomonoff 1956. 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Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020. Machine perception: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 537–581, 863–898 * Nilsson 1998, ~chpt. 6 Speech recognition: * ACM 1998, ~I.2.7 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 568–578 Object recognition: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 885–892 Computer vision: * ACM 1998, I.2.10 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 863–898 * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 6 Robotics: * ACM 1998, I.2.9, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 901–942, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 443–460 Moving and configuration space: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 916–932 Tecuci 2012. Robotic mapping (localization, etc): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 908–915 Cadena, Cesar; Carlone, Luca; Carrillo, Henry; Latif, Yasir; Scaramuzza, Davide; Neira, Jose; Reid, Ian; Leonard, John J. (December 2016). "Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Toward the Robust-Perception Age". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 32 (6): 1309–1332. arXiv:1606.05830. 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S2CID 9588126. Thro 1993. Edelson 1991. Tao & Tan 2005. Poria, Soujanya; Cambria, Erik; Bajpai, Rajiv; Hussain, Amir (September 2017). "A review of affective computing: From unimodal analysis to multimodal fusion". Information Fusion. 37: 98–125. doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2017.02.003. hdl:1893/25490. Emotion and affective computing: * Minsky 2006 Waddell, Kaveh (2018). "Chatbots Have Entered the Uncanny Valley". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018. Pennachin, C.; Goertzel, B. (2007). Contemporary Approaches to Artificial General Intelligence. Artificial General Intelligence. Cognitive Technologies. Cognitive Technologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68677-4_1. ISBN 978-3-540-23733-4. Roberts, Jacob (2016). "Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence". Distillations. Vol. 2 no. 2. pp. 14–23. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018. "The superhero of artificial intelligence: can this genius keep it in check?". the Guardian. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018. Mnih, Volodymyr; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Silver, David; Rusu, Andrei A.; Veness, Joel; Bellemare, Marc G.; Graves, Alex; Riedmiller, Martin; Fidjeland, Andreas K.; Ostrovski, Georg; Petersen, Stig; Beattie, Charles; Sadik, Amir; Antonoglou, Ioannis; King, Helen; Kumaran, Dharshan; Wierstra, Daan; Legg, Shane; Hassabis, Demis (26 February 2015). "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning". Nature. 518 (7540): 529–533. Bibcode:2015Natur.518..529M. doi:10.1038/nature14236. PMID 25719670. S2CID 205242740. Sample, Ian (14 March 2017). "Google's DeepMind makes AI program that can learn like a human". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018. "From not working to neural networking". The Economist. 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2018. Domingos 2015. Artificial brain arguments: AI requires a simulation of the operation of the human brain * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 957 * Crevier 1993, pp. 271 and 279 A few of the people who make some form of the argument: * Moravec 1988 * Kurzweil 2005, p. 262 * Hawkins & Blakeslee 2005 The most extreme form of this argument (the brain replacement scenario) was put forward by Clark Glymour in the mid-1970s and was touched on by Zenon Pylyshyn and John Searle in 1980. Goertzel, Ben; Lian, Ruiting; Arel, Itamar; de Garis, Hugo; Chen, Shuo (December 2010). "A world survey of artificial brain projects, Part II: Biologically inspired cognitive architectures". Neurocomputing. 74 (1–3): 30–49. doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2010.08.012. Nilsson 1983, p. 10. Nils Nilsson writes: "Simply put, there is wide disagreement in the field about what AI is all about."[163] AI's immediate precursors: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 51–107 * Crevier 1993, pp. 27–32 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 15, 940 * Moravec 1988, p. 3 Haugeland 1985, pp. 112–117 The most dramatic case of sub-symbolic AI being pushed into the background was the devastating critique of perceptrons by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert in 1969. See History of AI, AI winter, or Frank Rosenblatt. Cognitive simulation, Newell and Simon, AI at CMU (then called Carnegie Tech): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 139–179, 245–250, 322–323 (EPAM) * Crevier 1993, pp. 145–149 Soar (history): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 450–451 * Crevier 1993, pp. 258–263 McCarthy and AI research at SAIL and SRI International: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 251–259 * Crevier 1993 AI research at Edinburgh and in France, birth of Prolog: * Crevier 1993, pp. 193–196 * Howe 1994 AI at MIT under Marvin Minsky in the 1960s : * McCorduck 2004, pp. 259–305 * Crevier 1993, pp. 83–102, 163–176 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 19 Cyc: * McCorduck 2004, p. 489, who calls it "a determinedly scruffy enterprise" * Crevier 1993, pp. 239–243 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 363−365 * Lenat & Guha 1989 Knowledge revolution: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 266–276, 298–300, 314, 421 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 22–23 Frederick, Hayes-Roth; William, Murray; Leonard, Adelman. "Expert systems". AccessScience. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.248550. Embodied approaches to AI: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 454–462 * Brooks 1990 * Moravec 1988 Weng et al. 2001. Lungarella et al. 2003. Asada et al. 2009. Oudeyer 2010. Revival of connectionism: * Crevier 1993, pp. 214–215 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 25 Computational intelligence * IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Hutson, Matthew (16 February 2018). "Artificial intelligence faces reproducibility crisis". Science. pp. 725–726. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..725H. doi:10.1126/science.359.6377.725. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018. Norvig 2012. Langley 2011. Katz 2012. The intelligent agent paradigm: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 27, 32–58, 968–972 * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 7–21 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 235–240 * Hutter 2005, pp. 125–126 The definition used in this article, in terms of goals, actions, perception and environment, is due to Russell & Norvig (2003). Other definitions also include knowledge and learning as additional criteria. Agent architectures, hybrid intelligent systems: * Russell & Norvig (2003, pp. 27, 932, 970–972) * Nilsson (1998, chpt. 25) Hierarchical control system: * Albus 2002 Lieto, Antonio; Lebiere, Christian; Oltramari, Alessandro (May 2018). "The knowledge level in cognitive architectures: Current limitations and possibile developments". Cognitive Systems Research. 48: 39–55. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001. hdl:2318/1665207. S2CID 206868967. Lieto, Antonio; Bhatt, Mehul; Oltramari, Alessandro; Vernon, David (May 2018). "The role of cognitive architectures in general artificial intelligence". Cognitive Systems Research. 48: 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.08.003. hdl:2318/1665249. S2CID 36189683. Russell & Norvig 2009, p. 1. White Paper: On Artificial Intelligence - A European approach to excellence and trust (PDF). Brussels: European Commission. 2020. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020. CNN 2006. Using AI to predict flight delays Archived 20 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Ishti.org. N. Aletras; D. Tsarapatsanis; D. Preotiuc-Pietro; V. Lampos (2016). "Predicting judicial decisions of the European Court of Human Rights: a Natural Language Processing perspective". PeerJ Computer Science. 2: e93. doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.93. "The Economist Explains: Why firms are piling into artificial intelligence". The Economist. 31 March 2016. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016. Lohr, Steve (28 February 2016). "The Promise of Artificial Intelligence Unfolds in Small Steps". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. Frangoul, Anmar (14 June 2019). "A Californian business is using A.I. to change the way we think about energy storage". CNBC. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2019. Wakefield, Jane (15 June 2016). "Social media 'outstrips TV' as news source for young people". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Smith, Mark (22 July 2016). "So you think you chose to read this article?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Brown, Eileen. "Half of Americans do not believe deepfake news could target them online". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019. The Turing test: Turing's original publication: * Turing 1950 Historical influence and philosophical implications: * Haugeland 1985, pp. 6–9 * Crevier 1993, p. 24 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 70–71 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 2–3 and 948 Dartmouth proposal: * McCarthy et al. 1955 (the original proposal) * Crevier 1993, p. 49 (historical significance) The physical symbol systems hypothesis: * Newell & Simon 1976, p. 116 * McCorduck 2004, p. 153 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 18 Dreyfus 1992, p. 156. Dreyfus criticized the necessary condition of the physical symbol system hypothesis, which he called the "psychological assumption": "The mind can be viewed as a device operating on bits of information according to formal rules."[206] Dreyfus' critique of artificial intelligence: * Dreyfus 1972, Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986 * Crevier 1993, pp. 120–132 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 211–239 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 950–952, Gödel 1951: in this lecture, Kurt Gödel uses the incompleteness theorem to arrive at the following disjunction: (a) the human mind is not a consistent finite machine, or (b) there exist Diophantine equations for which it cannot decide whether solutions exist. Gödel finds (b) implausible, and thus seems to have believed the human mind was not equivalent to a finite machine, i.e., its power exceeded that of any finite machine. He recognized that this was only a conjecture, since one could never disprove (b). Yet he considered the disjunctive conclusion to be a "certain fact". The Mathematical Objection: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 949 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 448–449 Making the Mathematical Objection: * Lucas 1961 * Penrose 1989 Refuting Mathematical Objection: * Turing 1950 under "(2) The Mathematical Objection" * Hofstadter 1979 Background: * Gödel 1931, Church 1936, Kleene 1935, Turing 1937 Graham Oppy (20 January 2015). "Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016. These Gödelian anti-mechanist arguments are, however, problematic, and there is wide consensus that they fail. Stuart J. Russell; Peter Norvig (2010). "26.1.2: Philosophical Foundations/Weak AI: Can Machines Act Intelligently?/The mathematical objection". Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-604259-4. even if we grant that computers have limitations on what they can prove, there is no evidence that humans are immune from those limitations. Mark Colyvan. An introduction to the philosophy of mathematics. Cambridge University Press, 2012. From 2.2.2, 'Philosophical significance of Gödel's incompleteness results': "The accepted wisdom (with which I concur) is that the Lucas-Penrose arguments fail." Iphofen, Ron; Kritikos, Mihalis (3 January 2019). "Regulating artificial intelligence and robotics: ethics by design in a digital society". Contemporary Social Science: 1–15. doi:10.1080/21582041.2018.1563803. ISSN 2158-2041. "Ethical AI Learns Human Rights Framework". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2019. Crevier 1993, pp. 132–144. In the early 1970s, Kenneth Colby presented a version of Weizenbaum's ELIZA known as DOCTOR which he promoted as a serious therapeutic tool.[216] Joseph Weizenbaum's critique of AI: * Weizenbaum 1976 * Crevier 1993, pp. 132–144 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 356–373 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 961 Weizenbaum (the AI researcher who developed the first chatterbot program, ELIZA) argued in 1976 that the misuse of artificial intelligence has the potential to devalue human life. Wendell Wallach (2010). Moral Machines, Oxford University Press. Wallach, pp 37–54. Wallach, pp 55–73. Wallach, Introduction chapter. Michael Anderson and Susan Leigh Anderson (2011), Machine Ethics, Cambridge University Press. "Machine Ethics". aaai.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Rubin, Charles (Spring 2003). "Artificial Intelligence and Human Nature". The New Atlantis. 1: 88–100. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012. Brooks, Rodney (10 November 2014). "artificial intelligence is a tool, not a threat". Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. "Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates Warn About Artificial Intelligence". Observer. 19 August 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Chalmers, David (1995). "Facing up to the problem of consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 2 (3): 200–219. Archived from the original on 8 March 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2018. See also this link Archived 8 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine Horst, Steven, (2005) "The Computational Theory of Mind" Archived 11 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Searle 1980, p. 1. This version is from Searle (1999), and is also quoted in Dennett 1991, p. 435. Searle's original formulation was "The appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states." [230] Strong AI is defined similarly by Russell & Norvig (2003, p. 947): "The assertion that machines could possibly act intelligently

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🧠 Unlock your mind with Memory Palace: Explore AI-guided Memory Palaces to master the Loci method, generate vivid imagery, and enhance recall with innovative tools like GPT-4o and DALL-E 3. Perfect for sharpening your memory skills one step at a time!

A TypeScript Model Context Protocol (MCP) server to allow LLMs to programmatically construct mind maps to explore an idea space, with enforced "metacognitive" self-reflection

Meditation App, Explore the app, Find some peace of mind to prepare for meditation.

MindLink is an open source system which combines EEG and facial expressions to classify emotions of human. This is a project lunched by MindLink-Exploring developers.

Welcome to MR Portfolio, a showcase of my creative journey in the world of 3D art and technology. As the mind behind this interactive experience, I've utilized cutting-edge technologies like Three.js to bring my imagination to life. Explore a fusion of art and innovation as you navigate through my digital realm.

A project exploring the possibilities of mind maps.

Python streamlit app to uncover the brilliance: explore profiles, groundbreaking work, and cutting-edge research by the exceptional minds of Coventry University.

We have to build recommender system which recommends tourist travel locations based on his previous rated venues. Recommended engine is build on an observation that tourist always try to explore places which are nearby first. Let’s consider an example for simplifying things. Bob arrived in Toronto and wants to visit top places in Toronto, If he starts exploring a particular neighbourhood, he wants to finish exploring all good places in that neighbourhood before moving to other neighbourhood. Keeping this in mind we have to recommend tourist a neighbourhood, with venues where he can visit. We will be using location data to get best spots in neighbourhood. For getting location data we will use Foursquare API.

The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (or MBTI for short) is a personality type system that divides everyone into 16 distinct personality types across 4 axis: Introversion (I) – Extroversion (E) Intuition (N) – Sensing (S) Thinking (T) – Feeling (F) Judging (J) – Perceiving (P) (More can be learned about what these mean here) So for example, someone who prefers introversion, intuition, thinking and perceiving would be labelled an INTP in the MBTI system, and there are lots of personality based components that would model or describe this person’s preferences or behaviour based on the label. It is one of, if not the, the most popular personality test in the world. It is used in businesses, online, for fun, for research and lots more. A simple google search reveals all of the different ways the test has been used over time. It’s safe to say that this test is still very relevant in the world in terms of its use. From scientific or psychological perspective it is based on the work done on cognitive functions by Carl Jung i.e. Jungian Typology. This was a model of 8 distinct functions, thought processes or ways of thinking that were suggested to be present in the mind. Later this work was transformed into several different personality systems to make it more accessible, the most popular of which is of course the MBTI. Recently, its use/validity has come into question because of unreliability in experiments surrounding it, among other reasons. But it is still clung to as being a very useful tool in a lot of areas, and the purpose of this dataset is to help see if any patterns can be detected in specific types and their style of writing, which overall explores the validity of the test in analysing, predicting or categorising behaviour. Content This dataset contains over 8600 rows of data, on each row is a person’s: Type (This persons 4 letter MBTI code/type) A section of each of the last 50 things they have posted (Each entry separated by "|||" (3 pipe characters)) Acknowledgements This data was collected through the PersonalityCafe forum, as it provides a large selection of people and their MBTI personality type, as well as what they have written. Inspiration Some basic uses could include: Use machine learning to evaluate the MBTIs validity and ability to predict language styles and behaviour online. Production of a machine learning algorithm that can attempt to determine a person’s personality type based on some text they have written.

{ "اللغة الإنجليزية"، "startmenu.new_game": "لعبة جديدة" ، "startmenu.multiplayer": "MULTIPLAYER" ، "startmenu.resume_game": "استئناف اللعبة" ، "startmenu.settings": "الإعدادات"، "startmenu.high_score": "High Score"، "startmenu.throne_room": "Throne Room"، "startmenu.about": "حول"، "news.title": "أخبار بوليتوبيا"، "news.description": "مرحبًا! \ n هذا هو المكان الذي نشارك فيه آخر الأخبار من عالم Polytopia. ترقبوا!"، "gamemodepicker.title": "GAME MODE"، "tribepicker.title": "اختر قبلتك" ، "tribepicker.categories.humantribes": "القبائل العادية" ، "tribepicker.categories.specialtribes": "القبائل الخاصة" ، "tribepicker.categories.specialtribes.description": "مجموعة من القبائل التي هي خارج هذا العالم قليلاً ..."، "tribepicker.categories.random": "دع المصير يقرر!" ، "tribepicker.categories.random.button": "القبيلة العشوائية" ، "tribepicker.categories.random.selected.title": "Alakazam!"، "tribepicker.categories.random.selected.text": "تم اختيار القبيلة العشوائية"، "tribepicker.restore": "استعادة المشتريات"، "tribepicker.restoring": "استعادة ..."، "tribepicker.reset": "إعادة تعيين المشتريات"، "tribepicker.tba": "TBA"، "tribepicker.underconstruction": "قيد الإنشاء" ، "tribepicker.underconstruction.description": "ما زلنا نعمل على ابتكار هذه القبيلة. زراعة الفاكهة وتطوير اللغات والعمارة. هذا يستغرق وقتًا كما تعلم. تابعMidjiwan على Instagram أو Twitter وستكون أول من يعرف متى القبائل الجديدة يصل!"، "tribepicker.freetribe": "Free Tribe" ، "tribepicker.freetribe.description": "هذه القبيلة متاحة مجانًا ولا يمكن شراؤها لتمكين اللاعبين المتعددين عبر الإنترنت."، "tribepicker.taken": "مأخوذة"، "tribepicker.enable": "تمكين" ، "tribepicker.disable": "تعطيل"، "tribepicker.disabled": "معطل"، "tribepicker.disabled.description": "القبيلة معطلة ، لا يمكن استخدامها من قبلك أو من قبل منظمة العفو الدولية."، "tribepicker.pick": "PICK"، "tribepicker.yourname": "اسمك" ، "tribepicker.anonymous": "مجهول"، "tribepicker.firstplayer": "يجب أن يكون اللاعب الأول إنسانًا" ، "tribepicker.pickyour": "اختر قبيلتك" ، "tribepicker.playertype": "نوع اللاعب"، "tribepicker.news.readmore": "قراءة المزيد ..."، "tribepicker.toprating": "أعلى تقييم {0}٪"، "tribepicker.toprating.next": "{0}٪ مطلوب للنجم التالي"، "tribepicker.topscore": "أعلى نتيجة {0}"، "tribepicker.topscore.next": "{0} للنجمة التالية"، "tribepicker.players": "{0} players"، "tribepicker.mapsize": "حجم الخريطة: {0} مربعات"، "tribepicker.gamemode": "وضع اللعبة: {0}"، "gamesettings.title": "إعداد اللعبة"، "gamesettings.yourname": "اسمك" ، "gamesettings.anonymous": "مجهول"، "gamesettings.gamename": "اسم اللعبة"، "gamesettings.game": "اللعبة {0}"، "gamesettings.players": "اللاعبون"، "gamesettings.opponents": "المعارضون" ، "gamesettings.unlockmore": "افتح قفل المزيد من القبائل لتلعب مع المزيد من الخصوم" ، "gamesettings.notavailable": "غير متوفر" ، "gamesettings.info.multiplayer": "{0} اللاعبون ، {1} خريطة المربعات" ، "gamesettings.info.local": "{0} المعارضون ، {1} خريطة المربعات" ، "gamesettings.info.turnlimit30": "، 30 turn limit"، "gamesettings.info.difficulty.bonus": "مكافأة الصعوبة: {0}٪"، "gamesettings.difficulty": "صعوبة"، "gamesettings.difficulty.easy": "سهل"، "gamesettings.difficulty.normal": "عادي"، "gamesettings.difficulty.hard": "صعب" ، "gamesettings.difficulty.crazy": "مجنون" ، "gamesettings.startgame": "START GAME" ، "gamesettings.creatingworld": "CREATING WORLD" ، "gamesettings.mode": "Game Mode"، "gamesettings.createslot": "إنشاء فتحة لعبة ..."، "gamesettings.createslot.error": "خطأ في إنشاء اللعبة" ، "gamesettings.createslot.error.info": "تأكد من اتصالك بالإنترنت وحاول مرة أخرى."، "gamesettings.size": "حجم الخريطة"، "gamesettings.size.tiny": "صغيرة" ، "gamesettings.size.normal": "عادي"، "gamesettings.size.large": "كبير" ، "gamesettings.size.disabled": "غير متوفر"، "gamesettings.network": "الشبكة"، "gamesettings.network.online": "عبر الإنترنت" ، "gamesettings.network.passplay": "Pass & Play"، "gamesettings.online.disabled": "الإنترنت مغلق" ، "gamesettings.online.disabled.info": "هناك بعض الأشياء التي تحتاج إلى إصلاحها للعب متعددة اللاعبين عبر الإنترنت" ، "gamesettings.online.info": "العب مع أصدقائك عبر الإنترنت باستخدام خادمنا المتعدد اللاعبين."، "gamesettings.passplay.info": "العب مع أصدقائك في وضع عدم الاتصال على هذا الجهاز عن طريق تمريره."، "gamesettings.size.tiles": "{0} خريطة المربعات."، "gamesettings.continue": "متابعة"، "gamemode.perfection.caps": "الكمال" ، "gamemode.perfection": "الكمال" ، "gamemode.perfection.description.button": "أظهر مهاراتك على النقطة العالمية في اللعبة الكلاسيكية 30 دورة." ، "gamemode.perfection.description": "احصل على أعلى درجة ممكنة قبل نفاد الوقت."، "gamemode.perfection.win": "لقد وصلنا إلى نهاية الزمن. ذكرى قبيلتك سوف يتردد صداها في الأبدية!" ، "gamemode.perfection.loss": "لقد وصلنا إلى نهاية الوقت."، "gamemode.domination.caps": "DOMINATION"، "gamemode.domination": "الهيمنة" ، "gamemode.domination.description.button": "العب حتى تبقى قبيلة واحدة فقط ، بدون حد زمني."، "gamemode.domination.description": "امسح كل القبائل الأخرى من على وجه المربع. يمكن أن يكون هناك قبيلة واحدة فقط."، "gamemode.domination.win": "لقد هزمت كل القبائل الأخرى ووحدت الساحة بأكملها!" ، "gamemode.domination.loss": "فقدت مدينتك الأخيرة ، لقد هُزمت."، "gamemode.glory.caps": "GLORY" ، "gamemode.glory": "Glory"، "gamemode.glory.description": "أول من يفوز بـ {0} نقطة"، "gamemode.glory.win": "تم الوصول إلى مجموع النقاط البالغ {0}!" ، "gamemode.might.caps": "MIGHT"، "gamemode.might": "ربما"، "gamemode.might.description": "التقط كل الأحرف الكبيرة للفوز" ، "gamemode.might.win": "تم التقاط جميع الأحرف الكبيرة" ، "gamemode.death": "فقدت مدينتك الأخيرة ، لقد هُزمت."، "world.intro.title": "القائد العظيم!"، "world.intro.text": "لقد تم اختيارك لحكم قبيلة {0}. استكشف العالم ووسع إمبراطوريتك ، لكن احترس من القبائل الأخرى."، "world.intro.objective": "الهدف: {0}"، "world.turn.end": "End Turn"، "world.turn.end.question": "إنهاء دورك؟" ، "world.turn.end.confirm": "تأكيد" ، "world.turn.next": "المنعطف التالي" ، "world.turn.finish": "إنهاء اللعبة" ، "world.turn.nomoves": "لا مزيد من الحركات المتاحة ، انعطاف النهاية" ، "world.turn.start": "START" ، "world.turn.exit": "خروج" ، "world.turn.waiting": "في انتظار {0} للتشغيل ..."، "world.turn.waiting.unknown": "انتظار لعب قبيلة غير معروفة ..."، "world.turn.ready": انقر على حفظ عندما تكون جاهزًا ، "world.turn.your": "دورك" ، "world.turn.remaining": "{0} يتجه لليسار" ، "world.turn.last": "آخر منعطف!"، "world.turn.replaying": "إعادة تشغيل ..."، "world.unit.info.from": "من مدينة {0}."، "world.unit.veteran": "هذه الوحدة مخضرم."، "world.unit.veteran.progress": "{0} / {1} لتصبح متمرسًا."، "world.unit.ability": "قدرة الوحدة"، "world.unit.health": "الصحة" ، "world.unit.attack": "هجوم" ، "world.unit.defence": "دفاع"، "world.unit.movement": "حركة"، "world.unit.range": "Range" ، "world.unit.disembark.title": "اترك {0}" ، "world.unit.disembark.message": "سيؤدي النزول من هذه الوحدة إلى تفكيك {0}. هل ترغب في المتابعة؟"، "world.unit.evolve": "لقد تطورت وحدتك إلى {0}!" ، "world.unit.evolve.title": "نمو الوحدة" ، "world.unit.dissolved": "تم حل وحدتك" ، "world.building.info": "مدينة {0}" ، "world.building.village": "Village"، "world.building.capture.ready": "ستكون جاهزًا لالتقاط المنعطف التالي" ، "world.building.capture.ready.title": "إدخال {0}!"، "world.building.capture.warning": "سيتم الانتهاء من الالتقاط في المنعطف التالي إذا لم توقفهم."، "world.building.capture.warning.title": "{0} تحت الحصار!"، "world.attract.sanctuary": "ملاذك قد جذب حيوانًا بريًا!" ، "world.loading": "تحميل {0}٪"، "world.suggestion.title": "إليك نصيحة!" ، "world.suggestion.message": "يجب {0}" ، "world.suggestion.disable": "(يمكن إيقاف تشغيل هذه الاقتراحات في القائمة)" ، "world.ranks": "الأول والثاني والثالث والرابع والخامس والسادس والسابع والثامن والتاسع والعاشر والحادي عشر والثاني عشر" ، "world.road.connected.title": "طريق التجارة الجديد!"، "world.road.connected.message": "{0} متصل الآن بعاصمتك!"، "world.tech.new.title": "تقنية جديدة!" ، "world.tech.new.message": "لقد اكتشفت سر {0}" ، "world.reward.levelup": "{0} level up!"، "world.reward.building": "يمكنك الآن إنشاء {0}! هذا النصب الملحمي سيجلب الثروة والمجد إلى أقرب مدينة."، "world.reward.building.title": "تم إكمال {0}" ، "world.meet.tribe": "تلتقي {0}" ، "world.task.new": "لقد حصلت على مهمة جديدة!" ، "tribes.nature": "الطبيعة" ، "tribes.xin-xi": "Xin-xi" ، "tribes.xin-xi.info": "يبدأون رحلتهم في الجبال الكثيفة ، محاطة بأزهار الكرز الجميلة. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بتقنية '{1}'."، "tribes.imperius": "Imperius"، "tribes.imperius.info": "جبال ضخمة ووديان خضراء. المناخ {0} مثالي لزراعة الفاكهة. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بتقنية '{1}'."، "tribes.bardur": "Bardur"، "tribes.bardur.info": "البقاء على قيد الحياة في الشتاء الأبدي القاسي في {0} الغابة ليس بالمهمة السهلة ، ولكن يبدو أن {0} تزدهر هنا. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بـ '{1 }' تقنية."، "tribes.oumaji": "Oumaji" ، "tribes.oumaji.info": "الصحراء المباركة التي لا نهاية لها على ما يبدو هي موطن {0} القبيلة. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بتقنية '{1}'."، "tribes.kickoo": "Kickoo"، "tribes.kickoo.info": "شواطئ رملية بيضاء مع أشجار جوز الهند. وفرة من الفاكهة والأسماك. مرحبًا بك في منزل {0}. \ n \ n {0} ابدأ اللعبة باستخدام تقنية" {1} " . "، "tribes.hoodrick": "Hoodrick" ، "tribes.hoodrick.info": "أوراق الخريف الصفراء لغابات {0} هي مخابئ مثالية لسكانها المميزين الذين يحشوون الفطر. \ n \ n {0} ابدأ اللعبة باستخدام تقنية '{1}'."، "tribes.luxidoor": "Luxidoor"، "tribes. أجود أنواع الحرير الأرجواني. ولكن هل ستنجو خارج أسوار عاصمتهم المحبوبة؟ \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة برأسمال ضخم محاط بأسوار. "، "tribes.vengir": "Vengir"، "tribes.vengir.info": "تستهجن القبائل الأخرى وتدفعها إلى الأراضي البور غير السارة. هل سيتسامحون مع هذا الظلم أم سينهضون للرد؟ \ n \ n {0} ابدأ اللعبة بـ '{1}' التكنولوجيا ومبارز قوي. "، "tribes.zebasi": "Zebasi" ، "tribes.zebasi.info": "{0} ازدهر في غابات السافانا الدافئة ، وزرع التربة الخصبة لتوفير الغذاء لسكانها الأقوياء. \ n \ n {0} ابدأ اللعبة بتقنية" {1} ". و "tribes.zebasi.news": "يتم استثمار كل أرباح قبيلة الزباسي في مشاريع الطاقة الشمسية."، "tribes.aimo": "Ai-Mo" ، "tribes.aimo.info": "تعيش القبيلة {0} الهادئة والحكيمة في أقسى سلسلة جبال في الميدان وأكثرها رياحًا ، حيث وجدوا السلام الداخلي من خلال التأمل في ضوء المساء الأبدي. \ n \ n {0 } يبدأ اللعبة بتقنية "{1}". "، "tribes.aquarion": "Aquarion" ، "tribes.aquarion.info": "من أعماق المحيطات تظهر حضارة ضائعة منذ زمن طويل! لقد منحهم عزلتهم الشديدة قدرات مائية خاصة غير معروفة للقبائل البشرية الأخرى. \ n \ n {0} لديهم تقنية مختلفة قليلاً شجرة والوصول إلى وحدات السلاحف البرمائية الفريدة التي لا يمكن لأي قبيلة أخرى تدريبها. "، "tribes.quetzali": "Quetzali"، "tribes.quetzali.info": "قبيلة {0} تعبد آلهة الطيور في التربة الحمراء وتعيش في وئام مع التناسق الطبيعي لأدغالها التكعيبية. يُشاهدون عادة يركبون طيورًا ضخمة لا تطير. \ n \ n {0 } يبدأ اللعبة بتقنية "{1}". "، "tribes.elyrion": "riȱŋ"، "tribes.elyrion.info": "الغامض {0} يدافع عن منازلهم في الغابات بسحر ملون وضراوة التنانين التي تنفث النيران! \ n \ n إنهم يعتبرون الطبيعة روحًا مقدسة ولا يمكنهم اصطياد الحيوانات أو قطع الأشجار ، بدلاً من ذلك يبدأون اللعبة باستخدام تقنية Enchantment الفريدة التي يمكنها تحويل الحيوانات العادية إلى وحوش قوية. "، "tribes.yadakk": "يدقق" ، "tribes.yadakk.info": "بدأ {0} كقبيلة بدوية في سهول الخليج القاسية الجميلة. الآن هم تجار الساحة ، ويربطون إمبراطوريتهم بالطرق التجارية الرائعة. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بتقنية "{1}". "، "tribes.polaris": "Polaris"، "tribes.polaris.info": "لقد حوصر {0} في أقاصي التندرا المتجمدة على مدى دهور ، ولكنهم باركهم Gaami المجهول بالقدرة على توسيع تضاريسهم الجليدية غير الطبيعية إلى أبعد مما يسمح به الطقس. \ n \ n مع قوة الزلاجات والماموس ، تم تصميم {0} الصوفي على دفن الساحة في الجليد وتحويل الأرض إلى جنة متجمدة. \ n \ n {0} تبدأ اللعبة بإمكانية تجميد التضاريس المحيطة باستخدام موني. "، "building.capital.owner": "{0} هي عاصمة {1}" ، "building.capital.owner.former": "{0} هي العاصمة السابقة للإمبراطورية {1} ، التي تحتلها حاليًا {2} القوات" ، "building.city.owner": "{0} هي مدينة في {1} الإمبراطورية" ، "building.village.owner": "هذه قرية لا تنتمي إلى أية قبيلة" ، "build.ability.attract": "يجذب حيوانًا بريًا إلى بلاطة غابة قريبة كل 3 دورات" ، "build.produce": "تنتج {0} كل منعطف"، "building.produce.multiply.polaris": "({0} لكل {1} بلاطات مجمدة في العالم)"، "build.produce.multiply2.polaris": "تنتج {0} لكل {1} بلاطات مجمدة في العالم"، "build.produce.multiply": "({0} لكل قريب {1})"، "build.produce.multiply2": "ينتج {0} لكل مكان قريب {1} كل منعطف" ، "build.produce.multiply3": "ينتج {0} لكل قريب {1}"، "build.produce.reward.igned": "ينتج {0} لـ {1}" ، "build.produce.reward": "تنتج {0}"، "build.reward.tech": "يمنحك {0}"، "build.reward.instant": "فورًا يمنحك {0}"، "building.transform": "يحول {0} إلى {1}" ، "building.transform2": "يحول {0} إلى {1} مع {2}" ، "build.resource": "يضيف {0} في المربع المحدد" ، "build.value": "تساوي {0} من النقاط"، "build.ability.embark": "الوحدات التي تتحرك هنا ستتحول إلى قوارب يمكنها التحرك على الماء."، "build.ability.route": "يقوم بإنشاء طرق تجارية عبر {0} إلى أي {1} أخرى داخل دائرة نصف قطرها 5 مربعات."، "build.ability.route.and": "و" ، "build.ability.road": "أنشئ طرقًا لربط المدن بالعاصمة. تحصل المدن المتصلة على 1 من السكان كمكافأة. تمنح الطرق أيضًا مكافأة حركة لجميع الوحدات."، "building.ability.ruin": "خراب من حضارة قديمة ، يمكن أن يحتوي على أشياء ثمينة! اذهب إلى هناك مع وحدة لفحصها."، "build.ability.patina": "{0} تنمو بمرور الوقت ، لذا حاول بناءها في أقرب وقت ممكن."، "build.ability.limited": "يمكنك بناء واحد فقط {0} لكل مدينة."، "build.ability.unique": "يمكن بناء {0} مرة واحدة فقط."، "build.restriction.near": "يجب أن يتم بناؤه بجوار {0}."، "build.restriction.on": "يجب أن يكون على مربع به {0}."، "building.names.city": "المدينة"، "build.names.ruin": "خراب"، "building.names.monument1": "مذبح السلام" ، "building.names.monument2": "برج الحكمة" ، "building.names.monument3": "البازار الكبير" ، "building.names.monument4": "مقبرة الأباطرة" ، "building.names.monument5": "بوابة القوة" ، "building.names.monument6": "Park of Fortune" ، "building.names.monument7": "عين الله" ، "building.names.temple": "Temple"، "building.names.burnforest": "Burn Forest" ، "building.names.road": "Road"، "building.names.customshouse": "مركز الجمارك" ، "building.names.gather": "حصاد الفاكهة" ، "building.names.farm": "مزرعة" ، "building.names.windmill": "Windmill"، "building.names.fishing": "صيد السمك"، "building.names.whalehunting": "صيد الحيتان" ، "building.names.watertemple": "Water Temple" ، "building.names.port": "المنفذ"، "build.names.hunting": "صيد" ، "building.names.clearforest": "مسح مجموعة التفرعات" ، "building.names.lumberhut": "Lumber Hut" ، "building.names.sawmill": "Sawmill"، "building.names.growforest": "Grow Forest" ، "building.names.foresttemple": "Forest Temple" ، "building.names.mountaintemple": "Mountain Temple" ، "building.names.mine": "Mine"، "building.names.forge": "Forge"، "building.names.sanctuary": "Sanctuary"، "building.names.enchant": "حيوان ساحر" ، "building.names.enchant_whale": "Enchant Whale" ، "building.names.ice_bank": "Ice Bank" ، "building.names.iceport": "Outpost"، "building.names.icetemple": "Ice Temple" ، "الوحدة": "الوحدة" ، "unit.info.attack": "هجوم" ، "unit.info.defence": "الدفاع" ، "unit.info.movement": "الحركة"، "unit.info.health": "الصحة" ، "unit.info.range": "النطاق" ، "unit.info.skills": "المهارات"، "unit.names.giant": "العملاق" ، "unit.names.crab": "Crab" ، "unit.names.egg": "Dragon Egg" ، "unit.names.wendy": "Gaami" ، "unit.names.bunny": "الأرنب" ، "unit.names.scout": "Scout" ، "unit.names.boat": "قارب"، "unit.names.warrior": "المحارب" ، "unit.names.rider": "رايدر" ، "unit.names.knight": "Knight" ، "unit.names.defender": "المدافع" ، "unit.names.ship": "سفينة"، "unit.names.battleship": "سفينة حربية" ، "unit.names.catapult": "المنجنيق" ، "unit.names.archer": "رامي" ، "unit.names.priest": "Mind Bender"، "unit.names.swordman": "Swordsman"، "unit.names.amphibian": "البرمائيات" ، "unit.names.tridention": "Tridention" ، "unit.names.dragon": "Baby Dragon" ، "unit.names.dragon_large": "Fire Dragon" ، "unit.names.polytaur": "Polytaur" ، "unit.names.seamonster": "نافالون" ، "unit.names.icemaker": "Mooni" ، "unit.names.battlesled": "Battle Sled" ، "unit.names.fortress": "Ice Fortress"، "unit.names.icearcher": "Ice Archer" ، "قابلية الوحدة": "القدرة"، "unit.abilities.dash": "DASH"، "unit.abilities.escape": "ESCAPE"، "unit.abilities.scout": "SCOUT" ، "unit.abilities.sneak": "SNEAK" ، "unit.abilities.hide": "إخفاء" ، "unit.abilities.build": "BUILD" ، "unit.abilities.persist": "PERSIST" ، "unit.abilities.convert": "CONVERT" ، "unit.abilities.heal": "HEAL"، "unit.abilities.swim": "السباحة" ، "unit.abilities.carry": "CARRY"، "unit.abilities.grow": "GROW"، "unit.abilities.fly": "FLY"، "unit.abilities.splash": "SPLASH"، "unit.abilities.decay": "DECAY"، "unit.abilities.navigate": "NAVIGATE"، "unit.abilities.freeze": "التجميد"، "unit.abilities.freezearea": ​​"منطقة التجميد" ، "unit.abilities.autofreeze": "التجميد التلقائي" ، "unit.abilities.skate": "تزلج" ، "unit.abilities.fortify": "FORTIFY"، "player.abilities.destroy": "تدمير"، "player.abilities.disband": "disband"، "player.abilities.literacy": "محو الأمية"، "player.abilities.glide": "الانزلاق"، "resources.names.fruit": "فاكهة"، "Resource.names.crop": "المحاصيل" ، "Resource.names.fish": "fish"، "Resource.names.whale": "whale"، "Resource.names.game": "wild animal"، "Resource.names.metal": "metal"، "terrain.unknown": "أراضي غير معروفة" ، "terrain.water": "Water"، "terrain.ocean": "المحيط"، "terrain.field": "حقل"، "terrain.forest": "غابة"، "terrain.mountain": "Mountain"، "terrain.ice": "Ice"، "actionbox.building.level": "المستوى {0} / {1}" ، "actionbox.tile.roads": "الطرق"، "actionbox.city": "مدينة {0}"، "actionbox.city.level": "lvl {0}"، "actionbox.village": "Village"، "actionbox.unit.frozen": "Frozen {0}"، "actionbox.unit.kills": "{0} / {1} kills"، "actionbox.unit.veteran": "Veteran"، "actionbox.unit.new": "تدريب جديد {0} {1}"، "actionbox.unit.ability": "قدرة الوحدة"، "actionbox.unit.train": "TRAIN" ، "actionbox.unit.upgrade": "ترقية" ، "actionbox.unit.toomany": "(كثير جدًا)"، "actionbox.unit.toomany.info": "هذه المدينة لا يمكنها دعم أي وحدات أخرى. قم بترقية المدينة للحصول على مساحة أكبر للوحدات."، "actionbox.building.doit": "افعل ذلك" ، "actionbox.building.requiredtech": "أنت بحاجة إلى البحث {0} للقيام بذلك ، انقر على زر" شجرة التكنولوجيا "."، "actionbox.building.techtree": "TECH TREE" ، "actionbox.insufficientfunds": "ليس لديك ما يكفي من النجوم لشراء هذا. انقر على" المنعطف التالي "للحصول على المزيد من النجوم."، "actionbox.confirm": "تأكيد {0}" ، "actionbox.confirm.info": "هل أنت متأكد أنك تريد القيام بذلك؟"، "actionbox.confirm.button": "نعم" ، "tooltip.tile.road": "قم ببناء طريق لربط هذه المدينة بعاصمتك."، "tooltip.tile.choose_unit": "اختر وحدة لإنتاج."، "tooltip.tile.limit": "هذه المدينة لا يمكنها دعم المزيد من الوحدات."، "tooltip.tile.capture.enemy": "مدينتك يتم الاستيلاء عليها من قبل العدو!" ، "tooltip.tile.capture": "هذه المدينة يتم الاستيلاء عليها."، "tooltip.tile.capture.tip": "انقل وحدة هنا للاستيلاء على هذه المدينة!"، "tooltip.tile.produces": "تنتج {0} كل منعطف."، "tooltip.tile.level.polaris": "تجميد {0} المزيد من المربعات للوصول إلى المستوى التالي"، "tooltip.tile.level.next": "المستوى التالي في {0} المنعطفات"، "tooltip.tile.level.max": "وصلت إلى الحد الأقصى" ، "tooltip.tile.sailing": "انقل وحدة هنا لبدء الإبحار!" ، "tooltip.tile.monuments": "المعالم تمنح إمبراطوريتك درجة إضافية!"، "tooltip.tile.ruin": "انقل وحدة هنا وافحص هذه الآثار القديمة."، "tooltip.tile.blocked": "تم حظر هذا المورد بواسطة وحدة معادية"، "tooltip.tile.extract.upgrade": "استخرج هذا المورد لترقية مدينتك"، "tooltip.tile.extract.convert": "يمكن تحويل هذا المورد إلى وحدة"، "tooltip.tile.extract.stars": "استخرج هذا المورد لكسب النجوم فورًا" ، "tooltip.tile.extract.research": "تحتاج إلى البحث {0} لاستخراج هذا المورد" ، "tooltip.tile.outside": "هذا المورد خارج إمبراطوريتك" ، "tooltip.tile.research": "تحتاج إلى البحث {0} لتتمكن من الانتقال إلى هنا" ، "tooltip.tile.explore": "استكشف هذه المنطقة لترى ما تحمله!"، "tooltip.unit.city.capture": "اضغط على" التقاط "لإضافة هذه المدينة إلى إمبراطوريتك" ، "tooltip.unit.city.capture.next": "ستكون هذه المدينة جاهزة لالتقاط المنعطف التالي" ، "tooltip.unit.city.capture.flying": "لا يمكن للوحدات الطائرة الاستيلاء على المدن"، "tooltip.unit.actions.none": "لا توجد إجراءات متبقية. اضغط على" المنعطف التالي "لتحريك هذه الوحدة مرة أخرى." ، "tooltip.unit.actions.move": "انقر فوق علامة زرقاء للتحرك."، "tooltip.unit.actions.attack": "انقر فوق علامة حمراء للهجوم!" ، "tooltip.unit.enemy": "هذا هو العدو!" ، "tooltip.unit.enemy.territory": "هذا العدو في منطقتك!" ، "tooltip.unit.enemy.city": "هذا العدو يستولي على مدينتك!" ، "tooltip.unit.grow.now": "سينمو إلى {0} في نهاية هذا المنعطف!"، "tooltip.unit.grow.later": "سينمو إلى {0} {1} دورة."، "tooltip.unit.decay.now": "ستحل هذه الوحدة في نهاية هذا المنعطف."، "tooltip.unit.decay.later": "ستذوب هذه الوحدة في {0} دورات."، "tooltip.ability.disband": "قم بإزالة أي من الوحدات الخاصة بك واحصل على نصف تكلفتها في المقابل."، "tooltip.ability.destroy": "قم بإزالة أي مبنى داخل حدودك ، وهو أمر رائع لإعادة بناء إمبراطوريتك."، "tooltip.ability.literacy": "خفض سعر جميع التقنيات بنسبة 20٪."، "tooltip.ability.glide": "تحصل جميع الوحدات غير المتزلجة على حركة إضافية عند التحرك على الجليد."، "tooltip.ability.dash": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة الهجوم بعد التحرك إذا كان هناك عدو في النطاق."، "tooltip.ability.convert": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة تحويل عدو إلى قبيلتك من خلال مهاجمتها."، "tooltip.ability.escape": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة التحرك مرة أخرى بعد الهجوم."، "tooltip.ability.persist": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة أن تستمر في الهجوم طالما أنها تقتل ضحاياها تمامًا."، "tooltip.ability.swim": "هذه الوحدة برمائية ويمكن أن تتحرك على الأرض والمياه."، "tooltip.ability.carry": "تحمل هذه الوحدة وحدة أخرى بداخلها."، "tooltip.ability.heal": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة أن تعالج الوحدات المحيطة."، "tooltip.ability.navigate": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة التحرك في أي تضاريس حتى لو لم تكن لديك التقنية اللازمة للانتقال إلى هناك."، "tooltip.ability.fly": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة التحليق فوق أي تضاريس بدون عقوبات أو مكافآت على الحركة."، "tooltip.ability.splash": "تتسبب هذه الوحدة في تلف الوحدات المجاورة عند الهجوم."، "tooltip.ability.grow": "ستنمو هذه الوحدة في النهاية وتصبح شيئًا آخر."، "tooltip.ability.sneak": "يمكن لهذه الوحدة تجاوز وحدات العدو دون توقف."، "tooltip.ability.scout": "هذه الوحدة لها نطاق رؤية مزدوج."، "tooltip.ability.freeze": "تقوم هذه الوحدة بتجميد أعدائها عند مهاجمتهم حتى لا يتمكنوا من التحرك."، "tooltip.ability.freeze_area": ​​"يمكن لهذه الوحدة تجميد البلاط المحيط بما في ذلك أي وحدات معادية."، "tooltip.ability.freeze_auto": "تقوم هذه الوحدة بتجميد أي بلاطات ووحدات محيطة عند الحركة."، "tooltip.ability.skate": "تحصل هذه الوحدة على حركة مزدوجة على بلاطات الجليد ولكن حركتها على الأرض تقتصر على قطعة واحدة ويتم تعطيل جميع القدرات الأخرى."، "tooltip.ability.fortify": "تحصل هذه الوحدة على مكافأة دفاع عند الدفاع في مدنها ، علاوة مضاعفة مع جدار المدينة."، "أزرار.ok": "موافق" ، "أزرار.exit": "خروج" ، "button.save": "حفظ" ، "Button.back": "BACK"، "gameinfo.id": "المعرف: {0}"، "gameinfo.lastmove": "آخر حركة: قبل {0}"، "gameinfo.updated": "تم التحديث: منذ {0}" ، "gameinfo.turn": "Turn: {0}"، "gameinfo.serverversion": "إصدار الخادم: {0}"، "gameinfo.gameover": "انتهت هذه اللعبة ، افتحها لعرض النتيجة النهائية" ، "gameinfo.yourturn": "حان دورك إلى {0}"، "gameinfo.opponentsturn": "Waiting for {0} to {1}"، "gameinfo.start": "ابدأ اللعبة"، "gameinfo.picktribe": "اختيار القبيلة" ، "gameinfo.play": "play"، "gamesaverbinary.unable.to.save": "لم أتمكن من حفظ اللعبة ، تأكد من أن لديك مساحة تخزين كافية على جهازك" ، "gamesaverbinary.unable.to.save.title": "تعذر الحفظ :("، "gamesaverbinary.error.loading.moves": "خطأ في تحميل الحركات" ، "polyplayer.task": "مهمة"، "polyplayer.task.explorer.title": "Explorer" ، "polyplayer.task.explorer.description": "استكشف كل قطعة في هذا العالم المربع" ، "polyplayer.task.war.title": "لا رحمة" ، "polyplayer.task.war.description": "امسح عدوًا" ، "polyplayer.task.pacifist.title": "السلمي"، "polyplayer.task.pacifist.description": "لا تقم بأي هجمات لمدة 5 أدوار"، "polyplayer.task.killer.title": "القاتل"، "polyplayer.task.killer.description": "اقتل 10 أعداء في المعركة" ، "polyplayer.task.wealth.title": "الثروة"، "polyplayer.task.wealth.description": "جمع 100 نجمة" ، "polyplayer.task.genius.title": "Genius" ، "polyplayer.task.genius.description": "اكتشف كل التقنيات المتاحة" ، "polyplayer.task.metropolis.title": "Metropolis"، "polyplayer.task.metropolis.description": "أنشئ مدينة من المستوى الخامس"، "polyplayer.task.network.title": "الشبكة" ، "polyplayer.task.network.description": "اربط 5 مدن بعاصمتك" ، "task.info": "{0} للحصول على {1}" ، "price.stars": "star"، "price.stars.plural": "stars"، "price.population": "Population"، "price.population.plural": "Population"، "price.points": "point"، "price.points.plural": "Points"، "wcontroller.online.yourturn.title": "إنه دورك!"، "wcontroller.online.yourturn.description": "انقر على" موافق "لمتابعة اللعبة عندما تكون جاهزًا."، "wcontroller.convertvillage.description": "يوافق القرويون على الانضمام إلى إمبراطوريتك الناشئة!" ، "wcontroller.convertvillage.title": "تم تحويل القرية!"، "wcontroller.capital.regained.description": "لقد استعدت السيطرة على رأس المال الخاص بك ، وأعيد إنشاء شبكات التجارة" ، "wcontroller.capital.regained.title": "أخبار رائعة!"، "wcontroller.capital.lost.description": "تم الاستيلاء على رأس مالك بواسطة جحافل {0}! تم إلغاء جميع اتصالاتك التجارية حتى تستعيد السيطرة على رأس مالك" ، "wcontroller.capital.lost.title": "أخبار سيئة!"، "wcontroller.capital.captured.description": "لقد استولت على رأس مال {0}! تم إلغاء جميع اتصالاتهم التجارية حتى يستعيدوا السيطرة على رأس مالهم" ، "wcontroller.capital.captured.title": "أخبار رائعة!"، "wcontroller.capital.captured2.description": "{0} هي الآن جزء من {1} الإمبراطورية" ، "wcontroller.capital.captured2.title": "استولت المدينة!"، "wcontroller.kill.upgrade.description": "الوحدة جاهزة للترقية!" ، "wcontroller.kill.upgrade.title": "Level Up!"، "wcontroller.examine.water.elyrion": "لقد صادفت {0} مسحورًا انضم إلى قبيلتك!" ، "wcontroller.examine.water": "لقد واجهت عصابة من القراصنة الودودين الذين انضموا إلى قبيلتك!" ، "wcontroller.examine.water.title": "سفينة المعركة" ، "wcontroller.examine.giant": "لقد وجدت {0} صديقًا انضم إلى قبيلتك!" ، "wcontroller.examine.explorer": "تقابل بعض السكان المحليين الذين يظهرون لك الأراضي المحيطة."، "wcontroller.examine.explorer.title": "Explorer"، "wcontroller.examine.tech": "لقد عثرت على بعض اللفائف القديمة التي تحتوي على سر {0}."، "wcontroller.examine.tech.title": "مخطوطات الحكمة"، "wcontroller.examine.stars": "الآثار القديمة مليئة بالموارد القيمة!"، "wcontroller.examine.stars.title": "الموارد"، "wcontroller.examine.population": "تلتقي بقبيلة بدوية تستقر في عاصمتك!"، "wcontroller.examine.population.title": "السكان"، "wcontroller.move.unto.unit": "لا يمكن الانتقال إلى وحدة أخرى" ، "wcontroller.building.upgrade": "تمت ترقية {0} إلى {1}!"، "wcontroller.building.upgrade.reward": "{0} تمت الترقية إلى المستوى {1} وزاد إنتاجه +1. يمكنك أيضًا اختيار مكافأة إضافية:"، "wcontroller.reward.workshop": "Workshop"، "wcontroller.reward.citywall": "جدار المدينة"، "wcontroller.reward.populationgrowth": "النمو السكاني"، "wcontroller.reward.park": "park"، "wcontroller.reward.explorer": "explorer"، "wcontroller.reward.resources": "resources"، "wcontroller.reward.bordergrowth": "نمو الحدود"، "wcontroller.reward.superunit": "super unit"، "wcontroller.unit.promotion": "اكتسبت وحدتك حالة المحاربين القدامى! زادت الصحة."، "wcontroller.unit.promotion.title": "تم ترقية الوحدة!"، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.leader": "قائدهم"، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.bigger.hostile": "يضحك على عذرك الضئيل لقبيلة."، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.bigger.fri friendly": "تحية لك ودودًا لكنها لا تولي اهتمامًا لمملك الصغير."، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.smaller.hostile": "يبدو عدائيًا بعض الشيء ويحييك بشكل مريب."، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.smaller.fri friendly": "انحناءات في رهبة حضارتك العظيمة."، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.tech.hostile": "يمكنك سرقة سر {0}!"، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.tech.fri friendly": "كبادرة حسن نية ، يشاركون سر {0}!" ، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.resource.hostile": "يمكنك سرقة بعض القطع الذهبية الثمينة!"، "wcontroller.meet.tribe.resource.fri friendly": "إنهم يقدمون لك هدية من الموارد القيمة!" ، "wcontroller.tribe.destroy": "لقد دمرت {0}!"، "wcontroller.tribe.destroy.title": "Blood!"، "wcontroller.tribe.destroy2": "تم تدمير {0} بواسطة {1}!"، "wcontroller.tribe.destroy.all": "لقد دمرت كل القبائل المعارضة ووحدت الساحة بأكملها تحت إمرتك!" ، "wcontroller.tribe.destroy.all.title": "الهيمنة!"، "wcontroller.city.disconnect": "تم قطع اتصال {0} بـ {1}" ، "wcontroller.city.disconnect.title": "فقد طريق التجارة!"، "wcontroller.turn.end": "إنهاء الدور ..."، "wcontroller.turn.saving": "جارٍ حفظ اللعبة على الخادم ..."، "wcontroller.turn.notification": "حان دورك {0} (دوران {1})" ، "wcontroller.turn.passed": "تم تمرير اللعبة إلى {0}"، "wcontroller.turn.passed.title": "Turn Complete"، "wcontroller.turn.error": "تعذر الوصول إلى خادم اللاعبين المتعددين. يرجى التأكد من اتصالك بالإنترنت والمحاولة مرة أخرى."، "wcontroller.turn.error.title": "خطأ في الشبكة" ، "wcontroller.turn.next": "التالي"، "wcontroller.load.error": "لا توجد لعبة محفوظة لاستئنافها ، ابدأ لعبة جديدة!"، "wcontroller.load.error.title": "لا توجد لعبة محفوظة" ، "wcontroller.load.notpartof": "أنت لست جزءًا من هذه اللعبة" ، "wcontroller.load.wait": "انتظر حتى يتم تنزيل هذه اللعبة بالكامل قبل فتحها."، "wcontroller.load.wait.title": "جاري التحميل ..."، "wcontroller.load.update": "تستخدم هذه اللعبة إصدارًا أحدث من Polytopia ، يلزمك التوجه إلى {0} وتحديثه قبل أن تتمكن من اللعب."، "wcontroller.load.update.title": "التحديث مطلوب"، "wcontroller.removingplayer": "إزالة اللاعب"، "wcontroller.not.your.turn": "عذرًا ، لم يحن دورك بعد!"، "technology.intro": "ستعمل هذه التقنية على تمكين ما يلي:"، "technology.build": "{0} يجعل من الممكن إنشاء {1}" ، "technology.movement": "الحركة"، "technology.movement.info": "تمكن الحركة في {0}" ، "technology.defence": "مكافأة الدفاع"، "technology.defence.info": "يمنح وحدتك قوة إضافية عند الدفاع بـ {0}"، "technology.task": "{0} ينشط {1} المهمة" ، "قابلية التكنولوجيا": "القدرة"، "technology.ability.info": "{1} يمنحك القدرة على {1}"، "technology.names.basic": "أساسي"، "technology.names.riding": "ركوب الخيل"، "technology.names.freespirit": "Free Spirit" ، "technology.names.chivalry": "الفروسية" ، "technology.names.roads": "Roads"، "technology.names.trade": "التجارة" ، "technology.names.organization": "Organization"، "technology.names.shields": "Shields"، "technology.names.farming": "الزراعة" ، "technology.names.construction": "Construction"، "technology.names.fishing": "صيد السمك" ، "technology.names.whaling": "صيد الحيتان"، "technology.names.aquatism": "المائية" ، "technology.names.sailing": "الإبحار" ، "technology.names.navigation": "تصفح" ، "technology.names.hunting": "صيد" ، "technology.names.forestry": "الغابات" ، "technology.names.mathematics": "Mathematics"، "technology.names.archery": "الرماية"، "technology.names.spiritualism": "الروحانية" ، "technology.names.climbing": "التسلق" ، "technology.names.meditation": "تأمل" ، "technology.names.philosophy": "الفلسفة" ، "technology.names.mining": "Mining"، "technology.names.smithery": "Smithery"، "technology.names.freediving": "الغوص الحر" ، "technology.names.spearing": "Spearing"، "technology.names.forestmagic": "سحر الغابة" ، "technology.names.watermagic": "Water Magic" ، "technology.names.frostwork": "Frostwork"، "technology.names.polarwarfare": "Polar Warfare" ، "technology.names.polarism": "Polarism"، "techview.info": "تزداد تكاليف التكنولوجيا لكل مدينة في إمبراطوريتك."، "techview.info.literacy": "معرفة القراءة والكتابة تقلل من سعر جميع التقنيات بنسبة 20٪!" ، "techview.locked": "(مغلق)" ، "techview.locked.info": "يجب عليك البحث {0} قبل أن تتمكن من تعلم {1}."، "techview.completed": "(مكتمل)" ، "techview.completed.info": "لقد بحثت بالفعل عن هذه التقنية."، "techview.expensive.info": "ليس لديك ما يكفي من النجوم لشراء هذا. انقر على" المنعطف التالي "للحصول على المزيد من النجوم."، "techview.research": "بحث" ، "action.info.attack": "قم بهجوم بهذه الوحدة. حدد الوحدة وانقر فوق أي من أهداف RED إذا كنت تريد الهجوم" ، "action.info.recover": "استرداد" ، "action.info.healothers": "شفاء الآخرين" ، "action.info.train": "قم بتدريب وحدة في هذه المدينة. يمكن استخدام الوحدات لاستكشاف العالم ومهاجمة الأعداء والدفاع عن مدينتك" ، "action.info.move": "انقل هذه الوحدة. حدد الوحدة وانقر فوق أي من الأهداف الزرقاء" ، "action.info.capture": "أسر" ، "action.info.capture2": "استحوذ على هذه المدينة. المدن تولد النجوم في كل منعطف يمكنك استخدامه لتطوير إمبراطوريتك" ، "action.info.destroy": "إتلاف" ، "action.info.disband": "Disband {0}"، "action.info.remove": "إزالة" ، "action.info.cityreward": "City Reward" ، "action.info.reward": "Reward"، "action.info.trip": "رحلة"، "action.info.meet": "Meet"، "action.info.promote": "ترقية" ، "action.info.examine": "فحص" ، "action.info.endturn": "قم بإنهاء هذا المنعطف للحصول على المزيد من الموارد وتحركات الوحدة. اضغط على زر" المنعطف التالي "" ، "action.info.stay": "Stay"، "action.info.healarea": ​​"healArea" ، "action.info.freezearea": ​​"منطقة التجميد" ، "action.info.breakice": "كسر الجليد" ، "action.info.do": "افعل {0} هنا" ، "action.info.build": "إنشاء {0} هنا" ، "action.info.reward.population": "سيؤدي ذلك إلى زيادة عدد سكان أقرب مدينة. عندما يصبح عدد السكان كبيرًا بما يكفي ، سترتفع المدينة وتنتج المزيد من الموارد" ، "action.info.reward.resources": "هذا سيمنحك مكافأة فورية {0} من الموارد" ، "action.info.research": "بحث {0}."، "actionbtn.upgrade": "ترقية إلى {0}"، "actionbtn.remove.building": "Building"، "actionbtn.remove.roads": "الطرق" ، "stringtools.typelist.and": "و" ، "topbar.score": "النتيجة"، "topbar.turn": "Turn"، "topbar.stars": "نجوم (+ {0})"، "Bottommenu.gamestats": "إحصائيات اللعبة" ، "Bottommenu.menu": "Menu"، "Bottommenu.nextturn": "المنعطف التالي" ، "Bottommenu.techtree": "شجرة التكنولوجيا" ، "endscreen.done": "تم"، "endscreen.ruledby": "محكومة بواسطة {0}"، "endscreen.army & region": "الجيش والأراضي"، "endscreen.monuments and المعابد": "الآثار والمعابد"، "endscreen.cities": "المدن"، "endscreen.science": "Science"، "endscreen.units": "{0} الوحدات ، {1} إمبراطورية البلاط" ، "endscreen.culture": "{0} monuments، {1} temples"، "endscreen.citiescount": "{0} Cities"، "endscreen.techscore": "{0} / {1} التقنيات التي تم البحث عنها"، "endscreen.bonus": "مكافأة الصعوبة"، "endscreen.finalscore": "النتيجة النهائية"، "endscreen.speedskills": "مهارات السرعة"، "endscreen.domination.win": "{0} / {1} turn"، "endscreen.domination.loss": "{0} turn"، "endscreen.battle": "مهارات المعركة"، "endscreen.battle.info": "فقدت {0} وحدة"، "endscreen.destroyed": "قبائل دمرت"، "endscreen.destroyed.info": "{0} / {1}"، "endscreen.rating": "تصنيف الصعوبة"، "endscreen.finalrating": "التصنيف النهائي"، "endscreen.nextstar.percent": "{0}٪ مطلوبة للنجمة التالية"، "endscreen.nextstar": "{0} مطلوب للنجمة التالية"، "endscreen.topresult": "أفضل نتيجة جديدة!"، "endscreen.topresult.title": "عظيم!"، "endscreen.personal": "شخصية جديدة عالية الجودة طوال الوقت!"، "endscreen.personal.title": "مدهش!"، "endscreen.showhiscore": "SHOW HISCORE"، "endscreen.winner": "{0} win!"، "endscreen.victory": "انتصار"، "endscreen.gameover": "انتهت اللعبة"، "highscore.title": "درجة عالية"، "highscore.today": "Today"، "highscore.thisweek": "هذا الأسبوع" ، "highscore.alltime": "كل الأوقات"، "highscore.alltribes": "جميع القبائل" ، "highscore.hiscore": "hiscore"، "highscore.loading": "جارٍ التحميل .."، "highscore.notavailable": "High Score not available."، "multiplayer.passplay": "Pass & Play"، "multiplayer.passplay.info": "تحدي أصدقائك في مباراة متعددة اللاعبين على نفس الجهاز. فقط قم بتمريرها إلى اللاعب التالي عندما ينتهي دورك."، "multiplayer.activegames": "الألعاب النشطة" ، "multiplayer.finishedgames": "Finished Games" ، "multiplayer.creategame": "إنشاء لعبة" ، "multiplayer.clipboard": "تمت إضافة Gamedata إلى الحافظة" ، "multiplayer.clipboard.title": "Voilà!"، "gamestats.gamemode": "وضع اللعبة: {0}"، "gamestats.bonus": "مكافأة الصعوبة: {0}"، "gamestats.speed": "مهارات السرعة"، "gamestats.speed.info": "{0} / {1} دورة"، "gamestats.battle": "مهارات القتال" ، "gamestats.battle.info": "{0} فاز ، {1} خسر"، "gamestatus.tribes": "القبائل دمرت" ، "gamestatus.difficulty": "تصنيف الصعوبة"، "gamestatus.capitals": "Capitals Owned"، "gamestatus.scores": "النتائج"، "gamestatus.ruled": "محكومة بواسطة {0}" ، "gamestatus.ruled.you": "تحكمها أنت" ، "gamestatus.unknown.tribe": "قبيلة غير معروفة"، "gamestatus.unknown.ruler": "مسطرة غير معروفة" ، "gamestatus.score": "النتيجة: {0} نقطة"، "gamestatus.city": "{0} city"، "gamestatus.cities": "{0} Cities"، "gamestatus.destroyed": "مدمر"، "gamestatus.tasks": "المهام {0} / {1}"، "gamestatus.tasks.complete": "مكتمل!" ، "settings.title": "إعدادات"، "settings.volume": "مستوى الصوت {0}"، "settings.soundeffects": "تأثيرات صوتية"، "settings.ambience": "Ambience"، "settings.tribemusic": "Tribe Music"، "settings.suggestions": "اقتراحات" ، "settings.info": "معلومات حول الإنشاء" ، "settings.confirm": "تأكيد الدور" ، "settings.saveexit": "EXIT TO MENU" ، "settings.on": "تشغيل" ، "settings.off": "OFF" ، "settings.language": "Language"، "settings.restartlanguage": "الرجاء إعادة تشغيل Polytopia لتبديل اللغة بالكامل" ، "settings.language.load.title": "لغة مخصصة (نسخة تجريبية)" ، "settings.language.load.info": "قم بتحميل ملف لغة Polytopia من خادم بعيد باستخدام https. هذه ميزة تجريبية وليست لأصحاب القلوب الضعيفة."، "settings.language.load.input": "عنوان url لملف اللغة:"، "settings.language.load.button": "LOAD" ، "throne.title": "THRONE ROOM"، "throne.reset": "إعادة تعيين النتائج"، "throne.playerinfo": "معلومات اللاعب"، "throne.playerid": "معرف اللاعب" ، "throne.clipboard": "تمت إضافة معرف المشغل إلى الحافظة"، "throne.clipboard.title": "Voilà!"، "throne.alias": "الاسم المستعار" ، "throne.played": "تم تشغيل الألعاب"، "throne.topscore": "أعلى نتيجة"، "throne.toprating": "Top Rating"، "throne.resetwarning": "هل أنت متأكد من أنك تريد إعادة تعيين جميع درجاتك وتقييماتك المحفوظة؟ لا يمكن التراجع عن هذا."، "throne.resetwarning.title": "إعادة تعيين النتائج"، "throne.reset.complete": "تم إعادة تعيين النتائج الآن" ، "throne.google.achievements": "الإنجازات"، "throne.google.signedin": "لقد قمت بتسجيل الدخول باستخدام Google Play" ، "throne.google.out": "تسجيل الخروج"، "throne.google.info": "(!) تحتاج إلى تسجيل الدخول باستخدام Google Play لحفظ بيانات اللعبة والنتائج العالية." ، "throne.google.in": "تسجيل الدخول" ، "consent.approval.title": "مرحبًا بكم في Polytopia!" ، "consent.approval.info": "لتحسين Polytopia بإحصائيات الاستخدام ولتخزين درجاتك العالية وإعداداتك ، نحتاج إلى موافقتك للوصول إلى بعض البيانات الشخصية. \ n يمكنك قراءة المزيد حول البيانات التي نجمعها في <u> < a href = '{0}'> سياسة الخصوصية </a> </u>. \ n (يمكنك إبطال موافقتك في أي وقت في 'Throne Room') "، "Accept.approve": "الموافقة"، "Accept.deny": "DENY"، "Accept.enabled": "البيانات الشخصية ممكّنة"، "consent.enabled.info": "أنت تسمح حاليًا لـ Polytopia بالوصول إلى بعض البيانات الشخصية لتحسين الخدمة وتخزين نتائجك العالية وما إلى ذلك. لمزيد من المعلومات ، اقرأ <u> <a href='{0}'> سياسة الخصوصية < / a> </u>. "، "Accept.disabled": "البيانات الشخصية معطلة"، "consent.disabled.info": "لحفظ البيانات الشخصية مثل النتائج العالية وإحصاءات الاستخدام ، نحتاج إلى موافقتك. لمزيد من المعلومات ، اقرأ <u> <a href='{0}'> سياسة الخصوصية </a> < / u>. "، "موافقة.إلغاء": "إبطال الموافقة" ، "onlineview.title": "MULTIPLAYER"، "onlineview.loadingservice": "خدمة التحميل" ، "onlineview.yourturn": "دورك" ، "onlineview.theirturn": "دورهم" ، "onlineview.reloading": "إعادة التحميل .."، "onlineview.reloading.release": "حرر لإعادة التحميل ..."، "onlineview.newgame": "لعبة جديدة" ، "onlineview.friends": "الأصدقاء"، "onlineview.profile": "الملف الشخصي" ، "onlineview.passplay": "Pass & Play"، "onlineview.refresh": "تحديث" ، "onlineview.profile.available": "الملف الشخصي متاح فقط عند الاتصال بالخادم."، "onlineview.friendlist.available": "قائمة الأصدقاء متاحة فقط عند الاتصال بالخادم."، "onlineview.servicedisabled": "تم تعطيل خادم اللاعبين المتعددين مؤقتًا ، يرجى المحاولة مرة أخرى لاحقًا. تأكد أيضًا من أنك تستخدم أحدث إصدار من Battle of Polytopia." ، "خطأ onlineview.load": "تعذر الاتصال بخادم اللاعبين المتعددين. تحقق من اتصالك بالإنترنت وحاول مرة أخرى."، "onlineview.uptodate": "تم تحديث جميع الألعاب" ، "onlineview.intro.fix": "مرحبًا {0}! \ n \ n للعب متعدد اللاعبين عبر الإنترنت ، هناك بعض الأشياء التي تحتاج إلى إصلاحها:"، "onlineview.intro.update": "متعددة اللاعبين عبر الإنترنت غير متاحة ، يرجى تحديث Polytopia إلى أحدث إصدار" ، "onlineview.gameinvitations": "دعوات الألعاب" ، "onlineview.nogames.intro": "مرحبًا {0}!"، "onlineview.nogames.start": "لنبدأ تشغيل بعض الألعاب عبر الإنترنت مع أصدقائك. انقر على" لعبة جديدة "لبدء واحدة."، "onlineview.nogames.first": "أول شيء تحتاجه هو التواصل مع بعض البشر الآخرين الذين يلعبون Polytopia. انقر على" الأصدقاء "لإضافتهم."، "onlineview.or": "أو" ، "onlineview.passplay.start": "ابدأ إحدى ألعاب Pass & Play المحلية من خلال النقر على" لعبة جديدة "، "onlineview.login.ios": "تسجيل الدخول إلى {0}"، "onlineview.login.ios.info": "يضمن استخدام {0} أن يكون لديك معرف لاعب فريد وثابت يحافظ على بياناتك آمنة عبر الأجهزة."، "onlineview.notifications": "تمكين الإخطارات"، "onlineview.notifications.info": "We use notifications to communicate the status of your ongoing multiplayer games.", "onlineview.purchase": "Purchase one Tribe", "onlineview.purchase.info": "Running an online multiplayer service costs real money and we rely solely on the kind support from players like you.", "onlineview.completed": "completed", "onlineview.required": "required", "onlineview.check": "check", "onlineview.fixit": "FIX IT", "onlineview.clipboard": "Game ID added to clipboard: {0}", "onlineview.clipboard.title": "Voilà!", "onlineview.game.join": "JOIN GAME", "onlineview.game.start": "START GAME", "onlineview.game.open": "OPEN", "onlineview.game.size": "Map Size", "onlineview.game.moreinfo": "More info", "onlineview.game.gameinfo": "Game Info", "onlineview.game.you": "You", "onlineview.game.resign": "RESIGN", "onlineview.game.decline": "DECLINE", "onlineview.game.delete": "DELETE", "onlineview.game.resign.title": "Resign", "onlineview.game.resign.info": "Are you sure you want to leave this game permanently?", "onlineview.game.old.title": "Old file version", "onlineview.game.old.info": "This game was created with an outdated version of the game. It can unfortunately not be loaded :( My suggestion is that you delete it and start a new one. Sorry for the inconvenience.", "onlineview.game.player.left": "{0} has left the game {1} and has been replaced by a bot.", "onlineview.game.player.kicked": "You have been removed from game {0}", "onlineview.game.player.invited": "You are invited to a new game, {0}", "firebaseservice.status.connecting": "Connecting to the Polytopia server...", "firebaseservice.status.loading": "Loading game data...", "firebaseservice.status.loading.count": "Loading game data, {0} left", "firebaseservice.status.loading.player": "Loading player data...", "firebaseservice.status.sync": "Sync chronometer..", "firebaseservice.status.sync.player": "Syncing your player data..", "firebaseservice.status.checking": "Checking for changes..", "firebaseservice.status.loading.messages": "Loading messages...", "firebaseservice.important.title": "Important information", "firebaseservice.important.deleted": "{0} has deleted you from multiplayer game {1}", "firebaseservice.error": "There was an error saving the game. Please try again.", "firebaseservice.invite": "You are invited to a new game, {0}", "firebaseservice.removed": "You have been removed from game {0}", "friendlist.title": "FRIEND LIST", "friendlist.new.caps": "ADD FRIEND", "friendlist.new.title": "Add a new friend", "friendlist.new.info": "Enter the player ID of your friend. (they can find it on this Friend page on their device)", "friendlist.new.button": "ADD", "friendlist.new.input": "Player ID:", "friendlist.new.myself.title": "Me, myself & I", "friendlist.new.myself.info": "Seems like you tried to add yourself as a friend. That might sound like a nice thing to do but it would add an existential layer to the game that we cannot handle at the moment. Please submit a player ID of someone else.", "friendlist.new.empty.title": "Emptiness", "friendlist.new.empty.info": "The player ID you entered was completely empty! You should not try to make friends with the void, it is a very lonely path.", "friendlist.new.exists.title": "Duplicate Player", "friendlist.new.exists.info": "You are already friends with {0}", "friendlist.new.looking.title": "Loading Player", "friendlist.new.looking.info": "Looking for player {0}", "friendlist.new.added.title": "Player Added", "friendlist.new.added.info": "Added player {0}", "friendlist.new.error.title": "Error loading player", "friendlist.new.error.info": "Could not find player with the ID {0}.", "friendlist.new.error2.title": "Player not found", "friendlist.new.error2.info": "Could not find any player with the ID {0}. Error: {1}", "friendlist.loading": "Loading friends...", "friendlist.error": "Error loading friends", "friendlist.friends": "Friends", "friendlist.friends.old": "Outdated friends", "friendlist.local": "Local Players", "friendlist.bots": "Bots", "friendlist.bot": "{0} Bot", "friendlist.player": "Player {0}", "friendlist.remove": "REMOVE", "friendlist.reload": "RELOAD", "friendlist.checking": "Checking friend status..", "friendlist.friend.update": "{0} needs to update to the latest version of Polytopia before you can invite them to new games.", "friendlist.friend.updated": "{0} is now on the new server", "friendlist.friend.notupdated": "{0} is still on the old server", "friendlist.removed.title": "Player Removed", "friendlist.removed.info": "Removed player {0}", "idconsole.playerid": "Your Player ID:", "idconsole.share": "Send this Player ID to anyone you want to play against. Tap it to copy.", "idconsole.clipboard": "Player ID {0} added to clipboard", "idconsole.clipboard.title": "Voilà!", "playerpickerview.title": "PICK PLAYERS", "playerpickerview.name": "Game Name", "playerpickerview.startgame": "START GAME", "playerpickerview.addplayer": "ADD PLAYER", "playerpickerview.size": "Map size: {0} tiles", "playerpickerview.mode": "Game mode: {0}", "playerpickerview.players": "Players ({0}/{1})", "playerpickerview.you": "{0} (you)", "playerpickerview.bot": "{0} ({1} bot)", "playerpickerview.human": "No human player", "playerpickerview.human.info": "There needs to be at least one human player to start a game", "gameitem.join": "Join this game or decline the invitation", "gameitem.join.wait": "Waiting for {0} to pick tribe", "gameitem.ready": "Ready to start!", "gameitem.ready.wait": "{0} can start the game", "gameitem.turn.your": "Your turn", "gameitem.turn.other": "Waiting for {0}", "gameitem.gameover": "This game is over, tap to see the end.", "gameitem.pick": "{0}, pick your tribe", "gameitem.start": "{0}, start the game", "gameitem.turn": "{0}, take your turn", "gameitem.ended": "This game is over.", "gameitem.pending": "Pending. Open and save to server.", "gameitem.timeup": "Time Up!", "gameitem.timeup.info": "Your time to make a move is up, do you want to resign?", "gameitem.timelimit": "Time limit", "gameitem.timelimit.info": "You have {0} to make your move, after that you will be removed from the game.", "gameitem.kick": "Duh!", "gameitem.kick.info": "Do you want to kick {0} out of from this game? A bot will take control of the tribe.", "gameitem.kick.action": "KICK", "gameitem.slow": "Come on..", "gameitem.slow.info": "{0} has {1} to make a move. Send a rude reminder to make {0} hurry up?", "gameitem.slow.action": "REMIND", "gameitem.timeleft": "Cool runnings", "gameitem.timeleft.info": "{0} still has {1} to make a move.", "gameitem.reload": "RELOAD", "gameitem.remind.max": "That's enough", "gameitem.remind.max.info": "Reminder already sent to {0}", "gameitem.remind.notification": "We are waiting for you to play in {0}. Come on!!", "gameitem.remind.notify": "Done", "gameitem.remind.notify.info": "Reminder sent to {0}", "mplayerstats.title": "PLAYER PROFILE", "mplayerstats.clear": "clear data", "mplayerstats.reload": "reload multiplayer data", "mplayerstats.multiplayer.faq": "MULTIPLAYER FAQ", "mplayerstats.alias": "Alias", "mplayerstats.friends": "nº of friends", "mplayerstats.games": "Games Played", "mplayerstats.server": "Server version", "mplayerstats.lost": "Feeling lost? Check the:", "credits.title": "ABOUT", "credits.subtitle": "Indie Delight", "credits.midjiwan": "The Battle of Polytopia is constantly being created by Midjiwan, a tiny indie game studio in Stockholm, Sweden.", "credits.learnmore1": "Want to know everything?", "credits.learnmore2": "Check the extensive Wikia database created by the Polytopia community:", "c

Angular-Directive-Project Directives range from very basic to extremely complex. This project will build up to some somewhat difficult directives. Keep in mind that the format we're learning for directives is the same format used to build some extremely complex things in angular. Using directives often and well is one way to show you're a talented developer. Starting Out We've included only a few things for you to begin with. index.html, app.js, styles.css. At this point the best way to get more comfortable with angular is to initialize an app without relying heavily on boilerplate code (reusable code that starts out your projects for you). You'll notice that in the index.html we've included the angular-route CDN. Yes, we'll be using angular's router here. Put an ng-view into your index.html. In your app.js set up a config and set up our first route for when a user is at the '/home' url. If you're having trouble remembering how to set up the router go look at how you set up the router on the previous project. One way these projects will be beneficial to you is allowing you to look back at something *you** did and seeing how you got that something to work.* You may also want add an otherwise that defaults to /home. Create a controller and a template file for this route in your app folder. Don't forget to include the controller as a script in your index.html Check that everything is hooked up correctly. Try adding a div with some text in your home template just to make sure it's showing up. Once you've got that going you're ready to start on some directives. Now let's make our directive. We'll start with a simple one that we can use to display information passed to it. Step 1. Start your directive Woot. When you're initializing your directive just remember that it works very similarly to how you start up a controller or a service. It can also be very helpful to think of your directive as a route. Create your directive. You'll use the directive method on your angular module. It takes two arguments, the name string and the callback function, which will return the object that represents your directive. When naming your directive give it a name with two words; dirDisplay would be nice, but anything works. Just remember it's best practice to give a directive a camel case name so that it's clear in your html what it is. Also we're going to need a template html for our directive. We could do it inline, but let's make another file instead. Just name it something that makes sense for the name of your directive and put it in the same directory as your directive file. For your template just make a <div> and inside a <h1> tag that says User. Now in your home route html add in your directive. It will look like this if you named it dirDisplay: <dir-display></dir-display> Start up your app and go to the home route. Check and make sure you see User where your directive was placed. If you're not seeing it at this point it could mean a few things. Here's some more common issues. You didn't link your directive in your index as a script. Your name for your directive doesn't match the name in your html. Remember camel case becomes snake case so myDirective becomes <my-directive></my-directive>. You're file path to your html template is wrong. You have to think of file paths in angular as relative to the index. Here's some code to see just for this part, and just for the directive's js file. var app = angular.module('directivePractice'); app.directive('dirDisplay', function(){ return { templateUrl: 'app/directives/dirDisplay.html' }; }); What we're returning is the directive object. You won't see anymore code in this tutorial so it's important you get things working right and refer back to what you've already done to advance from now on. Step 2. Advancing directives Your directive should be loaded up now, but it's not really doing much. Let's make it better. In your home controller. Make a variable on your $scope called user. Set it's value to { name: "Geoff McMammy", age: 43, email: "geofdude@gmail.com" } Now inside your directive's html specifically inside the <h3> tags display our new user's name. Then inside maybe some <h4> tags display his email and age. This is going to work exactly the same as if it was just inside your home controller. Reload the page and make sure it works. This is still very cosmetic and really not all that useful. It needs functionality. Add into your directive's object the link property. The link property's value is a function definition that takes (generally) three parameters. scope, element, and attributes. Unlike in other places with angular injection these parameter names don't carry meaning. The first parameter will always represent your $scope for that directive, the second will always be the element that wraps your whole directive, and the third will always be an object containing all the properties and values of the attributes on your directive in the dom. Try the following to get a feel for all three. Add two attributes to your directive in your html. Like this - <dir-display test="myTest" my-check="checkItOut"></dir-display> Now in the link property you've added console.log the three parameters in the function. You'll see an object for scope that should look identical to the $scope of your html function. For element you'll see an object the represents the DOM wrapper for your directive. For attributes you'll see an object that will look like this: { test: "myTest", myCheck: "checkItOut" } An important thing to notice is how it has again converted snake case to camel case for you. my-check became myCheck. Don't forget this. You'll run into this issue one day. It counts for both attributes and directive names. To feel some of what the link function could do let's try this. Add a ng-show to both the email and age wrappers. This should be familiar to you. Now inside your link function add a click event listener to your element property. It's going to look just like jQuery. element.on('click', function(){ }) Inside the click listener's callback add a toggle for the ng-show property you passed in. Along with a console.log to make sure things are connecting when you click. Try it out. Don't call for a mentor when it doesn't work. Let's talk about that first. You should see the console.log firing, but why isn't it toggling. This is going to be a common problem when working with the link function and event listeners. What we have here is an angular digest problem. The value is changing on the scope object, but the change isn't being reflected by our DOM. That's because angular isn't aware of the change yet. Anytime we cause an event to happen using something like jQuery or even angular's jQLite we need to let angular know that we've made a change. Add this line of code in place of your console.log, scope.$apply(). Now try it out. It should be working now, so if you're still having issues it's time to debug. What we've done is forced angular to run it's digest cycle. This is where angular checks the scope object for changes and then applies those to the DOM. This is another good lesson to learn for later. You'll most likely hit this when making changes to your element using event listeners. Step 3. Directive's re-usability. Now our directive has some extremely basic functionality. One of a directive's greatest advantages though is its ability to be placed anywhere and still be functional. Let's say instead we had a list of users instead of just one. Change the $scope property in your home controller to be users and give it this array as its value: [ { name: "Geoff McMammy", age: 43, email: "geofdude@gmail.com", city: "Provo" }, { name: "Frederick Deeder", age: 26, email: "fredeed@gmail.com", city: "Austin" }, { name: "Spencer Rentz", age: 35, email: "spencerrentz@gmail.com", city: "Sacramento" }, { name: "Geddup Ngo", age: 43, email: "geddupngo@gmail.com", city: "Orlando" }, { name: "Donst Opbie Leevin", age: 67, email: "gernee@gmail.com", city: "Phoenix" } ] Now in your home HTML add a ng-repeat to the directive call. Tell it to repeat for each user in users. Reload your page. It's working! But why? How does each directive instance know what information to display? In the link function console.log the scope parameter. Make sure it's outside of your click listener. You'll see five print outs in your console. Open up any one of them and look to the bottom. Open up the user property. It's exactly what we would want! But again why would that be the case? Don't get too caught up in this next bit if it's too hard to understand, but the ng-repeat is essentially making new tiny scope objects for each individual user in our users array. Now each of our directives is still getting a user property on the scope object just like the directive wanted in the beginning. Woot. Step 4. Ramp it up with Isolate Scope. Directives can do so much more. So let's make that happen. That means we should make.... a new directive!!! This directive's purpose will be to display a selected User and the weather in his/her/its location. Link it up just like the last one. Create a js file for our directive and name it dirWeather. Make an html file named dirWeather.html. Link it up in your index.html and add the template to your new directive object. In your directive's template give it an <h3> tag that says Weather just so we can know it's working. Above your ng-repeat on dirDisplay add your new dirWeather directive. If it's not working check the instructions above as to some common reasons why before asking a mentor for help. If you're seeing the Weather text on your page then we're ready to try out the dreaded Isolate Scope. The isolate scope object is one of the stranger API's in angular. I'm sorry but it is. Just refer to this for now. scope: { string: '@', link: '=', func: '&' } The properties on the scope object represent the attributes on the directive in the html. Our example scope object here would look something like this in the html. <example-directive string="a string" link="user" func="updateUser()"></example-directive> The hard part here is the @, =, and &. They each have very important and distinct meanings. @ says take in my attribute value as a string. = says take in my attribute value as a two-way bound variable from the parent scope. & says take in my attribute value as a reference to a function on the parent scope. It's also critical to point out that once you add a scope object you have no isolated your directive's scope. Meaning, aside from the values passed in through attributes, this directive has no connection to the $scope of its parent. That being said let's isolate our directive's scope. :worried: Add the scope property to your dirWeather. Give it the value of an object with a property of currentUser whose value is '='. Remember in your html this will look like current-user. This is the third time I've said so don't expect it again. This means that whatever comes into the currentUser attribute is going to be a value of the parent's scope object. For now test this out by passing in users[0]. Find a way to show that users information inside your dirWeather's html. Remember inside your directive now the user is represented by currentUser. Step 5. &? &!? The '=' value on your scope object has created a two-way binding between users[0] and currentUser. Now let's try out the '&'. On your home controller add a function called getWeather. It takes one parameter called city. This function will make a call to a service so we'll need to create that. Make a weather service. Name it something cool and creative like weatherService. Inside the weather service make a function called getWeather that also takes one parameter, city. Make an $http get to this url - 'http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q=' After the q= add on the city parameter. If you want you can test this out in postman. See what kind of data you get back. If it's the weather of that city then... you win! Use $q to return a promise that only resolves with the data you want. Temperature (preferably not in Kelvin) and the weather description. Use console.log on the data coming from the $http request to get to what you want. You'll need to add both on an object that you resolve your new promise with. On your home controller have it return the result of invoking the get getWeather function on the service. You should be returning a promise. Now in your home route's HTML pass in the getWeather function to the dirWeather directive through an attribute called weather-call. Add the attribute to your isolate scope object. That was a lot of linking, but let's walk through it. Your controller has a function linked to the service, which is in turn linked to your directive. So if you run the weatherCall function in your directive it will go through your controller to your service and then back. Now things get a little bit tricky. Angular's way of passing along arguments through a directive to your controller are tricky, but once you understand how to do it, it's not hard. I'm going to give an example here of how it works. <my-directive pass-func="callFunc(data)"></my-directive> Here's how it would look in your HTML. But where's the data supposed to be coming from? It seems that you'd rather be able to pass in data from your directive. Well you still can, you just have to essentially tell angular what do use as an argument to replace data when it calls that function in your controller. The actualy function call inside the directive will look like this. $scope.passFunc({data: wantedData}) So what you'll do is pass in an object where the property name is what the argument is named in the HTML where you call the directive. That might sound confusing, but just look at the two code blocks above for a pattern. Note that pass-func becomes $scope.passFunc and data is being replaced with wantedData with the {data: wantedData} object. In our directive we want to replace city in the attribute call, for something else inside the directive. You'll follow the same pattern as above. For now let's get things set up for that function call. Add to the dirWeather directive object a property called controller. It's value will be a function. Yes, this is a controller specifically for your one directive. It works the same as any other controller, except you don't give it a name. It's $scope object will only be accessible within an instance of your directive. Don't forget to inject $scope in the function. Inside your controller function run the weatherCall function with the city property from the currentUser on your $scope. Here's where you need to make sure you've passed in a city argument in the attribute function call, and then replace that with your currentUser's city using an object with a city property. The function call should return a promise, so call .then afterward and add the data onto your $scope to display both the weather and temperature of the currentUser's city. The properties can be named whatever makes sense to you. You may also want to find a way to get rid of all the decimal places on your temperature. Now you should have everything hooked up so it shows Geoff's data and the weather data for Provo. But is that good enough? Step 6. Ramping up our ramp up. Now let's change this so it shows the weather data for whichever user we select. We're going to need to use '&' again. Make a function on the home controller that takes in a parameter and sets a property on the $scope to be that parameter. Maybe you see where this is going. We want to get this function into our dirDisplay controller. But in order to do that we need to isolate dirDisplay's scope. This also means we need to pass in each individual user through the scope object as well. To make it easier on ourselves, let's pass the current user from our ng-repeat into our directive through a user attribute. This way we can leave our two-way bindings as they are. Also pass our new function that sets our current user from our home controller into our directive through a setUser attribute. You'll need to add an argument in there again. Go with user. Your scope object in dirDisplay should have two properties. setUser with the value of '&' and user with the value of '='. As before we're going to need to do some tricky stuff to get our argument back to our controller. Call the setUser function inside our click event listener and pass in an object the sets our user argument to be the user on our directive's scope object. If you've forgotten this part go back up and take a look at how you did it before or the example in this README. Whatever user you click on now should show up in the dirWeather directive as the current user. But we're missing one thing, we want to be able to see the weather for that user too. We'll have to do one more thing that will seem a little bit tricky at first, but it's good to learn if you don't know it already since it's actually used quite frequently. We need to step up a change listener on our currentUser in the dirWeather directive. We'll use angular's $watch functionality. $watch is a method on your $scope that will watch for changes in a variable you give it. It works in two ways. $scope.$watch('property', function(value){ console.log("When $scope.property changes its new value is: ", value) }); And $scope.$watch(function(){ return myVar }, function(value){ console.log("When myVar changes its new value is: ", value); }); Remove the immediate function call that we have in there now. Maybe just comment it out for now because we'll use it in a bit. Now call the $watch method on your scope and have it watch currentUser. Either way of using $watch is fine. Have its callback run the $scope.weatherCall function just like you had it before. One thing to note is that $scope.$watch will always run once to begin with. Since that's what we want here it's great, but just be aware of that. If you've reached this point congratulate yourself. You've messed with some serious stuff today, namely directives. There are still a lot of things about directives that we can't possibly cover in a single project. If you like what we've done so far then you're in a good place to keep going. A developer who understands directives well can build a really clean looking code base. Just look at your home.html. It could have just two lines in it. If you're feeling good move on now to Step 7. Step 7. Finishing touches Try to work out these problems on your own. There should be a way to let the user know that the weather data is loading. Something that appears while our $http request is retrieving our data. The $http request shouldn't fire on both opening and closing a user's information. A color change for the currently active user would be nicer than showing that user's info inside the dirWeather modal. Or at least less redundant. Whatever else you want. We still haven't explored transclusion and ng-transclude so give that a try if you're feeling adventurous. Just know that it's a way for deciding where to put the HTML child elements of a directive. It's cool stuff that can involve some criss-crossing of scopes.

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