An introduction to network analysis and applied graph theory using Python and NetworkX

A list of practical projects that anyone can solve in any programming language (See solutions). These projects are divided into multiple categories, and each category has its own folder. To get started, simply fork this repo. CONTRIBUTING See ways of contributing to this repo. You can contribute solutions (will be published in this repo) to existing problems, add new projects, or remove existing ones. Make sure you follow all instructions properly. Solutions You can find implementations of these projects in many other languages by other users in this repo. Credits Problems are motivated by the ones shared at: Martyr2’s Mega Project List Rosetta Code Table of Contents Numbers Classic Algorithms Graph Data Structures Text Networking Classes Threading Web Files Databases Graphics and Multimedia Security Numbers Find PI to the Nth Digit - Enter a number and have the program generate PI up to that many decimal places. Keep a limit to how far the program will go. Find e to the Nth Digit - Just like the previous problem, but with e instead of PI. Enter a number and have the program generate e up to that many decimal places. Keep a limit to how far the program will go. Fibonacci Sequence - Enter a number and have the program generate the Fibonacci sequence to that number or to the Nth number. Prime Factorization - Have the user enter a number and find all Prime Factors (if there are any) and display them. Next Prime Number - Have the program find prime numbers until the user chooses to stop asking for the next one. Find Cost of Tile to Cover W x H Floor - Calculate the total cost of the tile it would take to cover a floor plan of width and height, using a cost entered by the user. Mortgage Calculator - Calculate the monthly payments of a fixed-term mortgage over given Nth terms at a given interest rate. Also, figure out how long it will take the user to pay back the loan. For added complexity, add an option for users to select the compounding interval (Monthly, Weekly, Daily, Continually). Change Return Program - The user enters a cost and then the amount of money given. The program will figure out the change and the number of quarters, dimes, nickels, pennies needed for the change. Binary to Decimal and Back Converter - Develop a converter to convert a decimal number to binary or a binary number to its decimal equivalent. Calculator - A simple calculator to do basic operators. Make it a scientific calculator for added complexity. Unit Converter (temp, currency, volume, mass, and more) - Converts various units between one another. The user enters the type of unit being entered, the type of unit they want to convert to, and then the value. The program will then make the conversion. Alarm Clock - A simple clock where it plays a sound after X number of minutes/seconds or at a particular time. Distance Between Two Cities - Calculates the distance between two cities and allows the user to specify a unit of distance. This program may require finding coordinates for the cities like latitude and longitude. Credit Card Validator - Takes in a credit card number from a common credit card vendor (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discoverer) and validates it to make sure that it is a valid number (look into how credit cards use a checksum). Tax Calculator - Asks the user to enter a cost and either a country or state tax. It then returns the tax plus the total cost with tax. Factorial Finder - The Factorial of a positive integer, n, is defined as the product of the sequence n, n-1, n-2, ...1, and the factorial of zero, 0, is defined as being 1. Solve this using both loops and recursion. Complex Number Algebra - Show addition, multiplication, negation, and inversion of complex numbers in separate functions. (Subtraction and division operations can be made with pairs of these operations.) Print the results for each operation tested. Happy Numbers - A happy number is defined by the following process. Starting with any positive integer, replace the number by the sum of the squares of its digits, and repeat the process until the number equals 1 (where it will stay), or it loops endlessly in a cycle which does not include 1. Those numbers for which this process ends in 1 are happy numbers, while those that do not end in 1 are unhappy numbers. Display an example of your output here. Find the first 8 happy numbers. Number Names - Show how to spell out a number in English. You can use a preexisting implementation or roll your own, but you should support inputs up to at least one million (or the maximum value of your language's default bounded integer type if that's less). Optional: Support for inputs other than positive integers (like zero, negative integers, and floating-point numbers). Coin Flip Simulation - Write some code that simulates flipping a single coin however many times the user decides. The code should record the outcomes and count the number of tails and heads. Limit Calculator - Ask the user to enter f(x) and the limit value, then return the value of the limit statement Optional: Make the calculator capable of supporting infinite limits. Fast Exponentiation - Ask the user to enter 2 integers a and b and output a^b (i.e. pow(a,b)) in O(LG n) time complexity. Classic Algorithms Collatz Conjecture - Start with a number n > 1. Find the number of steps it takes to reach one using the following process: If n is even, divide it by 2. If n is odd, multiply it by 3 and add 1. Sorting - Implement two types of sorting algorithms: Merge sort and bubble sort. Closest pair problem - The closest pair of points problem or closest pair problem is a problem of computational geometry: given n points in metric space, find a pair of points with the smallest distance between them. Sieve of Eratosthenes - The sieve of Eratosthenes is one of the most efficient ways to find all of the smaller primes (below 10 million or so). Graph Graph from links - Create a program that will create a graph or network from a series of links. Eulerian Path - Create a program that will take as an input a graph and output either an Eulerian path or an Eulerian cycle, or state that it is not possible. An Eulerian path starts at one node and traverses every edge of a graph through every node and finishes at another node. An Eulerian cycle is an eulerian Path that starts and finishes at the same node. Connected Graph - Create a program that takes a graph as an input and outputs whether every node is connected or not. Dijkstra’s Algorithm - Create a program that finds the shortest path through a graph using its edges. Minimum Spanning Tree - Create a program that takes a connected, undirected graph with weights and outputs the minimum spanning tree of the graph i.e., a subgraph that is a tree, contains all the vertices, and the sum of its weights is the least possible. Data Structures Inverted index - An Inverted Index is a data structure used to create full-text search. Given a set of text files, implement a program to create an inverted index. Also, create a user interface to do a search using that inverted index which returns a list of files that contain the query term/terms. The search index can be in memory. Text Fizz Buzz - Write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 100. But for multiples of three print “Fizz” instead of the number and for the multiples of five print “Buzz”. For numbers which are multiples of both three and five print “FizzBuzz”. Reverse a String - Enter a string and the program will reverse it and print it out. Pig Latin - Pig Latin is a game of alterations played in the English language game. To create the Pig Latin form of an English word the initial consonant sound is transposed to the end of the word and an ay is affixed (Ex.: "banana" would yield anana-bay). Read Wikipedia for more information on rules. Count Vowels - Enter a string and the program counts the number of vowels in the text. For added complexity have it report a sum of each vowel found. Check if Palindrome - Checks if the string entered by the user is a palindrome. That is that it reads the same forwards as backward like “racecar” Count Words in a String - Counts the number of individual words in a string. For added complexity read these strings in from a text file and generate a summary. Text Editor - Notepad-style application that can open, edit, and save text documents. Optional: Add syntax highlighting and other features. RSS Feed Creator - Given a link to RSS/Atom Feed, get all posts and display them. Quote Tracker (market symbols etc) - A program that can go out and check the current value of stocks for a list of symbols entered by the user. The user can set how often the stocks are checked. For CLI, show whether the stock has moved up or down. Optional: If GUI, the program can show green up and red down arrows to show which direction the stock value has moved. Guestbook / Journal - A simple application that allows people to add comments or write journal entries. It can allow comments or not and timestamps for all entries. Could also be made into a shoutbox. Optional: Deploy it on Google App Engine or Heroku or any other PaaS (if possible, of course). Vigenere / Vernam / Ceasar Ciphers - Functions for encrypting and decrypting data messages. Then send them to a friend. Regex Query Tool - A tool that allows the user to enter a text string and then in a separate control enter a regex pattern. It will run the regular expression against the source text and return any matches or flag errors in the regular expression. Networking FTP Program - A file transfer program that can transfer files back and forth from a remote web sever. Bandwidth Monitor - A small utility program that tracks how much data you have uploaded and downloaded from the net during the course of your current online session. See if you can find out what periods of the day you use more and less and generate a report or graph that shows it. Port Scanner - Enter an IP address and a port range where the program will then attempt to find open ports on the given computer by connecting to each of them. On any successful connections mark the port as open. Mail Checker (POP3 / IMAP) - The user enters various account information include web server and IP, protocol type (POP3 or IMAP), and the application will check for email at a given interval. Country from IP Lookup - Enter an IP address and find the country that IP is registered in. Optional: Find the Ip automatically. Whois Search Tool - Enter an IP or host address and have it look it up through whois and return the results to you. Site Checker with Time Scheduling - An application that attempts to connect to a website or server every so many minute or a given time and check if it is up. If it is down, it will notify you by email or by posting a notice on the screen. Classes Product Inventory Project - Create an application that manages an inventory of products. Create a product class that has a price, id, and quantity on hand. Then create an inventory class that keeps track of various products and can sum up the inventory value. Airline / Hotel Reservation System - Create a reservation system that books airline seats or hotel rooms. It charges various rates for particular sections of the plane or hotel. For example, first class is going to cost more than a coach. Hotel rooms have penthouse suites which cost more. Keep track of when rooms will be available and can be scheduled. Company Manager - Create a hierarchy of classes - abstract class Employee and subclasses HourlyEmployee, SalariedEmployee, Manager, and Executive. Everyone's pay is calculated differently, research a bit about it. After you've established an employee hierarchy, create a Company class that allows you to manage the employees. You should be able to hire, fire, and raise employees. Bank Account Manager - Create a class called Account which will be an abstract class for three other classes called CheckingAccount, SavingsAccount, and BusinessAccount. Manage credits and debits from these accounts through an ATM-style program. Patient / Doctor Scheduler - Create a patient class and a doctor class. Have a doctor that can handle multiple patients and set up a scheduling program where a doctor can only handle 16 patients during an 8 hr workday. Recipe Creator and Manager - Create a recipe class with ingredients and put them in a recipe manager program that organizes them into categories like desserts, main courses, or by ingredients like chicken, beef, soups, pies, etc. Image Gallery - Create an image abstract class and then a class that inherits from it for each image type. Put them in a program that displays them in a gallery-style format for viewing. Shape Area and Perimeter Classes - Create an abstract class called Shape and then inherit from it other shapes like diamond, rectangle, circle, triangle, etc. Then have each class override the area and perimeter functionality to handle each shape type. Flower Shop Ordering To Go - Create a flower shop application that deals in flower objects and use those flower objects in a bouquet object which can then be sold. Keep track of the number of objects and when you may need to order more. Family Tree Creator - Create a class called Person which will have a name, when they were born, and when (and if) they died. Allow the user to create these Person classes and put them into a family tree structure. Print out the tree to the screen. Threading Create A Progress Bar for Downloads - Create a progress bar for applications that can keep track of a download in progress. The progress bar will be on a separate thread and will communicate with the main thread using delegates. Bulk Thumbnail Creator - Picture processing can take a bit of time for some transformations. Especially if the image is large. Create an image program that can take hundreds of images and converts them to a specified size in the background thread while you do other things. For added complexity, have one thread handling re-sizing, have another bulk renaming of thumbnails, etc. Web Page Scraper - Create an application that connects to a site and pulls out all links, or images, and saves them to a list. Optional: Organize the indexed content and don’t allow duplicates. Have it put the results into an easily searchable index file. Online White Board - Create an application that allows you to draw pictures, write notes and use various colors to flesh out ideas for projects. Optional: Add a feature to invite friends to collaborate on a whiteboard online. Get Atomic Time from Internet Clock - This program will get the true atomic time from an atomic time clock on the Internet. Use any one of the atomic clocks returned by a simple Google search. Fetch Current Weather - Get the current weather for a given zip/postal code. Optional: Try locating the user automatically. Scheduled Auto Login and Action - Make an application that logs into a given site on a schedule and invokes a certain action and then logs out. This can be useful for checking webmail, posting regular content, or getting info for other applications and saving it to your computer. E-Card Generator - Make a site that allows people to generate their own little e-cards and send them to other people. Do not use Flash. Use a picture library and perhaps insightful mottos or quotes. Content Management System - Create a content management system (CMS) like Joomla, Drupal, PHP Nuke, etc. Start small. Optional: Allow for the addition of modules/addons. Web Board (Forum) - Create a forum for you and your buddies to post, administer and share thoughts and ideas. CAPTCHA Maker - Ever see those images with letters numbers when you signup for a service and then ask you to enter what you see? It keeps web bots from automatically signing up and spamming. Try creating one yourself for online forms. Files Quiz Maker - Make an application that takes various questions from a file, picked randomly, and puts together a quiz for students. Each quiz can be different and then reads a key to grade the quizzes. Sort Excel/CSV File Utility - Reads a file of records, sorts them, and then writes them back to the file. Allow the user to choose various sort style and sorting based on a particular field. Create Zip File Maker - The user enters various files from different directories and the program zips them up into a zip file. Optional: Apply actual compression to the files. Start with Huffman Algorithm. PDF Generator - An application that can read in a text file, HTML file, or some other file and generates a PDF file out of it. Great for a web-based service where the user uploads the file and the program returns a PDF of the file. Optional: Deploy on GAE or Heroku if possible. Mp3 Tagger - Modify and add ID3v1 tags to MP3 files. See if you can also add in the album art into the MP3 file’s header as well as other ID3v2 tags. Code Snippet Manager - Another utility program that allows coders to put in functions, classes, or other tidbits to save for use later. Organized by the type of snippet or language the coder can quickly lookup code. Optional: For extra practice try adding syntax highlighting based on the language. Databases SQL Query Analyzer - A utility application in which a user can enter a query and have it run against a local database and look for ways to make it more efficient. Remote SQL Tool - A utility that can execute queries on remote servers from your local computer across the Internet. It should take in a remote host, user name, and password, run the query and return the results. Report Generator - Create a utility that generates a report based on some tables in a database. Generates sales reports based on the order/order details tables or sums up the day's current database activity. Event Scheduler and Calendar - Make an application that allows the user to enter a date and time of an event, event notes, and then schedule those events on a calendar. The user can then browse the calendar or search the calendar for specific events. Optional: Allow the application to create re-occurrence events that reoccur every day, week, month, year, etc. Budget Tracker - Write an application that keeps track of a household’s budget. The user can add expenses, income, and recurring costs to find out how much they are saving or losing over a period of time. Optional: Allow the user to specify a date range and see the net flow of money in and out of the house budget for that time period. TV Show Tracker - Got a favorite show you don’t want to miss? Don’t have a PVR or want to be able to find the show to then PVR it later? Make an application that can search various online TV Guide sites, locate the shows/times/channels and add them to a database application. The database/website then can send you email reminders that a show is about to start and which channel it will be on. Travel Planner System - Make a system that allows users to put together their own little travel itinerary and keep track of the airline/hotel arrangements, points of interest, budget, and schedule. Graphics and Multimedia Slide Show - Make an application that shows various pictures in a slide show format. Optional: Try adding various effects like fade in/out, star wipe, and window blinds transitions. Stream Video from Online - Try to create your own online streaming video player. Mp3 Player - A simple program for playing your favorite music files. Add features you think are missing from your favorite music player. Watermarking Application - Have some pictures you want copyright protected? Add your own logo or text lightly across the background so that no one can simply steal your graphics off your site. Make a program that will add this watermark to the picture. Optional: Use threading to process multiple images simultaneously. Turtle Graphics - This is a common project where you create a floor of 20 x 20 squares. Using various commands you tell a turtle to draw a line on the floor. You have moved forward, left or right, lift or drop the pen, etc. Do a search online for "Turtle Graphics" for more information. Optional: Allow the program to read in the list of commands from a file. GIF Creator A program that puts together multiple images (PNGs, JPGs, TIFFs) to make a smooth GIF that can be exported. Optional: Make the program convert small video files to GIFs as well. Security Caesar cipher - Implement a Caesar cipher, both encoding, and decoding. The key is an integer from 1 to 25. This cipher rotates the letters of the alphabet (A to Z). The encoding replaces each letter with the 1st to 25th next letter in the alphabet (wrapping Z to A). So key 2 encrypts "HI" to "JK", but key 20 encrypts "HI" to "BC". This simple "monoalphabetic substitution cipher" provides almost no security, because an attacker who has the encoded message can either use frequency analysis to guess the key, or just try all 25 keys.

An ANN is a model based on a collection of connected units or nodes called "artificial neurons", which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit information, a "signal", from one artificial neuron to another. An artificial neuron that receives a signal can process it and then signal additional artificial neurons connected to it. In common ANN implementations, the signal at a connection between artificial neurons is a real number, and the output of each artificial neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections between artificial neurons are called "edges". Artificial neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. The original goal of the ANN approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. However, over time, attention moved to performing specific tasks, leading to deviations from biology. Artificial neural networks have been used on a variety of tasks, including computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, social network filtering, playing board and video games and medical diagnosis. Deep learning consists of multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network. This approach tries to model the way the human brain processes light and sound into vision and hearing. Some successful applications of deep learning are computer vision and speech recognition.[68] Decision trees Main article: Decision tree learning Decision tree learning uses a decision tree as a predictive model to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels. Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees. In decision analysis, a decision tree can be used to visually and explicitly represent decisions and decision making. In data mining, a decision tree describes data, but the resulting classification tree can be an input for decision making. Support vector machines Main article: Support vector machines Support vector machines (SVMs), also known as support vector networks, are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that predicts whether a new example falls into one category or the other.[69] An SVM training algorithm is a non-probabilistic, binary, linear classifier, although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting. In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. Illustration of linear regression on a data set. Regression analysis Main article: Regression analysis Regression analysis encompasses a large variety of statistical methods to estimate the relationship between input variables and their associated features. Its most common form is linear regression, where a single line is drawn to best fit the given data according to a mathematical criterion such as ordinary least squares. The latter is often extended by regularization (mathematics) methods to mitigate overfitting and bias, as in ridge regression. When dealing with non-linear problems, go-to models include polynomial regression (for example, used for trendline fitting in Microsoft Excel[70]), logistic regression (often used in statistical classification) or even kernel regression, which introduces non-linearity by taking advantage of the kernel trick to implicitly map input variables to higher-dimensional space. Bayesian networks Main article: Bayesian network A simple Bayesian network. Rain influences whether the sprinkler is activated, and both rain and the sprinkler influence whether the grass is wet. A Bayesian network, belief network, or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independence with a directed acyclic graph (DAG). For example, a Bayesian network could represent the probabilistic relationships between diseases and symptoms. Given symptoms, the network can be used to compute the probabilities of the presence of various diseases. Efficient algorithms exist that perform inference and learning. Bayesian networks that model sequences of variables, like speech signals or protein sequences, are called dynamic Bayesian networks. Generalizations of Bayesian networks that can represent and solve decision problems under uncertainty are called influence diagrams. Genetic algorithms Main article: Genetic algorithm A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm and heuristic technique that mimics the process of natural selection, using methods such as mutation and crossover to generate new genotypes in the hope of finding good solutions to a given problem. In machine learning, genetic algorithms were used in the 1980s and 1990s.[71][72] Conversely, machine learning techniques have been used to improve the performance of genetic and evolutionary algorithms.[73] Training models Usually, machine learning models require a lot of data in order for them to perform well. Usually, when training a machine learning model, one needs to collect a large, representative sample of data from a training set. Data from the training set can be as varied as a corpus of text, a collection of images, and data collected from individual users of a service. Overfitting is something to watch out for when training a machine learning model. Federated learning Main article: Federated learning Federated learning is an adapted form of distributed artificial intelligence to training machine learning models that decentralizes the training process, allowing for users' privacy to be maintained by not needing to send their data to a centralized server. This also increases efficiency by decentralizing the training process to many devices. For example, Gboard uses federated machine learning to train search query prediction models on users' mobile phones without having to send individual searches back to Google.[74] Applications There are many applications for machine learning, including: Agriculture Anatomy Adaptive websites Affective computing Banking Bioinformatics Brain–machine interfaces Cheminformatics Citizen science Computer networks Computer vision Credit-card fraud detection Data quality DNA sequence classification Economics Financial market analysis[75] General game playing Handwriting recognition Information retrieval Insurance Internet fraud detection Linguistics Machine learning control Machine perception Machine translation Marketing Medical diagnosis Natural language processing Natural language understanding Online advertising Optimization Recommender systems Robot locomotion Search engines Sentiment analysis Sequence mining Software engineering Speech recognition Structural health monitoring Syntactic pattern recognition Telecommunication Theorem proving Time series forecasting User behavior analytics In 2006, the media-services provider Netflix held the first "Netflix Prize" competition to find a program to better predict user preferences and improve the accuracy of its existing Cinematch movie recommendation algorithm by at least 10%. A joint team made up of researchers from AT&T Labs-Research in collaboration with the teams Big Chaos and Pragmatic Theory built an ensemble model to win the Grand Prize in 2009 for $1 million.[76] Shortly after the prize was awarded, Netflix realized that viewers' ratings were not the best indicators of their viewing patterns ("everything is a recommendation") and they changed their recommendation engine accordingly.[77] In 2010 The Wall Street Journal wrote about the firm Rebellion Research and their use of machine learning to predict the financial crisis.[78] In 2012, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Vinod Khosla, predicted that 80% of medical doctors' jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software.[79] In 2014, it was reported that a machine learning algorithm had been applied in the field of art history to study fine art paintings and that it may have revealed previously unrecognized influences among artists.[80] In 2019 Springer Nature published the first research book created using machine learning.[81] Limitations Although machine learning has been transformative in some fields, machine-learning programs often fail to deliver expected results.[82][83][84] Reasons for this are numerous: lack of (suitable) data, lack of access to the data, data bias, privacy problems, badly chosen tasks and algorithms, wrong tools and people, lack of resources, and evaluation problems.[85] In 2018, a self-driving car from Uber failed to detect a pedestrian, who was killed after a collision.[86] Attempts to use machine learning in healthcare with the IBM Watson system failed to deliver even after years of time and billions of dollars invested.[87][88] Bias Main article: Algorithmic bias Machine learning approaches in particular can suffer from different data biases. A machine learning system trained on current customers only may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data. When trained on man-made data, machine learning is likely to pick up the same constitutional and unconscious biases already present in society.[89] Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases.[90][91] Machine learning systems used for criminal risk assessment have been found to be biased against black people.[92][93] In 2015, Google photos would often tag black people as gorillas,[94] and in 2018 this still was not well resolved, but Google reportedly was still using the workaround to remove all gorillas from the training data, and thus was not able to recognize real gorillas at all.[95] Similar issues with recognizing non-white people have been found in many other systems.[96] In 2016, Microsoft tested a chatbot that learned from Twitter, and it quickly picked up racist and sexist language.[97] Because of such challenges, the effective use of machine learning may take longer to be adopted in other domains.[98] Concern for fairness in machine learning, that is, reducing bias in machine learning and propelling its use for human good is increasingly expressed by artificial intelligence scientists, including Fei-Fei Li, who reminds engineers that "There’s nothing artificial about AI...It’s inspired by people, it’s created by people, and—most importantly—it impacts people. It is a powerful tool we are only just beginning to understand, and that is a profound responsibility.”[99] Model assessments Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evaluates the performance of the training model on the test set. In comparison, the K-fold-cross-validation method randomly partitions the data into K subsets and then K experiments are performed each respectively considering 1 subset for evaluation and the remaining K-1 subsets for training the model. In addition to the holdout and cross-validation methods, bootstrap, which samples n instances with replacement from the dataset, can be used to assess model accuracy.[100] In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively. Similarly, investigators sometimes report the false positive rate (FPR) as well as the false negative rate (FNR). However, these rates are ratios that fail to reveal their numerators and denominators. The total operating characteristic (TOC) is an effective method to express a model's diagnostic ability. TOC shows the numerators and denominators of the previously mentioned rates, thus TOC provides more information than the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ROC's associated area under the curve (AUC).[101] Ethics Machine learning poses a host of ethical questions. Systems which are trained on datasets collected with biases may exhibit these biases upon use (algorithmic bias), thus digitizing cultural prejudices.[102] For example, using job hiring data from a firm with racist hiring policies may lead to a machine learning system duplicating the bias by scoring job applicants against similarity to previous successful applicants.[103][104] Responsible collection of data and documentation of algorithmic rules used by a system thus is a critical part of machine learning. Because human languages contain biases, machines trained on language corpora will necessarily also learn these biases.[105][106] Other forms of ethical challenges, not related to personal biases, are more seen in health care. There are concerns among health care professionals that these systems might not be designed in the public's interest but as income-generating machines. This is especially true in the United States where there is a long-standing ethical dilemma of improving health care, but also increasing profits. For example, the algorithms could be designed to provide patients with unnecessary tests or medication in which the algorithm's proprietary owners hold stakes. There is huge potential for machine learning in health care to provide professionals a great tool to diagnose, medicate, and even plan recovery paths for patients, but this will not happen until the personal biases mentioned previously, and these "greed" biases are addressed.[107] Hardware Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks (a particular narrow subdomain of machine learning) that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units.[108] By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI.[109] OpenAI estimated the hardware compute used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.[110][111] Software Software suites containing a variety of machine learning algorithms include the following: Free and open-source so

[Archived! Check out http://ericmjl.github.io/Network-Analysis-Made-Simple/] A short tutorial on network analysis using Game of Thrones, US Airports and Python!

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Apply for a loan! Met customers every day, had fun with colleagues. IT MEDIA GROUP AB. Every time a project was finished and started, I felt a satisfaction and joy to have been involved in developing something new and important. The bank has employee benefits that employees can take advantage of. Next. Expenditure categories: milita…, Internal Consultant with Excel, Access and MS-Project, Project Manager Event Sponsorship Marketing Department. Right now, a super low 0.04 percent mortgage interest rate is offered for three-month loans. Huge Selectio. We offer you a stimulating workplace that provides valuable experience from various projects in fintech. I worked in a large team, which I enjoyed very much. Contractual pension. Apply no later than today. their significantly lower costs. Employees have ample opportunities for work rotation which contributes towards personal development and provides opportunities to try new areas of work. At Uniflex, we see our employees as our most important asset and therefore we offer • Collective agreements • Occupational pension • Wellness allowance and other employee benefits • Insurance • Market salary • Career and development We are constantly looking for new colleagues who work in agreement with our guiding stars business focus, commitment, joy and responsibility. employee benefits, which are stated in the instruction. 1 5 10 15 20 SEB SIXRX 29.4 -5.7 3.6 9.7 10.4 26.7 8.0 5.9 12.1 13.4 www.seb.se 9% 14% of total assets of total assets ABB is a leader in power and automation technology. Desktop Menu Toggle. Today, Söderberg & Partners 2017's best performing players in the Swedish financial industry. Expenditures: $ 50,000,000,000,000.00 ICA Bank - Employee Benefits Personal Finance. As a customer advisor, you will answer calls and provide service to private individuals. Employment contract Once you have received your employment contract, it is important that you check that all information is correct. Those who work at Swedbank get the very best conditions. A typical working day was to work both independently and have meetings with colleagues. The job was a challenge but also fun and stimulating. Employees have ample opportunities for work rotation which contributes towards personal development and provides opportunities to try new areas of work. Our Design Hub is located in the heart of Swedbank's modern head office. Work experience. Söderberg & Every year, Partners releases a sustainability analysis of the largest pension companies. In the role of Key Account Manager, you are commercially responsible for the main agreement, which means responsibility for negotiating the main agreement, coordinating business issues and business agreements, updating the agreement in the event of a change and anchoring with the contact persons. Clearing number is the number that identifies the bank and branch to which an account belongs. MENU MENU. That is why we like to see female applicants. Mainly internet. great opportunities to advance in your career. There are some benefits that are tax-free, such as staff care benefits. Variable compensation means compensation that is not determined in advance to Do you want a really low mortgage rate? Variable remuneration to employees and its purpose The Bank's operations are carried out by salaried employees who may have variable remuneration in addition to salary. At Swedbank, there is security and the opportunity to try new things in a stable environment with development opportunities and good employee benefits. Our Design Hub, together with the digital bank's management, business and developer, is located in the heart of Swedbank's modern head office in Sundbyberg. If you do not know the name, ask your HR-department. It is a wonderful and motivating work climate with good staff benefits as wellness allowance. Relatively high workload with stimulating tasks. Benify offers you instant access to your world of employee benefits, rewards and much more. Söderberg & Partner funds have changed their name. Personnel bikes work to help employers provide their employees with benefit bikes in a simple and safe way - something that can be financially beneficial for employers and employees. Your total budget for this promotion is kr85.7…, Gdp: $ 900,450,320,120,900,800.00 Wednesday's announcement is the end for Handelsbanken as we know it. Has taught me to work with various Swedbank's computer programs. Liked everything and everyone at Swedbank, thought everything was fun. CEO, editor-in-chief and responsible publisher: Anna Careborg, Editors and Acting responsible publishers: Maria Rimpi and Martin Ahlquist, Postal address Svenska Dagbladet, 105 17 Stockholm, Subscription matters and e-mail to customer serviceSubscription matters and e-mail to customer service. If you have more than one account (for example, an employee of several companies), you first need to fill in the company name. Benify privately. . In order for us to be able to create a sustainable society for everyone who lives, visits and works in Huddinge, you as an employee are the most important thing we have. Created a poorer work environment by reducing staff, as well as bonus systems. We may start the selection during the application period and welcome your application as soon as possible. If you were to leave Swedbank, what is the primary reason? Since Swedbank was formed about 8 years ago, the focus has been on a completely new bank based on customer contacts via digital channels. Trygghetsförvaltning has changed its name to Proaktiv Förvaltning. It is said that Google to take an SMS loan that grants SMS loans with in the US has been interested, but there to be indebted already at the beginning of its in the future. New report: Pension companies increasingly sustainable. The good reputation spreads, which gives more applications per ad and reduces the need for. These are stated in the bank's established employee benefits, where it is also stated any criteria for issuing the benefit. SvD Näringsliv has taken a closer look at what the conditions look like. 6.5 Severance pay Sparbanken shall ensure that compensation paid to an employee in connection with In December 2016, we announced that a name change would take place as a result of the Swedish Consumer Agency's statement on the Security Administration, there. If you have any questions, you are always welcome to contact us. 6.4 Contractual pension Pension benefits are paid in accordance with law and agreements. Those who work at Swedbank get the very best conditions. Ambea for me salary specification. With personnel loans, super interest rates are offered to all bank employees. Otherwise, they were very instructive. How flexible is Swedbank with working hours and working remotely? Söderberg & Partners - Hållbarhetsrapporten Pensionsbolag 2016. A typical working day was that you came to work at the same times of the day, picked up your work box that you had received from the bank with all your things in, then sat down at any computer table, logged in to computer, opened all the programs to work with and began receiving calls and emails. But the benefit taxation means that it is not quite as good as it first seems. Swedbank and more Swedish banks Clearing number is the number that identifies the bank and the branch to which an account belongs. At the bank, I learned an incredible amount. Flexible working hours are applied. Anxious work environment where everything talked between colleagues concerns how long you can keep your job. Working at ABB gives you an opportunity to contribute to a more prosperous and sustainable world. Apply. ; ‚] Ú ÏÃÎG; ùÄ £ ÷ ä› ÿÃÉ — Îþúêîîê'ÿ "ÿéêêîˆ97› Ò ¥ “2nú & ó $;› t'Ó & á. Customer and employee satisfaction is always on top of the agenda. Are you used to working with complexes sales and has a strong business and customer focus? booked via customer service. Good benefits. Contractual pension The bank does not apply a variable remuneration system with discretionary pension benefits. Then you are the Key Account Manager we are looking for at PayEx! \\ n \\ n Background: \\ n \\ nPayEx is a company with two business areas, PayEx. Swedbank Hypotek AB, 556003-3283 - At allabolag.se you will find, financial statements, key figures, group, group tree, board, Status no less than 24 lenders do it and you pay a fee. Today, they can take out mortgages at 0.04 percent interest. The funds that were previously called Trygghet have now changed their name to Proaktiv, but the services remain the same. The results are based on Söderberg & Partners' annual traffic light report, which contains analyzes of the entire Swedish savings market and is compiled to keep savers informed about how the providers of financial services and products perform. Flashback Forum 46,947 visitors online. Employee benefits according to instruction 12.1.1 3. They stay longer, are more committed and more likely to see themselves as ambassadors for your employer brand. Here you will find - who is employed or affiliated with us - information and routines regarding common personnel-related issues at CLINTEC. Welcome to your benefits portal! employee benefits, which are stated in the instruction. Today, they can take out mortgages at 0.04 percent interest. The tasks only included telephone sales, which meant that I lacked more customer contact. Today, Söderberg & Partners launches a third sustainability report, this time to demonstrate what funds' sustainability work looks like. Holiday work gives you a chance to earn your own money, at the same time as you gain valuable experience for the future. Generous staff prices, a healthy lifestyle and safe conditions. The bank has employee benefits that employees can take advantage of. Here you will find vacancies in the Danske Bank Group. Mercer has extensive experience in designing employee benefits from a strategic perspective. Healthy and able to work… then get a responsibility like this management of ours. Employee benefits Competitive employee benefits. But the benefit taxation means that it is not quite as good as it first seems. Good and innovative company that I would really recommend working in. Customer in focus is always a matter of course. Year 9 is prioritized. Prerequisites for getting holiday work is that you have applied on time, are registered in the municipality. 6.4 Contractual pension Pension benefits are paid in accordance with law and agreements. If something is to change, you must notify us as soon as possible. If your employer pays a private cost of living for you, it is a benefit and you must pay tax on the benefit. E-mail: info@itmediagroup.se Demolish the pyramids! is a book for anyone who is or has a boss. It has been hailed by Bill Clinton and is course literature at Harvard. It has been sold in more than 50 countries and has been called the most important event in Swedish leadership. Benefits. window.SvD.ads.queue.push (function () {Application. Change bank if you want a lower fee. Salary type: Fixed monthly, weekly or hourly salary. WHO ARE YOU? The benefit is normally valued at its market value but in some cases is PayEx is looking for an ambitious Key Account Manager for its sales team. \\ nDo you want to work with an expansive and innovative company in invoice management and financing? • Wellness grants and other employee benefits • Insurance • Market salary • Career and development We are constantly looking for new colleagues who work in accordance with our values ​​business focus, commitment, joy and responsibility. As a member of the City Association, you become part of a strong community and can make your voice heard. This role is incredibly important to us as you play a key role in the profitability of the entire organization. öÉ'¯ù [™ ûóçŸýã´ = û¯ “ïÿõóϾ ± ü Ï? Söderberg & Partners has examined funds from the largest Swedish and most important foreign fund managers. Swedbank is no longer a local bank close to customers. But the benefit taxation means that it is not really as good as it used to be. Those who work at Swedbank get the very best conditions. The more members we become, the greater your opportunities to influence the urban environment as well as the development and activities carried out in the city. Scope / Duration: Full time / Until further notice. The work environment is very friendly cooperative and respectful. ASSEMBLY: SVD. Awesome. Staff / HR at CLINTEC. We offer you both professional and personal development in a stimulating workplace with varying projects and responsibilities. Apply no later than 23 May (4 months 18 days left) Published: 2021-04-19. Hotel staff - 100%. Welcome to us in Mjölby municipality. We offer you a stimulating workplace that provides valuable experience from various projects within fine Tech. Read more about cookies. Swedbank and more Swedish banks. Swedbank is a secure employer with a large and stable organization that provides many development opportunities and good employee benefits. . Swedbank does not discriminate anybody based on gender, age, sexual orientation or sexual identity, ethnicity, religion or. Medvind is an internal system for employees at Ambea. Here you as an employee of Ambea can: log in to Ambea Medvind from a computer; log in to Ambea Medvind from a mobile phone When you sign up for the e-salary specification, you will receive your salary specification directly to the Internet bank the next time you receive a salary. Today, they can take out mortgages at 0.04 percent interest. IT MEDIA GROUP AB. Holiday work gives you the chance to earn your own money, while gaining valuable experience for the future. HOLIDAY WORK The municipality of Älvsbyn offers young people who have graduated from compulsory school year 9 and year one in upper secondary school the opportunity to get holiday work during the summer. Development, Community, Education, Loyalty. Good benefits, good development opportunities. All banks have staff terms on mortgages. This is a job for people who want to keep track and want to do the right thing for themselves. Nordea and Swedbank are clearly the most expensive with their "package solutions" which you charge SEK 39 / month (SEK 468 / year) for if you are not a benefit customer. Trygghetsförvaltning has changed its name to Proaktiv Förvaltning. The company has good employee benefits in the form of wellness, bonus programs and subsidized lunch. . For an attractive city center. As an employee of SEB, you have access to a number of benefits,. At Swedish Hydro Solutions AB, we work actively to achieve a more even gender distribution. Our Design Hub is located in the heart of Swedbank's modern head office. Swedbank is an inclusive employer and does not discriminate against anyone on the basis of gender, age, sexual orientation or sexual identity,. Phone: +46 8 501 370 53.. Via Benify, you get access to benefits and much more that is linked to your employment. Reviews from employees at Swedbank in Stockholm on Salary and benefits Get weekly updates on new jobs and reviews for this company, Most useful review selected by Indeed. You also get a mentor and access to our range of employee benefits. ACCOUNTING Menu Toggle. These are stated in the bank's established employee benefits, where it is also stated any criteria for issuing the benefit. Phone: +46 8 501 370 53. Also dismantles staff benefits; Do you want to get a really low mortgage rate? Good Employer, with great knowledge and people who support each other. What kind of questions were asked during your interview at Swedbank? On a regular day, it is full of customers and varying tasks. We use cookies for swedbank.se and the internet bank to function in a good way. With personnel loans, super interest rates are offered to all bank employees. Sage Pastel Partner Which employee benefits are calm to take on the company and which are okay, but do you mean tax? For the right person, good development opportunities are offered. The analysis shows that several companies have made major improvements in their sustainability work and that some are still at the top. At Swedbank, there is security and the opportunity to try new things in a stable environment with development opportunities and good employee benefits. Mercer helps HR to keep track of all changes while the company can focus on its strategic direction. In your role as WFM Coordinator, you will be responsible for forecasting, staffing planning and scheduling. Engage employees anywhere, anytime. Our community is ready to respond. Like most other companies, we have employee benefits. Welcome to Helsingborg City. Phone: +46 8 501 370 53. Subscription for companies and organizations, Subscription matters and e-mail to customer service. HOME; SOLUTIONS Menu Toggle. Work at a bank. Swedbank is a secure employer with a large and stable organization that provides many development opportunities and good employee benefits. We offer you a stimulating workplace that provides valuable experience from various projects in fintech. Contractual pension. Work at a bank. Now our customer E.ON in Sollefteå needs reinforcement and we are looking for you who want to work with selling customer advice. . }); Do you want to get a really low mortgage rate? ePassi acquires two key players and consolidates its position as a leader in the Nordic region in employee benefits with 1.5 million users. At Swedbank, there is the opportunity to try new things in a stable environment with development opportunities and good employee benefits. Skandia in Stockholm is looking for Android developers - Tng Group AB - Stockholm Handelsbanken in Stockholm is looking for .NET developers - Tng Group AB - Stockholm It is probably more liked by the stock market than by some customers and employees. Söderberg & Partners' funds have changed their name. Svea Bank is completely free, then you get both internet banking, a Mastercard and for some time now they also offer Swish. Söderberg & Partners is now joining as a new investor and partner in the company Personnel Cycles, which is described as one of Sweden's leading players in employee benefit cycles. The bank has employee benefits that employees can take advantage of. Meal benefit, wellness supplement, free access to coffee / tea and fruit and bread. Swedbank as a whole is a good and secure employer. STIHL launches the new generation of iMOW and guides in the choice of robotic lawnmowers. Year 9 is prioritized. Prerequisites for getting holiday work is that you have applied on time, are registered in the municipality. 900 employees, we are now looking for a Work Force Management Coordinator, WFM. E-mail: info@itmediagroup.se We want you. Clearing number for Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB, Swedbank and more Swedish banks Clearing number is the number that identifies the bank and the branch to which an account belongs. 5. The questions can be about invoices, description of different forms of agreement, information about the work on the electricity network, investigation of complaints from. A lot of paperwork, planning and similar tasks. Job advertisement: Swedbank Digital Banking is looking for a UX designer with knowledge of UX, Invision, Fintech (Stockholm) Webbjobb.io uses cookies to help us make the website better. Companies must be listed. Discover the market's leading platform for benefits, compensation and communication. Camping Sölvesborg Sweden Rock , Depreciation Tenancy , Admentum Login Prolympia , Johan Forssell Moderaterna , Hormonplitor Baby 5 Weeks , Behavioral Science, Komvux ,

A simple neural network demo made with brain.js, node.js and sentiment analysis.

What is GPS? By definition, Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide network formed by a group of 24 satellites that orbit earth and transmit signals to the ground stations. These satellites were put into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defence with the intention to cater military requirements. Later, it was made available for civilian benefit. What is GPS Tracking? GPS Tracking is the technique that helps you locate a vehicle, person or an asset using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Is GPS Tracking reliable? Immensely. GPS tracking provides you much accurate results knowing the fact that the signals have to travel thousands of kilometres across the space. GPS results may vary within few dozen feet which means that you can pinpoint whether you are at home or in the park across the street. Applications of GPS Tracking Some of the many applications are:  Company Fleet Management: Assists a company to manage their fleet, cut back on extra costs and improve their efficiency.  Vehicle Tracking: Keep track of your vehicle.  Child Tracking: Know the location of your child.  Elderly people and Special People Tracking: Be with your elders or disabled loved ones in case of emergency.  Prevention of Theft: A vehicle can be easily recovered knowing its location. There are n number of other uses from finding a friend in the market place to track your laptop while travelling. Try it to discover some more. Now, let’s come on to the most widely used application of GPS – Vehicle Tracking. Vehicle tracking Vehicle tracking systems keep an eye on the vehicle in real time to get the full picture of all its travelled locations. Variants of Vehicle Tracking System Passive: Simpler in nature, a tracker (GPS device) is installed on the vehicle, which tracks the location of the vehicle over time. When required, the tracker is removed and data is transferred to computer for analysis and report generation. Active: Bit complex, in this variant tracker transmits the data in real time via satellite to the server. Vehicle tracking software used here evaluates the data constantly as received. Benefits of Vehicle Tracking System Vehicle tracking system uses an integrated vehicle tracking software along with the tracker device to help you achieve the following:  Surveillance – Follow your vehicle on go.  Monitoring of fuel – Oversee the fuel consumption.  Distance Travelled – Distance travelled by vehicle.  Asset tracking – Closely monitor the valuable asset movements and its operating status.  Trailer tracking – Load carrying unit of the vehicle is known as “Trailer”. Track them too!  Transit Tracking – Temporary tracking of cargoes (assets) from one point to another and many more. A number of vehicles under the single ownership or travelling together are termed as “fleet”. So, the above benefits would multiply with the number of vehicles (fleet) and would prove to be of great advantage for fleet management companies. Note: There are various types of vehicle tracking software available in the market and benefits can be enhanced by the choice you make.

Network Analysis Made Simple

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network Analysis

An introduction to network analysis and applied graph theory using Python and NetworkX

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