PHPMailer PHPMailer – A full-featured email creation and transfer class for PHP Test status codecov.io Latest Stable Version Total Downloads License API Docs Features Probably the world's most popular code for sending email from PHP! Used by many open-source projects: WordPress, Drupal, 1CRM, SugarCRM, Yii, Joomla! and many more Integrated SMTP support – send without a local mail server Send emails with multiple To, CC, BCC and Reply-to addresses Multipart/alternative emails for mail clients that do not read HTML email Add attachments, including inline Support for UTF-8 content and 8bit, base64, binary, and quoted-printable encodings SMTP authentication with LOGIN, PLAIN, CRAM-MD5, and XOAUTH2 mechanisms over SMTPS and SMTP+STARTTLS transports Validates email addresses automatically Protects against header injection attacks Error messages in over 50 languages! DKIM and S/MIME signing support Compatible with PHP 5.5 and later, including PHP 8.1 Namespaced to prevent name clashes Much more! Why you might need it Many PHP developers need to send email from their code. The only PHP function that supports this directly is mail(). However, it does not provide any assistance for making use of popular features such as encryption, authentication, HTML messages, and attachments. Formatting email correctly is surprisingly difficult. There are myriad overlapping (and conflicting) standards, requiring tight adherence to horribly complicated formatting and encoding rules – the vast majority of code that you'll find online that uses the mail() function directly is just plain wrong, if not unsafe! The PHP mail() function usually sends via a local mail server, typically fronted by a sendmail binary on Linux, BSD, and macOS platforms, however, Windows usually doesn't include a local mail server; PHPMailer's integrated SMTP client allows email sending on all platforms without needing a local mail server. Be aware though, that the mail() function should be avoided when possible; it's both faster and safer to use SMTP to localhost. Please don't be tempted to do it yourself – if you don't use PHPMailer, there are many other excellent libraries that you should look at before rolling your own. Try SwiftMailer , Laminas/Mail, ZetaComponents etc. License This software is distributed under the LGPL 2.1 license, along with the GPL Cooperation Commitment. Please read LICENSE for information on the software availability and distribution. Installation & loading PHPMailer is available on Packagist (using semantic versioning), and installation via Composer is the recommended way to install PHPMailer. Just add this line to your composer.json file: "phpmailer/phpmailer": "^6.5" or run composer require phpmailer/phpmailer Note that the vendor folder and the vendor/autoload.php script are generated by Composer; they are not part of PHPMailer. If you want to use the Gmail XOAUTH2 authentication class, you will also need to add a dependency on the league/oauth2-client package in your composer.json. Alternatively, if you're not using Composer, you can download PHPMailer as a zip file, (note that docs and examples are not included in the zip file), then copy the contents of the PHPMailer folder into one of the include_path directories specified in your PHP configuration and load each class file manually: <?php use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer; use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception; require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php'; require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php'; require 'path/to/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php'; If you're not using the SMTP class explicitly (you're probably not), you don't need a use line for the SMTP class. Even if you're not using exceptions, you do still need to load the Exception class as it is used internally. Legacy versions PHPMailer 5.2 (which is compatible with PHP 5.0 — 7.0) is no longer supported, even for security updates. You will find the latest version of 5.2 in the 5.2-stable branch. If you're using PHP 5.5 or later (which you should be), switch to the 6.x releases. Upgrading from 5.2 The biggest changes are that source files are now in the src/ folder, and PHPMailer now declares the namespace PHPMailer\PHPMailer. This has several important effects – read the upgrade guide for more details. Minimal installation While installing the entire package manually or with Composer is simple, convenient, and reliable, you may want to include only vital files in your project. At the very least you will need src/PHPMailer.php. If you're using SMTP, you'll need src/SMTP.php, and if you're using POP-before SMTP (very unlikely!), you'll need src/POP3.php. You can skip the language folder if you're not showing errors to users and can make do with English-only errors. If you're using XOAUTH2 you will need src/OAuth.php as well as the Composer dependencies for the services you wish to authenticate with. Really, it's much easier to use Composer! A Simple Example <?php //Import PHPMailer classes into the global namespace //These must be at the top of your script, not inside a function use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer; use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP; use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception; //Load Composer's autoloader require 'vendor/autoload.php'; //Create an instance; passing `true` enables exceptions $mail = new PHPMailer(true); try { //Server settings $mail->SMTPDebug = SMTP::DEBUG_SERVER; //Enable verbose debug output $mail->isSMTP(); //Send using SMTP $mail->Host = 'smtp.example.com'; //Set the SMTP server to send through $mail->SMTPAuth = true; //Enable SMTP authentication $mail->Username = 'user@example.com'; //SMTP username $mail->Password = 'secret'; //SMTP password $mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_SMTPS; //Enable implicit TLS encryption $mail->Port = 465; //TCP port to connect to; use 587 if you have set `SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS` //Recipients $mail->setFrom('from@example.com', 'Mailer'); $mail->addAddress('joe@example.net', 'Joe User'); //Add a recipient $mail->addAddress('ellen@example.com'); //Name is optional $mail->addReplyTo('info@example.com', 'Information'); $mail->addCC('cc@example.com'); $mail->addBCC('bcc@example.com'); //Attachments $mail->addAttachment('/var/tmp/file.tar.gz'); //Add attachments $mail->addAttachment('/tmp/image.jpg', 'new.jpg'); //Optional name //Content $mail->isHTML(true); //Set email format to HTML $mail->Subject = 'Here is the subject'; $mail->Body = 'This is the HTML message body <b>in bold!</b>'; $mail->AltBody = 'This is the body in plain text for non-HTML mail clients'; $mail->send(); echo 'Message has been sent'; } catch (Exception $e) { echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {$mail->ErrorInfo}"; } You'll find plenty to play with in the examples folder, which covers many common scenarios including sending through gmail, building contact forms, sending to mailing lists, and more. If you are re-using the instance (e.g. when sending to a mailing list), you may need to clear the recipient list to avoid sending duplicate messages. See the mailing list example for further guidance. That's it. You should now be ready to use PHPMailer! Localization PHPMailer defaults to English, but in the language folder you'll find many translations for PHPMailer error messages that you may encounter. Their filenames contain ISO 639-1 language code for the translations, for example fr for French. To specify a language, you need to tell PHPMailer which one to use, like this: //To load the French version $mail->setLanguage('fr', '/optional/path/to/language/directory/'); We welcome corrections and new languages – if you're looking for corrections, run the PHPMailerLangTest.php script in the tests folder and it will show any missing translations. Documentation Start reading at the GitHub wiki. If you're having trouble, head for the troubleshooting guide as it's frequently updated. Examples of how to use PHPMailer for common scenarios can be found in the examples folder. If you're looking for a good starting point, we recommend you start with the Gmail example. To reduce PHPMailer's deployed code footprint, examples are not included if you load PHPMailer via Composer or via GitHub's zip file download, so you'll need to either clone the git repository or use the above links to get to the examples directly. Complete generated API documentation is available online. You can generate complete API-level documentation by running phpdoc in the top-level folder, and documentation will appear in the docs folder, though you'll need to have PHPDocumentor installed. You may find the unit tests a good reference for how to do various operations such as encryption. If the documentation doesn't cover what you need, search the many questions on Stack Overflow, and before you ask a question about "SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host.", read the troubleshooting guide. Tests PHPMailer tests use PHPUnit 9, with a polyfill to let 9-style tests run on older PHPUnit and PHP versions. Test status If this isn't passing, is there something you can do to help? Security Please disclose any vulnerabilities found responsibly – report security issues to the maintainers privately. See SECURITY and PHPMailer's security advisories on GitHub. Contributing Please submit bug reports, suggestions and pull requests to the GitHub issue tracker. We're particularly interested in fixing edge-cases, expanding test coverage and updating translations. If you found a mistake in the docs, or want to add something, go ahead and amend the wiki – anyone can edit it. If you have git clones from prior to the move to the PHPMailer GitHub organisation, you'll need to update any remote URLs referencing the old GitHub location with a command like this from within your clone: git remote set-url upstream https://github.com/PHPMailer/PHPMailer.git Please don't use the SourceForge or Google Code projects any more; they are obsolete and no longer maintained. Sponsorship Development time and resources for PHPMailer are provided by Smartmessages.net, the world's only privacy-first email marketing system. Smartmessages.net privacy-first email marketing logo Donations are very welcome, whether in beer 🍺, T-shirts 👕, or cold, hard cash 💰. Sponsorship through GitHub is a simple and convenient way to say "thank you" to PHPMailer's maintainers and contributors – just click the "Sponsor" button on the project page. If your company uses PHPMailer, consider taking part in Tidelift's enterprise support programme. PHPMailer For Enterprise Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription. The maintainers of PHPMailer and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source packages you use to build your applications. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact packages you use. Learn more. Changelog See changelog. History PHPMailer was originally written in 2001 by Brent R. Matzelle as a SourceForge project. Marcus Bointon (coolbru on SF) and Andy Prevost (codeworxtech) took over the project in 2004. Became an Apache incubator project on Google Code in 2010, managed by Jim Jagielski. Marcus created his fork on GitHub in 2008. Jim and Marcus decide to join forces and use GitHub as the canonical and official repo for PHPMailer in 2013. PHPMailer moves to the PHPMailer organisation on GitHub in 2013. What's changed since moving from SourceForge? Official successor to the SourceForge and Google Code projects. Test suite. Continuous integration with Github Actions. Composer support. Public development. Additional languages and language strings. CRAM-MD5 authentication support. Preserves full repo history of authors, commits and branches from the original SourceForge project.

Privacy Policy introduction We understand the importance of personal information to you and will do our utmost to protect your personal information. We are committed to maintaining your trust in us and to abide by the following principles to protect your personal information: the principle of consistency of rights and responsibilities, the principle of purpose , choose the principle of consent, at least the principle of sufficient use, ensure the principle of security, the principle of subject participation, the principle of openness and transparency, and so on. At the same time, we promise that we will take appropriate security measures to protect your personal information according to the industry's mature security solutions. In view of this, we have formulated this "Private Privacy Policy" (hereinafter referred to as "this policy" /This Privacy Policy") and remind you: This policy applies to products or services on this platform. If the products or services provided by the platform are used in the products or services of our affiliates (for example, using the platform account directly) but there is no independent privacy policy, this policy also applies to the products or services. It is important to note that this policy does not apply to other third-party services provided by you, nor to products or services on this platform that have been independently set up with a privacy policy. Before using the products or services on this platform, please read and understand this policy carefully, and use the related products or services after confirming that you fully understand and agree. By using the products or services on this platform, you understand and agree to this policy. If you have any questions, comments or suggestions about the content of this policy, you can contact us through various contact methods provided by this platform. This privacy policy section will help you understand the following: How we collect and use your personal information How do we use cookies and similar technologies? How do we share, transfer, and publicly disclose your personal information? How we protect your personal information How do you manage your personal information? How do we deal with the personal information of minors? How your personal information is transferred globally How to update this privacy policy How to contact us 一、How we collect and use your personal information Personal information refers to various information recorded electronically or otherwise that can identify a specific natural person or reflect the activities of a particular natural person, either alone or in combination with other information. We collect and use your information for the purposes described in this policy. Personal information: （一）Help you become our user To create an account so that we can serve you, you will need to provide the following information: your nickname, avatar, gender, date of birth, mobile number/signal/QQ number, and create a username and password. During the registration process, if you provide the following additional information to supplement your personal information, it will help us to provide you with better service and experience: your real name, real ID information, hometown, emotional status, constellation, occupation, school Your real avatar. However, if you do not provide this information, it will not affect the basic functions of using the platform products or services. The above information provided by you will continue to authorize us during your use of the Service. When you voluntarily cancel your account, we will make it anonymous or delete your personal information as soon as possible in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. （二）Show and push goods or services for you In order to improve our products or services and provide you with personalized information search and transaction services, we will extract your browsing, search preferences, behavioral habits based on your browsing and search history, device information, location information, and transaction information. Features such as location information, indirect crowd portraits based on feature tags, and display and push information. If you do not want to accept commercials that we send to you, you can cancel them at any time through the product unsubscribe feature. （三）Provide goods or services to you 1、Information you provide to us Relevant personal information that you provide to us when registering for an account or using our services, such as phone numbers, emails, bank card numbers or Alipay accounts; The shared information that you provide to other parties through our services and the information that you store when you use our services. Before providing the platform with the aforementioned personal information of the other party, you need to ensure that you have obtained your authorization. 2、Information we collect during your use of the service In order to provide you with page display and search results that better suit your needs, understand product suitability, and identify account anomalies, we collect and correlate information about the services you use and how they are used, including: Device Information: We will receive and record information about the device you are using (such as device model, operating system version, device settings, unique device identifier, etc.) based on the specific permissions you have granted during software installation and use. Information about the location of the device (such as Idiv address, GdivS location, and Wi-Fi that can provide relevant information) Sensor information such as access points, Bluetooth and base stations. Since the services we provide are based on the mobile social services provided by the geographic location, you confirm that the successful registration of the "this platform" account is deemed to confirm the authorization to extract, disclose and use your geographic location information. . If you need to terminate your location information to other users, you can set it to be invisible at any time. Log information: When you use our website or the products or services provided by the client, we will automatically collect your detailed usage of our services as a related web log. For example, your search query content, Idiv address, browser type, telecom carrier, language used, date and time of access, and web page history you visit. Please note that separate device information, log information, etc. are information that does not identify a particular natural person. If we combine such non-personal information with other information to identify a particular natural person or use it in conjunction with personal information, such non-personal information will be treated as personal information during the combined use, except for your authorization. Or as otherwise provided by laws and regulations, we will anonymize and de-identify such personal information. When you contact us, we may save information such as your communication/call history and content or the contact information you left in order to contact you or help you solve the problem or to document the resolution and results of the problem. 3、Your personal information collected through indirect access You can use the products or services provided by our affiliates through the link of the platform provided by our platform account. In order to facilitate our one-stop service based on the linked accounts and facilitate your unified management, we will show you on this platform. Information or recommendations for information you are interested in, including information from live broadcasts and games. You can discover and use the above services through the homepage of the platform, "More" and other functions. When you use the above services through our products or services, you authorize us to receive, aggregate, and analyze from our affiliates based on actual business and cooperation needs, we confirm that their source is legal or that you authorize to consent to your personal information provided to us or Trading Information. If you refuse to provide the above information or refuse to authorize, you may not be able to use the corresponding products or services of our affiliates, or can not display relevant information, but does not affect the use of the platform to browse, chat, release dynamics and other core services. （四）Provide you with security Please note that in order to ensure the authenticity of the user's identity and provide you with better security, you can provide us with identification information such as identity card, military officer's card, passport, driver's license, social security card, residence permit, facial identification, and other biometric information. Personally sensitive information such as Sesame Credit and other real-name certifications. If you refuse to provide the above information, you may not be able to use services such as account management, live broadcast, and continuing risky transactions, but it will not affect your use of browsing, chat and other services. To improve the security of your services provided by us and our affiliates and partners, protect the personal and property of you or other users or the public from being compromised, and better prevent phishing websites, fraud, network vulnerabilities, computer viruses, cyber attacks , security risks such as network intrusion, more accurately identify violations of laws and regulations or the relevant rules of the platform, we may use or integrate your user information, transaction information, equipment information, related web logs and our affiliates, partners to obtain You authorize or rely on the information shared by law to comprehensively judge your account and transaction risks, conduct identity verification, detect and prevent security incidents, and take necessary records, audits, analysis, and disposal measures in accordance with the law. （五）Other uses When we use the information for other purposes not covered by this policy, or if the information collected for a specific purpose is used for other purposes, you will be asked for your prior consent. （六）Exception for authorization of consent According to relevant laws and regulations, collecting your personal information in the following situations does not require your authorized consent: 1、Related to national security and national defense security； 2、Related to public safety, public health, and major public interests； 3、Related to criminal investigation, prosecution, trial and execution of judgments, etc.； 4、It is difficult to obtain your own consent for the maintenance of the important legal rights of the personal information or other individuals’ lives and property； 5、The personal information collected is disclosed to the public by yourself; 二、How do we use cookies and similar technologies? （一）Cookies To ensure that your site is up and running, to give you an easier access experience, and to recommend content that may be of interest to you, we store a small data file called a cookie on your computer or mobile device. Cookies usually contain an identifier, a site name, and some numbers and characters. With cookies, websites can store data such as your preferences. （二）Website Beacons and Pixel Labels In addition to cookies, we use other technologies like web beacons and pixel tags on our website. For example, the email we send to you may contain an address link to the content of our website. If you click on the link, we will track the click to help us understand your product or service preferences so that we can proactively improve customer service. Experience. A web beacon is usually a transparent image that is embedded in a website or email. With the pixel tags in the email, we can tell if the email is open. If you don't want your event to be tracked this way, you can unsubscribe from our mailing list at any time. 三、How do we share, transfer, and publicly disclose your personal information? （一）shared We do not share your personal information with companies, organizations, and individuals other than the platform's service providers, with the following exceptions: 1、Sharing with explicit consent: We will share your personal information with others after obtaining your explicit consent. 2、Sharing under statutory circumstances: We may share your personal information in accordance with laws and regulations, litigation dispute resolution needs, or in accordance with the requirements of the administrative and judicial authorities. 3. Sharing with affiliates: In order to facilitate our services to you based on linked accounts, we recommend information that may be of interest to you or protect the personal property of affiliates or other users or the public of this platform from being infringed. Personal information may be shared with our affiliates. We will only share the necessary personal information (for example, to facilitate the use of our affiliated company products or services, we will share your necessary account information with affiliates) if we share your personal sensitive information or affiliate changes The use of personal information and the purpose of processing will be re-examined for your authorization. 4. Sharing with Authorized Partners: For the purposes stated in this Privacy Policy, some of our services will be provided by us and our authorized partners. We may share some of your personal information with our partners to provide better customer service and user experience. For example, arrange a partner to provide services. We will only share your personal information for legitimate, legitimate, necessary, specific, and specific purposes, and will only share the personal information necessary to provide the service. Our partners are not authorized to use shared personal information for other purposes unrelated to the product or service. Currently, our authorized partners include the following types: (2) Suppliers, service providers and other partners. We send information to suppliers, service providers and other partners who support our business, including providing technical infrastructure services, analyzing how our services are used, measuring the effectiveness of advertising and services, providing customer service, and facilitating payments. Or conduct academic research and investigations. (1) Authorized partners in advertising and analytics services. We will not use your personally identifiable information (information that identifies you, such as your name or email address, which can be used to contact you or identify you) and provide advertising and analytics services, unless you have your permission. Shared by partners. We will provide these partners with information about their advertising coverage and effectiveness, without providing your personally identifiable information, or we may aggregate this information so that it does not identify you personally. For example, we’ll only tell advertisers how effective their ads are when they agree to comply with our advertising guidelines, or how many people see their ads or install apps after seeing ads, or work with them. Partners provide statistical information that does not identify individuals (eg “male, 25-29 years old, in Beijing”) to help them understand their audience or customers. For companies, organizations and individuals with whom we share personal information, we will enter into strict data protection agreements with them to process individuals in accordance with our instructions, this Privacy Policy and any other relevant confidentiality and security measures. information. (2) Transfer We do not transfer your personal information to any company, organization or individual, except: Transfer with the express consent: After obtaining your explicit consent, we will transfer your personal information to other parties; 2, in the case of mergers, acquisitions or bankruptcy liquidation, or other circumstances involving mergers, acquisitions or bankruptcy liquidation, if it involves the transfer of personal information, we will require new companies and organizations that hold your personal information to continue to receive This policy is bound, otherwise we will ask the company, organization and individual to re-seek your consent. (3) Public disclosure We will only publicly disclose your personal information in the following circumstances: We may publicly disclose your personal information by obtaining your explicit consent or based on your active choice; 2, if we determine that you have violated laws and regulations or serious violations of the relevant rules of the platform, or to protect the personal safety of the platform and its affiliates users or the public from infringement, we may be based on laws and regulations or The relevant agreement rules of this platform disclose your personal information, including related violations, and the measures that the platform has taken against you, with your consent. (4) Exceptions for prior authorization of consent when sharing, transferring, and publicly disclosing personal information In the following situations, sharing, transferring, and publicly disclosing your personal information does not require prior authorization from you: Related to national security and national defense security; Related to public safety, public health, and major public interests; 3, related to criminal investigation, prosecution, trial and judgment execution; 4, in order to protect your or other individuals' life, property and other important legal rights but it is difficult to get my consent; Personal information that you disclose to the public on your own; Collect personal information from legally publicly disclosed information, such as legal news reports and government information disclosure. According to the law, sharing, transferring and de-identifying personal information, and ensuring that the data recipient cannot recover and re-identify the personal information subject, does not belong to the external sharing, transfer and public disclosure of personal information. The preservation and processing of the class data will not require additional notice and your consent. How do we protect your personal information? (1) We have taken reasonable and feasible security measures in accordance with the industry's general solutions to protect the security of personal information provided by you, and to prevent unauthorized access, public disclosure, use, modification, damage or loss of personal information. For example, SSL (Secure Socket) when exchanging data (such as credit card information) between your browser and the server Layer) protocol encryption protection; we use encryption technology to improve the security of personal information; we use a trusted protection mechanism to prevent personal information from being maliciously attacked; we will deploy access control mechanisms to ensure that only authorized personnel can access individuals Information; and we will conduct security and privacy protection training courses to enhance employees' awareness of the importance of protecting personal information. (2) We have advanced data security management system around the data life cycle, which enhances the security of the whole system from organizational construction, system design, personnel management, product technology and other aspects. (3) We will take reasonable and feasible measures and try our best to avoid collecting irrelevant personal information. We will only retain your personal information for the period of time required to achieve the purposes stated in this policy, unless the retention period is extended or permitted by law. (4) The Internet is not an absolutely secure environment. We strongly recommend that you do not use personal communication methods that are not recommended by this platform. You can connect and share with each other through our services. When you create communications, transactions, or sharing through our services, you can choose who you want to communicate, trade, or share as a third party who can see your trading content, contact information, exchange information, or share content. If you find that your personal information, especially your account or password, has been leaked, please contact our customer service immediately so that we can take appropriate measures according to your application. Please note that the information you voluntarily share or even share publicly when using our services may involve personal information of you or others or even sensitive personal information, such as when you post a news or choose to upload in public in group chats, circles, etc. A picture containing personal information. Please consider more carefully whether you share or even share information publicly when using our services. Please use complex passwords to help us keep your account secure. We will do our best to protect the security of any information you send us. At the same time, we will report the handling of personal information security incidents in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory authorities. V. How your personal information is transferred globally Personal information collected and generated by us during our operations in the People's Republic of China is stored in China, with the following exceptions: Laws and regulations have clear provisions; 2, get your explicit authorization; 3, you through the Internet for cross-border live broadcast / release dynamics and other personal initiatives. In response to the above, we will ensure that your personal information is adequately protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy.

# Cmder [](https://gitter.im/cmderdev/cmder?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/MartiUK/cmder) Cmder is a **software package** created out of pure frustration over absence of usable console emulator on Windows. It is based on [ConEmu](https://conemu.github.io/) with *major* config overhaul, comes with a Monokai color scheme, amazing [clink](https://chrisant996.github.io/clink/) (further enhanced by [clink-completions](https://github.com/vladimir-kotikov/clink-completions)) and a custom prompt layout.  ## Why use it The main advantage of Cmder is portability. It is designed to be totally self-contained with no external dependencies, which makes it great for **USB Sticks** or **cloud storage**. So you can carry your console, aliases and binaries (like wget, curl and git) with you anywhere. The Cmder's user interface is also designed to be more eye pleasing, and you can compare the main differences between Cmder and ConEmu [here](https://conemu.github.io/en/cmder.html). ## Installation ### Single User Portable Config 1. Download the [latest release](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/releases/) 2. Extract the archive. *Note: This path should not be `C:\Program Files` or anywhere else that would require Administrator access for modifying configuration files* 3. (optional) Place your own executable files into the `%cmder_root%\bin` folder to be injected into your PATH. 4. Run `Cmder.exe` ### Shared Cmder install with Non-Portable Individual User Config 1. Download the [latest release](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/releases/) 2. Extract the archive to a shared location. 3. (optional) Place your own executable files and custom app folders into the `%cmder_root%\bin`. See: [bin/README.md](./bin/Readme.md) - This folder to be injected into your PATH by default. - See `/max_depth [1-5]` in 'Command Line Arguments for `init.bat`' table to add subdirectories recursively. 4. (optional) Place your own custom app folders into the `%cmder_root%\opt`. See: [opt/README.md](./opt/Readme.md) - This folder will NOT be injected into your PATH so you have total control of what gets added. 5. Run `Cmder.exe` with `/C` command line argument. Example: `cmder.exe /C %userprofile%\cmder_config` * This will create the following directory structure if it is missing. ``` c:\users\[CH JaDi Rajput]\cmder_config ├───bin ├───config │ └───profile.d └───opt ``` - (optional) Place your own executable files and custom app folders into `%userprofile%\cmder_config\bin`. - This folder to be injected into your PATH by default. - See `/max_depth [1-5]` in 'Command Line Arguments for `init.bat`' table to add subdirectories recursively. - (optional) Place your own custom app folders into the `%user_profile%\cmder_config\opt`. - This folder will NOT be injected into your PATH so you have total control of what gets added. * Both the shared install and the individual user config locations can contain a full set of init and profile.d scripts enabling shared config with user overrides. See below. ## Cmder.exe Command Line Arguments | Argument | Description | | ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | `/C [user_root_path]` | Individual user Cmder root folder. Example: `%userprofile%\cmder_config` | | `/M` | Use `conemu-%computername%.xml` for ConEmu settings storage instead of `user_conemu.xml` | | `/REGISTER [ALL, USER]` | Register a Windows Shell Menu shortcut. | | `/UNREGISTER [ALL, USER]` | Un-register a Windows Shell Menu shortcut. | | `/SINGLE` | Start Cmder in single mode. | | `/START [start_path]` | Folder path to start in. | | `/TASK [task_name]` | Task to start after launch. | | `/X [ConEmu extras pars]` | Forwards parameters to ConEmu | ## Context Menu Integration So you've experimented with Cmder a little and want to give it a shot in a more permanent home; ### Shortcut to open Cmder in a chosen folder 1. Open a terminal as an Administrator 2. Navigate to the directory you have placed Cmder 3. Execute `.\cmder.exe /REGISTER ALL` _If you get a message "Access Denied" ensure you are executing the command in an **Administrator** prompt._ In a file explorer window right click in or on a directory to see "Cmder Here" in the context menu. ## Keyboard shortcuts ### Tab manipulation * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd> : New tab dialog (maybe you want to open cmd as admin?) * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>W</kbd> : Close tab * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>D</kbd> : Close tab (if pressed on empty command) * <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>#Number</kbd> : Fast new tab: <kbd>1</kbd> - CMD, <kbd>2</kbd> - PowerShell * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Tab</kbd> : Switch to next tab * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>Tab</kbd> : Switch to previous tab * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>#Number</kbd> : Switch to tab #Number * <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>Enter</kbd>: Fullscreen ### Shell * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>U</kbd> : Traverse up in directory structure (lovely feature!) * <kbd>End</kbd>, <kbd>Home</kbd>, <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> : Traversing text with as usual on Windows * <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>R</kbd> : History search * <kbd>Shift</kbd> + Mouse : Select and copy text from buffer _(Some shortcuts are not yet documented, though they exist - please document them here)_ ## Features ### Access to multiple shells in one window using tabs You can open multiple tabs each containing one of the following shells: | Task | Shell | Description | | ---- | ----- | ----------- | | Cmder | `cmd.exe` | Windows `cmd.exe` shell enhanced with Git, Git aware prompt, Clink (GNU Readline), and Aliases. | | Cmder as Admin | `cmd.exe` | Administrative Windows `cmd.exe` Cmder shell. | | PowerShell | `powershell.exe` | Windows PowerShell enhanced with Git and Git aware prompt . | | PowerShell as Admin | `powershell.exe` | Administrative Windows `powershell.exe` Cmder shell. | | Bash | `bash.exe` | Unix/Linux like bash shell running on Windows. | | Bash as Admin | `bash.exe` | Administrative Unix/Linux like bash shell running on Windows. | | Mintty | `bash.exe` | Unix/Linux like bash shell running on Windows. See below for Mintty configuration differences | | Mintty as Admin | `bash.exe` | Administrative Unix/Linux like bash shell running on Windows. See below for Mintty configuration differences | Cmder, PowerShell, and Bash tabs all run on top of the Windows Console API and work as you might expect in Cmder with access to use ConEmu's color schemes, key bindings and other settings defined in the ConEmu Settings dialog. ⚠ *NOTE:* Only the full edition of Cmder comes with a pre-installed bash, using a vendored [git-for-windows](https://gitforwindows.org/) installation. The pre-configured Bash tabs may not work on Cmder mini edition without additional configuration. You may however, choose to use an external installation of bash, such as Microsoft's [Subsystem for Linux](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10) (called WSL) or the [Cygwin](https://cygwin.com/) project which provides POSIX support on windows. ⚠ *NOTE:* Mintty tabs use a program called 'mintty' as the terminal emulator that is not based on the Windows Console API, rather it's rendered graphically by ConEmu. Mintty differs from the other tabs in that it supports xterm/xterm-256color TERM types, and does not work with ConEmu settings like color schemes and key bindings. As such, some differences in functionality are to be expected, such as Cmder not being able to apply a system-wide configuration to it. As a result mintty specific config is done via the `[%USERPROFILE%|$HOME]/.minttyrc` file. You may read more about Mintty and its config file [here](https://github.com/mintty/mintty). An example of setting Cmder portable terminal colors for mintty: From a bash/mintty shell: ``` cd $CMDER_ROOT/vendor git clone https://github.com/karlin/mintty-colors-solarized.git cd mintty-colors-solarized/ echo source \$CMDER_ROOT/vendor/mintty-colors-solarized/mintty-solarized-dark.sh>>$CMDER_ROOT/config/user_profile.sh ``` You may find some Monokai color schemes for mintty to match Cmder [here](https://github.com/oumu/mintty-color-schemes/blob/master/base16-monokai-mod.minttyrc). ### Changing Cmder Default `cmd.exe` Prompt Config File The default Cmder shell `cmd::Cmder` prompt is customized using `Clink` and is configured by editing a config file that exists in one of two locations: - Single User Portable Config `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\cmder_prompt_config.lua` - Shared Cmder install with Non-Portable Individual User Config `%CMDER_USER_CONFIG%\cmder_prompt_config.lua` If your Cmder setup does not have this file create it from `%CMDER_ROOT%\vendor\cmder_prompt_config.lua.default` Customizations include: - Colors. - Single/Multi-line. - Full path/Folder only. - `[user]@[host]` to the beginning of the prompt. - `~` for home directory. - `λ` symbol Documentation is in the file for each setting. ### Changing Cmder Default `cmd.exe` Shell Startup Behaviour Using Task Arguments 1. Press <kbd>Win</kbd> + <kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd> 1. Click either: * `1. {cmd::Cmder as Admin}` * `2. {cmd::Cmder}` 1. Add command line arguments where specified below: *Note: Pay attention to the quotes!* ``` cmd /s /k ""%ConEmuDir%\..\init.bat" [ADD ARGS HERE]" ``` ##### Command Line Arguments for `init.bat` | Argument | Description | Default | | ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | | `/c [user cmder root]` | Enables user bin and config folders for 'Cmder as admin' sessions due to non-shared environment. | not set | | `/d` | Enables debug output. | not set | | `/f` | Enables Cmder Fast Init Mode. This disables some features, see pull request [#1492](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/pull/1942) for more details. | not set | | `/t` | Enables Cmder Timed Init Mode. This displays the time taken run init scripts | not set | | `/git_install_root [file path]` | User specified Git installation root path. | `%CMDER_ROOT%\vendor\Git-for-Windows` | | `/home [home folder]` | User specified folder path to set `%HOME%` environment variable. | `%userprofile%` | | `/max_depth [1-5]` | Define max recurse depth when adding to the path for `%cmder_root%\bin` and `%cmder_user_bin%` | 1 | | `/nix_tools [0-2]` | Define how `*nix` tools are added to the path. Prefer Windows Tools: 1, Prefer *nix Tools: 2, No `/usr/bin` in `%PATH%`: 0 | 1 | | `/svn_ssh [path to ssh.exe]` | Define `%SVN_SSH%` so we can use git svn with ssh svn repositories. | `%GIT_INSTALL_ROOT%\bin\ssh.exe` | | `/user_aliases [file path]` | File path pointing to user aliases. | `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\user_aliases.cmd` | | `/v` | Enables verbose output. | not set | | (custom arguments) | User defined arguments processed by `cexec`. Type `cexec /?` for more usage. | not set | ### Cmder Shell User Config Single user portable configuration is possible using the cmder specific shell config files. Edit the below files to add your own configuration: | Shell | Cmder Portable User Config | | ------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | Cmder | `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\user_profile.cmd` | | PowerShell | `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT\config\user_profile.ps1` | | Bash/Mintty | `$CMDER_ROOT/config/user_profile.sh` | Note: Bash and Mintty sessions will also source the `$HOME/.bashrc` file if it exists after it sources `$CMDER_ROOT/config/user_profile.sh`. You can write `*.cmd|*.bat`, `*.ps1`, and `*.sh` scripts and just drop them in the `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\profile.d` folder to add startup config to Cmder. | Shell | Cmder `Profile.d` Scripts | | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | | Cmder | `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\profile.d\*.bat and *.cmd` | | PowerShell | `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT\config\profile.d\*.ps1` | | Bash/Mintty | `$CMDER_ROOT/config/profile.d/*.sh` | #### Git Status Opt-Out To disable Cmder prompt git status globally add the following to `~/.gitconfig` or locally for a single repo `[repo]/.git/config` and start a new session. *Note: This configuration is not portable* ``` [cmder] status = false # Opt out of Git status for 'ALL' Cmder supported shells. cmdstatus = false # Opt out of Git status for 'Cmd.exe' shells. psstatus = false # Opt out of Git status for 'Powershell.exe and 'Pwsh.exe' shells. shstatus = false # Opt out of Git status for 'bash.exe' shells. ``` ### Aliases #### Cmder(`Cmd.exe`) Aliases You can define simple aliases for `cmd.exe` sessions with a command like `alias name=command`. Cmd.exe aliases support optional parameters through the `$1-9` or the `$*` special characters so the alias `vi=vim.exe $*` typed as `vi [filename]` will open `[filename]` in `vim.exe`. Cmd.exe aliases can also be more complex. See: [DOSKEY.EXE documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/doskey) for additional details on complex aliases/macros for `cmd.exe` Aliases defined using the `alias.bat` command will automatically be saved in the `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\user_aliases.cmd` file To make an alias and/or any other profile settings permanent add it to one of the following: Note: These are loaded in this order by `$CMDER_ROOT/vendor/init.bat`. Anything stored in `%CMDER_ROOT%` will be a portable setting and will follow cmder to another machine. * `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\profile.d\*.cmd` and `\*.bat` * `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\user_aliases.cmd` * `%CMDER_ROOT%\config\user_profile.cmd` #### Bash.exe|Mintty.exe Aliases Bash shells support simple and complex aliases with optional parameters natively so they work a little different. Typing `alias name=command` will create an alias only for the current running session. To make an alias and/or any other profile settings permanent add it to one of the following: Note: These are loaded in this order by `$CMDER_ROOT/vendor/git-for-windows/etc/profile.d/cmder.sh`. Anything stored in `$CMDER_ROOT` will be a portable setting and will follow cmder to another machine. * `$CMDER_ROOT/config/profile.d/*.sh` * `$CMDER_ROOT/config/user_profile.sh` * `$HOME/.bashrc` If you add bash aliases to `$CMDER_ROOT/config/user_profile.sh` they will be portable and follow your Cmder folder if you copy it to another machine. `$HOME/.bashrc` defined aliases are not portable. #### PowerShell.exe Aliases PowerShell has native simple alias support, for example `[new-alias | set-alias] alias command`, so complex aliases with optional parameters are not supported in PowerShell sessions. Type `get-help [new-alias|set-alias] -full` for help on PowerShell aliases. To make an alias and/or any other profile settings permanent add it to one of the following: Note: These are loaded in this order by `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT\vendor\user_profile.ps1`. Anything stored in `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT` will be a portable setting and will follow cmder to another machine. * `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT\config\profile.d\*.ps1` * `$ENV:CMDER_ROOT\config\user_profile.ps1` ### SSH Agent To start the vendored SSH agent simply call `start-ssh-agent`, which is in the `vendor/git-for-windows/cmd` folder. If you want to run SSH agent on startup, include the line `@call "%GIT_INSTALL_ROOT%/cmd/start-ssh-agent.cmd"` in `%CMDER_ROOT%/config/user_profile.cmd` (usually just uncomment it). ### Vendored Git Cmder is by default shipped with a vendored Git installation. On each instance of launching Cmder, an attempt is made to locate any other user provided Git binaries. Upon finding a `git.exe` binary, Cmder further compares its version against the vendored one _by executing_ it. The vendored `git.exe` binary is _only_ used when it is more recent than the user-installed one. You may use your favorite version of Git by including its path in the `%PATH%` environment variable. Moreover, the **Mini** edition of Cmder (found on the [downloads page](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/releases)) excludes any vendored Git binaries. ### Using external Cygwin/Babun, MSys2, WSL, or Git for Windows SDK with Cmder. You may run bash (the default shell used on Linux, macOS and GNU/Hurd) externally on Cmder, using the following instructions: 1. Setup a new task by pressing <kbd>Win</kbd> +<kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd>. 1. Click the `+` button to add a task. 1. Name the new task in the top text box. 1. Provide task parameters, this is optional. 1. Add `cmd /c "[path_to_external_env]\bin\bash --login -i" -new_console` to the `Commands` text box. **Recommended Optional Steps:** Copy the `vendor/cmder_exinit` file to the Cygwin/Babun, MSys2, or Git for Windows SDK environments `/etc/profile.d/` folder to use portable settings in the `$CMDER_ROOT/config` folder. Note: MinGW could work if the init scripts include `profile.d` but this has not been tested. The destination file extension depends on the shell you use in that environment. For example: * bash - Copy to `/etc/profile.d/cmder_exinit.sh` * zsh - Copy to `/etc/profile.d/cmder_exinit.zsh` Uncomment and edit the below line in the script to use Cmder config even when launched from outside Cmder. ``` # CMDER_ROOT=${USERPROFILE}/cmder # This is not required if launched from Cmder. ``` ### Customizing user sessions using `init.bat` custom arguments. You can pass custom arguments to `init.bat` and use `cexec.cmd` in your `user_profile.cmd` to evaluate these arguments then execute commands based on a particular flag being detected or not. `init.bat` creates two shortcuts for using `cexec.cmd` in your profile scripts. #### `%ccall%` - Evaluates flags, runs commands if found, and returns to the calling script and continues. ``` ccall=call C:\Users\user\cmderdev\vendor\bin\cexec.cmd ``` Example: `%ccall% /startnotepad start notepad.exe` #### `%cexec%` - Evaluates flags, runs commands if found, and does not return to the calling script. ``` cexec=C:\Users\user\cmderdev\vendor\bin\cexec.cmd ``` Example: `%cexec% /startnotepad start notepad.exe` It is useful when you have multiple tasks to execute `cmder` and need it to initialize the session differently depending on the task chosen. To conditionally start `notepad.exe` when you start a specific `cmder` task: * Press <kbd>win</kbd>+<kbd>alt</kbd>+<kbd>t</kbd> * Click `+` to add a new task. * Add the below to the `Commands` block: ```batch cmd.exe /k ""%ConEmuDir%\..\init.bat" /startnotepad" ``` * Add the below to your `%cmder_root%\config\user_profile.cmd` ```batch %ccall% "/startNotepad" "start" "notepad.exe"` ``` To see detailed usage of `cexec`, type `cexec /?` in cmder. ### Integrating Cmder with [Hyper](https://github.com/zeit/hyper), [Microsoft VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), and your favorite IDEs Cmder by default comes with a vendored ConEmu installation as the underlying terminal emulator, as stated [here](https://conemu.github.io/en/cmder.html). However, Cmder can in fact run in a variety of other terminal emulators, and even integrated IDEs. Assuming you have the latest version of Cmder, follow the following instructions to get Cmder working with your own terminal emulator. For instructions on how to integrate Cmder with your IDE, please read our [Wiki section](https://github.com/cmderdev/cmder/wiki#cmder-integration). ## Upgrading The process of upgrading Cmder depends on the version/build you are currently running. If you have a `[cmder_root]/config/user[-|_]conemu.xml`, you are running a newer version of Cmder, follow the below process: 1. Exit all Cmder sessions and relaunch `[cmder_root]/cmder.exe`, this backs up your existing `[cmder_root]/vendor/conemu-maximus5/conemu.xml` to `[cmder_root]/config/user[-|_]conemu.xml`. * The `[cmder_root]/config/user[-|_]conemu.xml` contains any custom settings you have made using the 'Setup Tasks' settings dialog. 2. Exit all Cmder sessions and backup any files you have manually edited under `[cmder_root]/vendor`. * Editing files under `[cmder_root]/vendor` is not recommended since you will need to re-apply these changes after any upgrade. All user customizations should go in `[cmder_root]/config` folder. 3. Delete the `[cmder_root]/vendor` folder. 4. Extract the new `cmder.zip` or `cmder_mini.zip` into `[cmder_root]/` overwriting all files when prompted. If you do not have a `[cmder_root]/config/user[-|_]conemu.xml`, you are running an older version of cmder, follow the below process: 1. Exit all Cmder sessions and backup `[cmder_root]/vendor/conemu-maximus5/conemu.xml` to `[cmder_root]/config/user[-|_]conemu.xml`. 2. Backup any files you have manually edited under `[cmder_root]/vendor`. * Editing files under `[cmder_root]/vendor` is not recommended since you will need to re-apply these changes after any upgrade. All user customizations should go in `[cmder_root]/config` folder. 3. Delete the `[cmder_root]/vendor` folder. 4. Extract the new `cmder.zip` or `cmder_mini.zip` into `[cmder_root]/` overwriting all files when prompted. ## Current development builds You can download builds of the current development branch by going to AppVeyor via the following link: [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/MartiUK/cmder/branch/master/artifacts) ## License All software included is bundled with own license The MIT License (MIT) Copyright (c) 2016 Samuel Vasko Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

As a digital marketing company, we have actually driven numerous web site hits, millions of leads as well as also millions of sales. So if you are a local business or a young expert that wants to find out more about marketing management, then you remain in the best place. Today, we're reviewing exactly how advertising managers can develop effective projects, detailed. Our digital marketing firm saves small companies from bad advertising as well as no development, yet of course, in order to do that effectively, our advertising and marketing supervisors have to have extraordinary skills around marketing monitoring. Regrettably, a great deal of the schools today are instructing out-of-date advertising and marketing techniques. As well as the net is swamped with phony experts who show marketing however in fact have no actual experience. This can be an easy catch for anyone just beginning to seek aid regarding the globe of marketing. That's why you should pick up from individuals who have actual experience As Well As can confirm it for greater than one firm. And also these are simply results we've gotten for our firm, using our very own techniques. We have more than 10,000 hrs of actual digital marketing experience and also have aided thousands of business find the very best options to their advertising issues. Just how have we managed to do this? Via our team of marketer! In order for them to offer these efficient options, our marketing supervisors need to have outstanding abilities around marketing administration. And those abilities are precisely what our advertising and marketing supervisors have. We're mosting likely to give you some powerful techniques if you want to learn advertising and marketing monitoring or become a much better marketing manager. In this blog, you will certainly learn exactly how advertising managers can develop effective campaigns, step-by-step. We will certainly discuss: 1. Just how to onboard a brand-new marketing project 2. Just how to structure your strategy 3. How to setup everything 4. And much more! Without further trouble, let's go ahead as well as dive in with action # 1. Action 1: How to onboard a brand-new advertising project Whether you are beginning a new marketing campaign from square one or you are inheriting an existing advertising campaign, it is really important to recognize 2 things. # 1 You require to develop your advertising goals. Now usually we have clients that will certainly claim their objective is to obtain more sales. Yet that is an extremely high-level goal. With that, you'll intend to unbox your goal into something more workable. To break down your objective into actionable parts, we will certainly start to speak about leading as well as lagging indicators. A lagging indicator is normally a result, such as more sales, even more leads, or more web traffic, which are great objectives to have. Yet in order to get to an outcome or a lagging indication, you need a leading indication which is typically an action. Leading signs are points that you can regulate now everyday or each week. And these are the advertising and marketing objectives that you want to develop. As a marketing manager, you need to understand both leading and lagging objectives. # 2 You need to understand your budget. When you onboard an advertising and marketing campaign, you require to understand your campaign budget. If you are unclear about your marketing spending plan or about just how to accurately calculate your marketing budget, we have a thorough video clip that can help you here. Ultimately, the important point below is that you intend to make sure your budget plan matches your objectives. For that reason, if you desire $1 million in sales for instance, then you require to be all set to spend thousands of thousands of dollars. And also honestly, you wish to be as sensible as possible because that's the accountable thing to do as a great online marketer. A lot of people strive for the over night success desire, however the fact is excellent marketing can require time. Now that you have established you require to establish some advertising goals and also a spending plan, after that you can transfer to tip number two, which is "just how to structure your advertising strategy." Action 2: Exactly how to structure your advertising plan The first thing we suggest that you do is to develop an advertising and marketing channel, or really plainly recognize the advertising and marketing channel that already exists. If your business is already generating any type of sales, after that you likely have an advertising and marketing channel whether you understand it or not. It is necessary to recognize which part of the funnel you will certainly need to influence with your advertising project. Understanding the advertising channel will help you pinpoint which stage of the channel demands adjustments. To get a far better understanding of the advertising and marketing channel, let's take a more detailed look at an advertising funnel as well as break down an advertising funnel for B2C (service to customer) as well as B2B (organization to service) firms. At the top of the channel you have the recognition stage. For both B2B or B2C companies this is where potential consumers become aware of your company either by means of search, or an advertisement, or a person referring them to you. The next part of the channel is the interest stage. This is where your capacity clients start to read more concerning your product and services. After that phase of the channel is the consideration stage. This is where your capacity customers actually begin thinking about buying your products. They might begin to review your evaluations or compare your products to others that are on the market. After the consideration stage is the intent phase. This is the stage where the potential client prepares to buy as well as simply needs a little push to complete the transaction. If you're a B2C firm, that implies that a visitor has perhaps added something to their cart. And also if you're a B2B firm, that implies that a site visitor may have asked for a meeting or a live trial. Swiftly after that, the prospective consumer enters the examination stage. This is when the potential consumer is considering the experience they are having as they are having a look at for a B2C company or finishing the contract for a B2B firm. At the really bottom of the channel you have the actual purchase, which is when the potential client becomes a real consumer. As you can see, there is a whole process to getting a client to really end up being a client. On top of that, a channel can continue after the acquisition factor, particularly if you wish to get even more sales from your present consumers. However those phases we pointed out are mosting likely to be the major locations that the majority of marketing managers require to focus on. Nevertheless, if you wish to discover a bit a lot more concerning marketing funnels, check out this blog where we go a lot more thorough with the advertising and marketing channel phases. As you are doing your marketing administration, you wish to begin asking on your own, "Which stage in the advertising and marketing channel does my organization require the most assist with?" You will discover that some business require general understanding prior to they can enhance any other part of their funnel. You may additionally locate that some business have a lot of awareness, yet battle to convert those introduce sales. However, once you recognize where your marketing needs one of the most aid, then you can concentrate there and also start to establish those leading indication objectives. For example, in the recognition stage, you have to focus on getting to a great deal of people. And also if business spending plan you have actually established is reduced, that suggests you will likely require to make use of an organic advertising and marketing approach. Currently let's move on to tip number three, which is just how to establish your advertising and marketing projects Action 3: How to set up your marketing campaigns. The first thing you need to think of below is production. What we indicate by "production" is you need to understand WHO or WHAT you require and WHEN you require it. To figure this out, go back to your leading indications and think about just how you are mosting likely to complete them. Possibly you need a web content writer, a designer, or a marketing spending plan. Or perhaps you require to set aside a couple of hours a day, to hire an agency, or a few other tools to aid you be reliable. The bottom line is, you need to be extremely clear about what deliverables you need as well as when you require them. After manufacturing, we recommend that you track your development. Since doesn't mean you are seeking that delayed indication or that major result that you wish to accomplish. Rather, you'll want to track whether or not your growth is headed in a positive instructions. Ideally, it's very easy to determine a trend line that is going up overtime. For example, if you are publishing on YouTube on a daily basis for six months as well as you are not obtaining any kind of sights whatsoever, then that is an indication that you require to quit and reassess your advertising strategy. One of our company's favorite tools to make use of to track development is Google Analytics. It's very simple to set up on your own as well as ought to take you no time to obtain arrangement and start. As soon as you're set up for success with Google Analytics, you can go on to tip number four, which isn't truly an action however it is a crucial idea to live by. Step 4: Stay with your strategy We have actually stated it before however excellent advertising takes some time. We can't emphasize this sufficient. Unless you have a really large spending plan, we're speaking at the very least $100,000 a year, then you greater than likely will require to focus on one point at a time. That means you wish to put together a really great approach and make sure it functions PRIOR TO you proceed to something that is new and also stylish right now. We suggest you give your technique a minimum of 6 months before you quit. And this is six months of pure quality! That means you are not missing out on due dates and you are putting together an excellent amount of quantity and also top quality work. Bear in mind to still be tracking your outcomes and making sure you're constructing some energy or seeing a positive trend line. Even if the positive trend line is slow, it is still positive. Now allow's go on to our last step. Tip 5: Reporting If you are doing any type of type of advertising and marketing management or if you are an advertising and marketing supervisor on your own, after that at some time you will require to do some reporting. Whether you are reporting to yourself, stakeholders, a supervisor, or a customer, this is an area where you require to successfully interact just how your advertising and marketing is going. When you are connecting, you need to recognize your target market. If you are speaking to an additional advertising and marketing professional or somebody with an advertising background, after that you can possibly utilize more advanced descriptions of your development. 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So understand your numbers, know your target market, as well as be as clear as possible whether the results are good or bad. Establishing in-depth records that are comprehensive sufficient for your audience to recognize is what will assist everyone be on the very same web page. Verdict There you have it-- 5 truly awesome suggestions for advertising monitoring. Tips that we stand by and are confirmed due to the fact that we've used them for our own advertising and marketing projects. In addition, we have actually managed campaigns for our customers that have actually driven numerous hits, numerous leads, and countless sales. That's why we believe you can stand by these important pointers we have actually supplied here.And there's so much extra you can learn more about advertising and marketing for your business! 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Introduction In this project, you will develop a simulator and multiple strategies for the dice game Hog. You will need to use control statements and higher-order functions together, as described in Sections 1.2 through 1.6 of Composing Programs. In Hog, two players alternate turns trying to be the first to end a turn with at least 100 total points. On each turn, the current player chooses some number of dice to roll, up to 10. That player's score for the turn is the sum of the dice outcomes. To spice up the game, we will play with some special rules: Pig Out. If any of the dice outcomes is a 1, the current player's score for the turn is 1. Example 1: The current player rolls 7 dice, 5 of which are 1's. They score 1 point for the turn. Example 2: The current player rolls 4 dice, all of which are 3's. Since Pig Out did not occur, they score 12 points for the turn. Free Bacon. A player who chooses to roll zero dice scores one more than the largest digit in the opponent's total score. Example 1: If the opponent has 42 points, the current player gains 1 + max(4, 2) = 5 points by rolling zero dice. Example 2: If the opponent has 48 points, the current player gains 1 + max(4, 8) = 9 points by rolling zero dice. Example 3: If the opponent has 7 points, the current player gains 1 + max(0, 7) = 8 points by rolling zero dice. Swine Swap. After points for the turn are added to the current player's score, if both scores are larger than 1 and either one of the scores is a positive integer multiple of the other, then the two scores are swapped. Example 1: The current player has a total score of 37 and the opponent has 92. The current player rolls two dice that total 9. The opponent's score (92) is exactly twice the player's new total score (46). These scores are swapped! The current player now has 92 points and the opponent has 46. The turn ends. Example 2: The current player has 91 and the opponent has 37. The current player rolls five dice that total 20. The current player has 111, which is 3 times 37, so the scores are swapped. The opponent ends the turn with 111 and wins the game. Download starter files To get started, download all of the project code as a zip archive. You only have to make changes to hog.py. hog.py: A starter implementation of Hog dice.py: Functions for rolling dice hog_gui.py: A graphical user interface for Hog ucb.py: Utility functions for CS 61A ok: CS 61A autograder tests: A directory of tests used by ok images: A directory of images used by hog_gui.py Logistics This is a 2-week project. This is a solo project, so you will complete this project without a partner. You should not share your code with any other students, or copy from anyone else's solutions. Remember that you can earn an additional bonus point by submitting the project at least 24 hours before the deadline. The project is worth 20 points. 18 points are assigned for correctness, and 2 points for the overall composition of your program. You will turn in the following files: hog.py You do not need to modify or turn in any other files to complete the project. To submit the project, run the following command: python3 ok --submit You will be able to view your submissions on the Ok dashboard. For the functions that we ask you to complete, there may be some initial code that we provide. If you would rather not use that code, feel free to delete it and start from scratch. You may also add new function definitions as you see fit. However, please do not modify any other functions. Doing so may result in your code failing our autograder tests. Also, please do not change any function signatures (names, argument order, or number of arguments). Testing Throughout this project, you should be testing the correctness of your code. It is good practice to test often, so that it is easy to isolate any problems. However, you should not be testing too often, to allow yourself time to think through problems. We have provided an autograder called ok to help you with testing your code and tracking your progress. The first time you run the autograder, you will be asked to log in with your Ok account using your web browser. Please do so. Each time you run ok, it will back up your work and progress on our servers. The primary purpose of ok is to test your implementations, but there are two things you should be aware of. First, some of the test cases are locked. To unlock tests, run the following command from your terminal: python3 ok -u This command will start an interactive prompt that looks like: ===================================================================== Assignment: The Game of Hog Ok, version ... ===================================================================== ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unlocking tests At each "? ", type what you would expect the output to be. Type exit() to quit --------------------------------------------------------------------- Question 0 > Suite 1 > Case 1 (cases remaining: 1) >>> Code here ? At the ?, you can type what you expect the output to be. If you are correct, then this test case will be available the next time you run the autograder. The idea is to understand conceptually what your program should do first, before you start writing any code. Once you have unlocked some tests and written some code, you can check the correctness of your program using the tests that you have unlocked: python3 ok Most of the time, you will want to focus on a particular question. Use the -q option as directed in the problems below. We recommend that you submit after you finish each problem. Only your last submission will be graded. It is also useful for us to have more backups of your code in case you run into a submission issue. The tests folder is used to store autograder tests, so do not modify it. You may lose all your unlocking progress if you do. If you need to get a fresh copy, you can download the zip archive and copy it over, but you will need to start unlocking from scratch. If you do not want us to record a backup of your work or information about your progress, use the --local option when invoking ok. With this option, no information will be sent to our course servers. Graphical User Interface A graphical user interface (GUI, for short) is provided for you. At the moment, it doesn't work because you haven't implemented the game logic. Once you complete the play function, you will be able to play a fully interactive version of Hog! In order to render the graphics, make sure you have Tkinter, Python's main graphics library, installed on your computer. Once you've done that, you can run the GUI from your terminal: python3 hog_gui.py Once you complete the project, you can play against the final strategy that you've created! python3 hog_gui.py -f Phase 1: Simulator In the first phase, you will develop a simulator for the game of Hog. Problem 0 (0 pt) The dice.py file represents dice using non-pure zero-argument functions. These functions are non-pure because they may have different return values each time they are called. The documentation of dice.py describes the two different types of dice used in the project: Dice can be fair, meaning that they produce each possible outcome with equal probability. Example: six_sided. For testing functions that use dice, deterministic test dice always cycle through a fixed sequence of values that are passed as arguments to the make_test_dice function. Before we start writing any code, let's understand the make_test_dice function by unlocking its tests. python3 ok -q 00 -u This should display a prompt that looks like this: ===================================================================== Assignment: Project 1: Hog Ok, version v1.5.2 ===================================================================== ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unlocking tests At each "? ", type what you would expect the output to be. Type exit() to quit --------------------------------------------------------------------- Question 0 > Suite 1 > Case 1 (cases remaining: 1) >>> test_dice = make_test_dice(4, 1, 2) >>> test_dice() ? You should type in what you expect the output to be. To do so, you need to first figure out what test_dice will do, based on the description above. You can exit the unlocker by typing exit() (without quotes). Typing Ctrl-C on Windows to exit out of the unlocker has been known to cause problems, so avoid doing so. Problem 1 (2 pt) Implement the roll_dice function in hog.py. It takes two arguments: a positive integer called num_rolls giving the number of dice to roll and a dice function. It returns the number of points scored by rolling the dice that number of times in a turn: either the sum of the outcomes or 1 (Pig Out). To obtain a single outcome of a dice roll, call dice(). You should call dice() exactly num_rolls times in the body of roll_dice. Remember to call dice() exactly num_rolls times even if Pig Out happens in the middle of rolling. In this way, we correctly simulate rolling all the dice together. Checking Your Work: Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 01 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 01 If the tests don't pass, it's time to debug. You can observe the behavior of your function using Python directly. First, start the Python interpreter and load the hog.py file. python3 -i hog.py Then, you can call your roll_dice function on any number of dice you want, such as 4. >>> roll_dice(4) In most systems, you can evaluate the same expression again by pressing the up arrow or Control-P, then pressing enter or return. You should find that evaluating this call expression gives a different answer each time, since dice rolls are random. The roll_dice function has a default argument value for dice that is a random six-sided dice function. You can also use test dice that fix the outcomes of the dice in advance. For example, rolling twice when you know that the dice will come up 3 and 4 should give a total outcome of 7. >>> fixed_dice = make_test_dice(3, 4) >>> roll_dice(2, fixed_dice) 7 If you find a problem, you need to change your hog.py file, save it, quit Python, start it again, and then start evaluating expressions. Pressing the up arrow should give you access to your previous expressions, even after restarting Python. Once you think that your roll_dice function is correct, run the ok tests again. Tests like these don't prove that your program is exactly correct, but they help you build confidence that this part of your program does what you expect, so that you can trust the abstraction it defines as you proceed. Problem 2 (1 pt) Implement the free_bacon helper function that returns the number of points scored by rolling 0 dice, based on the opponent's current score. You can assume that score is less than 100. For a score less than 10, assume that the first of the two digits is 0. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 02 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 02 You can also test free_bacon interactively by entering python3 -i hog.py in the terminal and then calling free_bacon with various inputs. Problem 3 (1 pt) Implement the take_turn function, which returns the number of points scored for a turn by the current player. Your implementation should call roll_dice when possible. You will need to implement the Free Bacon rule. You can assume that opponent_score is less than 100. Call free_bacon in your implementation of take_turn. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 03 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 03 Problem 4 (1 pt) Implement is_swap, which returns whether or not the scores should be swapped because one is an integer multiple of the other. The is_swap function takes two arguments: the player scores. It returns a boolean value to indicate whether the Swine Swap condition is met. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 04 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 04 Problem 5 (3 pt) Implement the play function, which simulates a full game of Hog. Players alternate turns, each using their respective strategy function (Player 0 uses strategy0, etc.), until one of the players reaches the goal score. When the game ends, play returns the final total scores of both players, with Player 0's score first, and Player 1's score second. Here are some hints: You should use the functions you have already written! You will need to call take_turn with all three arguments. Only call take_turn once per turn. Enforce all the special rules. You can get the number of the other player (either 0 or 1) by calling the provided function other. You can ignore the say argument to the play function for now. You will use it in Phase 2 of the project. A strategy is a function that, given a player's score and their opponent's score, returns how many dice the player wants to roll. A strategy function (such as strategy0 and strategy1) takes two arguments: scores for the current player and opposing player, which both must be non-negative integers. A strategy function returns the number of dice that the current player wants to roll in the turn. Each strategy function should be called only once per turn. Don't worry about the details of implementing strategies yet. You will develop them in Phase 3. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 05 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 05 The last test for Question 5 is a fuzz test, which checks that your play function works for a large number of different inputs. Failing this test means something is wrong, but you should look at other tests to see where the problem might be. Once you are finished, you will be able to play a graphical version of the game. We have provided a file called hog_gui.py that you can run from the terminal: python3 hog_gui.py If you don't already have Tkinter (Python's graphics library) installed, you'll need to install it first before you can run the GUI. The GUI relies on your implementation, so if you have any bugs in your code, they will be reflected in the GUI. This means you can also use the GUI as a debugging tool; however, it's better to run the tests first. Congratulations! You have finished Phase 1 of this project! Phase 2: Commentary In the second phase, you will implement commentary functions that print remarks about the game, such as, "22 points! That's the biggest gain yet for Player 1." A commentary function takes two arguments, the current score for Player 0 and the current score for Player 1. It returns another commentary function to be called on the next turn. It may also print some output as a side effect of being called. The function say_scores in hog.py is an example of a commentary function. The function announce_lead_changes is an example of a higher-order function that returns a commentary function. def say_scores(score0, score1): """A commentary function that announces the score for each player.""" print("Player 0 now has", score0, "and Player 1 now has", score1) return say_scores def announce_lead_changes(previous_leader=None): """Return a commentary function that announces lead changes. >>> f0 = announce_lead_changes() >>> f1 = f0(5, 0) Player 0 takes the lead by 5 >>> f2 = f1(5, 12) Player 1 takes the lead by 7 >>> f3 = f2(8, 12) >>> f4 = f3(8, 13) >>> f5 = f4(15, 13) Player 0 takes the lead by 2 """ def say(score0, score1): if score0 > score1: leader = 0 elif score1 > score0: leader = 1 else: leader = None if leader != None and leader != previous_leader: print('Player', leader, 'takes the lead by', abs(score0 - score1)) return announce_lead_changes(leader) return say Problem 6 (2 pt) Update your play function so that a commentary function is called at the end of each turn. say(score0, score1) should be called at the end of the first turn. Its return value (another commentary function) should be called at the end of the second turn. Each turn, a new commentary function should be called that is the return value of the previous call to a commentary function. Also implement both, a function that takes two commentary functions (f and g) and returns a new commentary function. This new commentary function returns another commentary function which calls the functions returned by calling f and g, in that order. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 06 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 06 Problem 7 (2 pt) Implement the announce_highest function, which is a higher-order function that returns a commentary function. This commentary function announces whenever a particular player gains more points in a turn than ever before. To compute the gain, it must compare the score from last turn to the score from this turn for the player of interest, which is designated by the who argument. This function must also keep track of the highest gain for the player so far. The way in which announce_highest announces is very specific, and your implementation should match the doctests provided. Notice in particular that if the gain is only 1 point, then the message includes "point" in singular form. If the gain is larger, then the message includes "points" in plural form. Use Ok to test your code: python3 ok -q 07 Hint. The announce_lead_changes function provided to you is an example of how to keep track of information using commentary functions. If you are stuck, first make sure you understand how announce_lead_changes works. When you are done, if play the game again, you will see the commentary. python3 hog_gui.py The commentary in the GUI is generated by passing the following function as the say argument to play. both(announce_highest(0), both(announce_highest(1), announce_lead_changes())) Great work! You just finished Phase 2 of the project! Phase 3: Strategies In the third phase, you will experiment with ways to improve upon the basic strategy of always rolling a fixed number of dice. First, you need to develop some tools to evaluate strategies. Problem 8 (2 pt) Implement the make_averaged function, which is a higher-order function that takes a function fn as an argument. It returns another function that takes the same number of arguments as fn (the function originally passed into make_averaged). This returned function differs from the input function in that it returns the average value of repeatedly calling fn on the same arguments. This function should call fn a total of num_samples times and return the average of the results. To implement this function, you need a new piece of Python syntax! You must write a function that accepts an arbitrary number of arguments, then calls another function using exactly those arguments. Here's how it works. Instead of listing formal parameters for a function, we write *args. To call another function using exactly those arguments, we call it again with *args. For example, >>> def printed(fn): ... def print_and_return(*args): ... result = fn(*args) ... print('Result:', result) ... return result ... return print_and_return >>> printed_pow = printed(pow) >>> printed_pow(2, 8) Result: 256 256 >>> printed_abs = printed(abs) >>> printed_abs(-10) Result: 10 10 Read the docstring for make_averaged carefully to understand how it is meant to work. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 08 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 08 Problem 9 (1 pt) Implement the max_scoring_num_rolls function, which runs an experiment to determine the number of rolls (from 1 to 10) that gives the maximum average score for a turn. Your implementation should use make_averaged and roll_dice. If two numbers of rolls are tied for the maximum average score, return the lower number. For example, if both 3 and 6 achieve a maximum average score, return 3. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 09 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 09 To run this experiment on randomized dice, call run_experiments using the -r option: python3 hog.py -r Running experiments For the remainder of this project, you can change the implementation of run_experiments as you wish. By calling average_win_rate, you can evaluate various Hog strategies. For example, change the first if False: to if True: in order to evaluate always_roll(8) against the baseline strategy of always_roll(4). You should find that it wins slightly more often than it loses, giving a win rate around 0.5. Some of the experiments may take up to a minute to run. You can always reduce the number of samples in make_averaged to speed up experiments. Problem 10 (1 pt) A strategy can take advantage of the Free Bacon rule by rolling 0 when it is most beneficial to do so. Implement bacon_strategy, which returns 0 whenever rolling 0 would give at least margin points and returns num_rolls otherwise. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 10 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 10 Once you have implemented this strategy, change run_experiments to evaluate your new strategy against the baseline. You should find that it wins more than half of the time. Problem 11 (2 pt) A strategy can also take advantage of the Swine Swap rule. The swap_strategy rolls 0 if it would cause a beneficial swap. It also returns 0 if rolling 0 would give at least margin points and would not cause a swap. Otherwise, the strategy rolls num_rolls. Before writing any code, unlock the tests to verify your understanding of the question. python3 ok -q 11 -u Once you are done unlocking, begin implementing your solution. You can check your correctness with: python3 ok -q 11 Once you have implemented this strategy, update run_experiments to evaluate your new strategy against the baseline. You should find that it gives a significant edge over always_roll(4). Optional: Problem 12 (0 pt) Implement final_strategy, which combines these ideas and any other ideas you have to achieve a high win rate against the always_roll(4) strategy. Some suggestions: swap_strategy is a good default strategy to start with. There's no point in scoring more than 100. Check whether you can win by rolling 0, 1 or 2 dice. If you are in the lead, you might take fewer risks. Try to force a beneficial swap. Choose the num_rolls and margin arguments carefully. You can check that your final strategy is valid by running Ok. python3 ok -q 12 You can also check your exact final winrate by running python3 calc.py At this point, run the entire autograder to see if there are any tests that don't pass. python3 ok Once you are satisfied, submit to Ok to complete the project. python3 ok --submit You can also play against your final strategy with the graphical user interface: python3 hog_gui.py -f The GUI will alternate which player is controlled by you. Congratulations, you have reached the end of your first CS 61A project! If you haven't already, relax and enjoy a few games of Hog with a friend.

The personalized recommendation system is an intelligent platform based on massive data mining. It can simulate store sales personnel to provide product information and suggestions to customers, and provide fully personalized decision support and information services for customers' shopping. Its goal is to Satisfying the needs of users, meeting the needs that users are not aware of, or realizing, but not expressing the needs, allowing users to go beyond the individual's vision and avoid seeing the trees without seeing the forest. A good recommendation system can greatly increase user loyalty and bring huge benefits to e-commerce. Personalized recommendation is to recommend information and products of interest to users according to their interests and purchasing behavior. As the scale of e-commerce continues to expand, the number and variety of products grow rapidly, and customers need to spend a lot of time to find the products they want to buy. This kind of browsing of a large amount of unrelated information and product processes will undoubtedly cause consumers who are drowning in information overload problems to continue to lose. In order to solve these problems, a personalized recommendation system came into being. The recommendation system is a branch of data mining. It is a special data mining system, which is mainly reflected in the real-time and interactivity of the recommendation system. The system recommends information that meets the interests of the user according to the user's interests, also known as the personalized recommendation system. It not only based on the user's past history, but also needs to react in real time with the behavior of the current period of time, and correct and optimize the recommendation result according to the feedback result of interaction with the user.

This block is some papers how to utilize complex temporal information in Sequential Recommendation or Session-base Recommendation At present, we have collected about twenty to thirty papers, mainly about KDD、CIKM、AAAI、SIGIR、WWW、WSDM、IJCAI, years:2018--2020

In this research, we present a problem of queuing time aware next POI recommendation and demonstrate how it is non-trivial to both recommend a next POI and simultaneously predict its queuing time. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-task, multi head attention transformer model called TLR-M. The model recommends next POIs to the target users and predicts queuing time to access the POIs simultaneously. By utilizing multi-head attention, the TLR-M model can integrate long range dependencies between any two POI visit efficiently and evaluate their contribution to select next POIs and to predict queuing time. To use this code in your research work please cite the following paper. Sajal Halder, Kwan Hui Lim, Jeffrey Chan, and Xiuzhen Zhang. Transformer-based multi-task learning for queuing time aware next poi recommendation. In Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pages 510–523. Springer, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75765-6_41

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As a digital marketing company, we have actually driven numerous web site hits, millions of leads as well as also millions of sales. So if you are a local business or a young expert that wants to find out more about marketing management, then you remain in the best place. Today, we're reviewing exactly how advertising managers can develop effective projects, detailed. Our digital marketing firm saves small companies from bad advertising as well as no development, yet of course, in order to do that effectively, our advertising and marketing supervisors have to have extraordinary skills around marketing monitoring. Regrettably, a great deal of the schools today are instructing out-of-date advertising and marketing techniques. As well as the net is swamped with phony experts who show marketing however in fact have no actual experience. This can be an easy catch for anyone just beginning to seek aid regarding the globe of marketing. That's why you should pick up from individuals who have actual experience As Well As can confirm it for greater than one firm. And also these are simply results we've gotten for our firm, using our very own techniques. We have more than 10,000 hrs of actual digital marketing experience and also have aided thousands of business find the very best options to their advertising issues. Just how have we managed to do this? Via our team of marketer! In order for them to offer these efficient options, our marketing supervisors need to have outstanding abilities around marketing administration. And those abilities are precisely what our advertising and marketing supervisors have. We're mosting likely to give you some powerful techniques if you want to learn advertising and marketing monitoring or become a much better marketing manager. In this blog, you will certainly learn exactly how advertising managers can develop effective campaigns, step-by-step. We will certainly discuss: 1. Just how to onboard a brand-new marketing project 2. Just how to structure your strategy 3. How to setup everything 4. And much more! Without further trouble, let's go ahead as well as dive in with action # 1. Action 1: How to onboard a brand-new advertising project Whether you are beginning a new marketing campaign from square one or you are inheriting an existing advertising campaign, it is really important to recognize 2 things. # 1 You require to develop your advertising goals. Now usually we have clients that will certainly claim their objective is to obtain more sales. Yet that is an extremely high-level goal. With that, you'll intend to unbox your goal into something more workable. To break down your objective into actionable parts, we will certainly start to speak about leading as well as lagging indicators. A lagging indicator is normally a result, such as more sales, even more leads, or more web traffic, which are great objectives to have. Yet in order to get to an outcome or a lagging indication, you need a leading indication which is typically an action. Leading signs are points that you can regulate now everyday or each week. And these are the advertising and marketing objectives that you want to develop. As a marketing manager, you need to understand both leading and lagging objectives. # 2 You need to understand your budget. When you onboard an advertising and marketing campaign, you require to understand your campaign budget. If you are unclear about your marketing spending plan or about just how to accurately calculate your marketing budget, we have a thorough video clip that can help you here. Ultimately, the important point below is that you intend to make sure your budget plan matches your objectives. For that reason, if you desire $1 million in sales for instance, then you require to be all set to spend thousands of thousands of dollars. And also honestly, you wish to be as sensible as possible because that's the accountable thing to do as a great online marketer. A lot of people strive for the over night success desire, however the fact is excellent marketing can require time. Now that you have established you require to establish some advertising goals and also a spending plan, after that you can transfer to tip number two, which is "just how to structure your advertising strategy." Action 2: Exactly how to structure your advertising plan The first thing we suggest that you do is to develop an advertising and marketing channel, or really plainly recognize the advertising and marketing channel that already exists. If your business is already generating any type of sales, after that you likely have an advertising and marketing channel whether you understand it or not. It is necessary to recognize which part of the funnel you will certainly need to influence with your advertising project. Understanding the advertising channel will help you pinpoint which stage of the channel demands adjustments. To get a far better understanding of the advertising and marketing channel, let's take a more detailed look at an advertising funnel as well as break down an advertising funnel for B2C (service to customer) as well as B2B (organization to service) firms. At the top of the channel you have the recognition stage. For both B2B or B2C companies this is where potential consumers become aware of your company either by means of search, or an advertisement, or a person referring them to you. The next part of the channel is the interest stage. This is where your capacity clients start to read more concerning your product and services. After that phase of the channel is the consideration stage. This is where your capacity customers actually begin thinking about buying your products. They might begin to review your evaluations or compare your products to others that are on the market. After the consideration stage is the intent phase. This is the stage where the potential client prepares to buy as well as simply needs a little push to complete the transaction. If you're a B2C firm, that implies that a visitor has perhaps added something to their cart. And also if you're a B2B firm, that implies that a site visitor may have asked for a meeting or a live trial. Swiftly after that, the prospective consumer enters the examination stage. This is when the potential consumer is considering the experience they are having as they are having a look at for a B2C company or finishing the contract for a B2B firm. At the really bottom of the channel you have the actual purchase, which is when the potential client becomes a real consumer. As you can see, there is a whole process to getting a client to really end up being a client. On top of that, a channel can continue after the acquisition factor, particularly if you wish to get even more sales from your present consumers. However those phases we pointed out are mosting likely to be the major locations that the majority of marketing managers require to focus on. Nevertheless, if you wish to discover a bit a lot more concerning marketing funnels, check out this blog where we go a lot more thorough with the advertising and marketing channel phases. As you are doing your marketing administration, you wish to begin asking on your own, "Which stage in the advertising and marketing channel does my organization require the most assist with?" You will discover that some business require general understanding prior to they can enhance any other part of their funnel. You may additionally locate that some business have a lot of awareness, yet battle to convert those introduce sales. However, once you recognize where your marketing needs one of the most aid, then you can concentrate there and also start to establish those leading indication objectives. For example, in the recognition stage, you have to focus on getting to a great deal of people. And also if business spending plan you have actually established is reduced, that suggests you will likely require to make use of an organic advertising and marketing approach. Currently let's move on to tip number three, which is just how to establish your advertising and marketing projects Action 3: How to set up your marketing campaigns. The first thing you need to think of below is production. What we indicate by "production" is you need to understand WHO or WHAT you require and WHEN you require it. To figure this out, go back to your leading indications and think about just how you are mosting likely to complete them. Possibly you need a web content writer, a designer, or a marketing spending plan. Or perhaps you require to set aside a couple of hours a day, to hire an agency, or a few other tools to aid you be reliable. The bottom line is, you need to be extremely clear about what deliverables you need as well as when you require them. After manufacturing, we recommend that you track your development. Since doesn't mean you are seeking that delayed indication or that major result that you wish to accomplish. Rather, you'll want to track whether or not your growth is headed in a positive instructions. Ideally, it's very easy to determine a trend line that is going up overtime. For example, if you are publishing on YouTube on a daily basis for six months as well as you are not obtaining any kind of sights whatsoever, then that is an indication that you require to quit and reassess your advertising strategy. One of our company's favorite tools to make use of to track development is Google Analytics. It's very simple to set up on your own as well as ought to take you no time to obtain arrangement and start. As soon as you're set up for success with Google Analytics, you can go on to tip number four, which isn't truly an action however it is a crucial idea to live by. Action 4: Stay with your strategy We have actually stated it before however excellent advertising takes some time. We can't emphasize this sufficient. Unless you have a really large spending plan, we're speaking at the very least $100,000 a year, then you greater than likely will require to focus on one point at a time. That means you wish to put together a really great approach and make sure it functions PRIOR TO you proceed to something that is new and also stylish right now. We suggest you give your technique a minimum of 6 months before you quit. And this is six months of pure quality! That means you are not missing out on due dates and you are putting together an excellent amount of quantity and also top quality work. Bear in mind to still be tracking your outcomes and making sure you're constructing some energy or seeing a positive trend line. Even if the positive trend line is slow, it is still positive. Now allow's go on to our last step. Action 5: Reporting If you are doing any type of type of advertising and marketing management or if you are an advertising and marketing supervisor on your own, after that at some time you will require to do some reporting. Whether you are reporting to yourself, stakeholders, a supervisor, or a customer, this is an area where you require to successfully interact just how your advertising and marketing is going. When you are connecting, you need to recognize your target market. If you are speaking to an additional advertising and marketing professional or somebody with an advertising background, after that you can possibly utilize more advanced descriptions of your development. However if you are speaking with someone that does not know a lot regarding advertising, after that you want to try to simplify as simply as possible. For instance, you would not begin speaking to a stranger about ROAS, ROI, conversion projects, as well as lead-to-sale conversions since there's a slim chance they would understand what you were discussing. Everything that we cover in this blog are points that you wish to communicate to whoever you are reporting to. To make sure that suggests you want to relate things back to the goals, the budget, the channel, and the positive pattern line. You'll see that poor marketing professionals only care about telling you just how good their negative results are. A bad marketing professional will tell you about all the leads they have actually created but have really little results for conversions. As good marketers, it is our obligation to interact successfully as well as with honesty. So understand your numbers, know your target market, as well as be as clear as possible whether the results are good or bad. Establishing in-depth records that are comprehensive sufficient for your audience to recognize is what will assist everyone be on the very same web page. Conclusion There you have it-- 5 truly awesome suggestions for advertising monitoring. Tips that we stand by and are confirmed due to the fact that we've used them for our own advertising and marketing projects. In addition, we have actually managed campaigns for our customers that have actually driven numerous hits, numerous leads, and countless sales. That's why we believe you can stand by these important pointers we have actually supplied here.And there's so much extra you can learn more about advertising and marketing for your business! Whether you are a small company proprietor or a young specialist that intends to find out more concerning advertising and marketing administration, after that you remain in the right area. Our group of marketer prepare to help you make on your own a better marketer!

With more than half the population of the world hooked onto their phones, online shopping has plenty of fans. It's easy and it's devoid of any trouble. With more and more consumers turning to online shopping every day the number of e-commerce companies in the ecosystem is increasing. Anybody who has something to sell proceeds with starting their own company, this has led to an up rise in the number of competitors in this industry. Which is why standing out in the e-commerce ecosystem is crucial for a company? For this you may have to focus on the following aspects – Avoid Stagnation E-commerce business is like any other business, so doing the same old things that every other company is doing will not be helpful. You need your own tricks and tactics. Introducing new changes and technology will help you attract more consumers and also enable you to maintain them. Constant improvements should be made in every department which will fast track your company. A brisk company will climb its way up the ladder in no time, while a stagnant one will be left behind. Trendsetters Staying trendy is very crucial to your business. Conduct surveys, ask around, take feedbacks – this will help you stay on your toes and work according to your audience. Staying aware of any new tools or technology and incorporating it in your website will help you stay afloat. It’s all about expanding your horizons. Figure out ways to convert your leads into sales. Research says having Customer reviews impacts the sale of a product or service greatly. Also check the statistics to find out why people are not going further than the homepage and then make the required changes. Personalisation Adding a personal touch everywhere will make your customers feel closer to you. For example – sending them an e-mail on their important days. Addressing them by their first name, keeping them updated about all the new developments in the company. All the emails that you send out should have a real sender’s name, so that the person receiving them feels they are being addressed by a real person and this will increase the chances of them opening and reading your e-mails. Go all out to make them feel at ease! Promotions Every new technology or product that you develop needs endorsing. Endorsing your product and services is the fastest and strongest way to reach your audience and generate ROI (Return on Investment). You need to find different pathways to do this – Radio, television, newspaper have always been there; now social media has become the fastest lead generation platform. Affiliate marketing through internet is a trend catching fast amongst e-commerce websites. Affiliate marketing involves the involvement of a third party for example a fashion blogger on whose page you post your advertisement to generate traffic and then based on the pay per clicks concept or lead generation pay this person. Reward the consumer It works big time if you are able to reward the consumer, this immediately ups their level of satisfaction as well as their chances of re-visiting as well as recommending your website to others. Offer discounts, give them a product or small item free with whatever they are buying, or slash prices off of another product that they are buying. This strategy will work wonders for your company. Do it once in a while, reward your regular consumers to create a base of loyal customers who keep coming back to you. Employee Satisfaction While customer satisfaction is an area where every e-commerce company focuses on, employee satisfaction is crucial. Not just for an e-commerce company but for any organisation. Employee benefits, leave’s, perks all need to be monitored and utmost importance should be given to the employees of a company who run the day to day activities of a company. By doing so a company will be able to amass a large and loyal base of hardworking employees who will leave no stone unturned in helping the organisation get to the top. Goals One of the most important ways to optimize your e-commerce organisation is by defining your goals both short term and long term goals. It’s crucial for an e-commerce company to have a long term goal if they wish to remain in the market and create their own mark. Success takes time. Recognition takes time. In the meanwhile you should also have a detailed layout of your immediate goals, taking one step at a time, before the giant leap. By Ananya Singh About the author – I am a freelancer as well as a blogger, currently working as a content developer with an established e-commerce website. I have varied interests and have a knack for reading and writing.

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A web service recommender system based on "Time Aware and Data Sparsity Tolerant Web Service Recommendation Based on Improved Collaborative Filtering".

A time-aware food recommender system built with Python and Django. Suggests personalized meals based on user preferences, meal time, and ingredients using hybrid recommendation techniques.

Developed a deep learning–based emotion-aware movie recommender integrating facial emotion recognition, unsupervised clustering, and real-time computer vision for personalized content delivery

Emotion-aware content recommender — detects your mood via text or webcam and suggests music (Spotify), movies (TMDB), quotes, and articles, with mood tracking over time. Built with Python and Streamlit.

My final year project, an Emotion-Aware Music Recommender, uses ConvNeXt V2 to bridge human affect and digital media. By analyzing real-time facial expressions, it bypasses static history to provide music matching a user's psychological state. Developed with PyTorch and Spotify API, it showcases expertise in CV, DL, and system integration.

A smart, context-aware music recommendation system built on the Spotify API. This app learns an individual user's music preferences based on contextual data like time of day, location, and user activity (e.g., "at the gym", "studying"), and aims to recommend music accordingly.

A clean end-to-end ML + LLM pipeline that predicts 30-day customer spend and purchase intent from behavioral RFM signals. Powered by a time-aware Lasso model (RMSE ≈ 3477) and served via FastAPI, the system returns not just predictions — but segments, insights, and recommended actions for real marketing decisions. From raw transactions → value pre

The system recommends research papers to the users on digital platforms using a link prediction algorithm and social network data analysis. Articles are studied by researchers and scientists in order to improve their research. They have user accounts on various digital libraries in order to access various articles and papers. We would find two user accounts who are followers on LinkedIn as well with similar research ideas and we would recommend the papers of which one person worked on to another person so that it saves their time by presenting them with similar content they may not be aware of. Traditional article recommendation systems do not take the user's information into account; instead, they display the same results in the same order for each researcher.

Everything you post or do should be tied back to one of your goals as a the business owner. To start, define what these goals are and think about how you’ll measure the success of your efforts you put in. Social media marketing requires a lot of testing and trying out different step; you can’t improve any particular aspect of it without knowing what signals to pay attention at. You can even use these different signals which will vary from channel to channel to define targets for your social media, efforts to help you stay motivated and on track process. Here are just some of the goals you should consider for your social media marketing, which you can add to your strategy over time are drive brand awareness, create demand for your products, acquire leads, get sales, drive offline traffic, network to form partnerships, build a loyal following, establish social proof and provide customer service become a thought leader in your target market are social media gives you a voice that you can use to not only participate in conversations, but shift them in the direction you think they should go in and build credibility around your products brand or services. All of your choices should aim to tick one or more of these boxes, and any ideas and new tactics you plan out to test should be evaluated on their potential to achieve these goals. Some of them may be long-term investments while others are more immediate reaction. Marketing, on and off social media, starts with understanding your ideal customer minds. Building a rich context about your target audience takes time, but there are steps you can take immediately that will put you in a better position at the start of the plan. Spend some time researching your target audience, looking for demographic and psychographic data or observable patterns that help you form a mental image of who is likely to buy from you. This exercise won’t just inform your initial strategy but also help you develop a voice and tone for your brand that resonates with them. If your business naturally focuses on a specific niche like cat owners, for example, your job will be easier than you have imagined if you’re trying to appeal to a more general audience like a telecommunications or airline brands. I recommend lurking in the places your intended customers often hang out, blog comments for example, to see what they’re interested in. Facebook, being one of the largest social media marketing services and thus it have a database of 2.3 billion monthly active users, is also a great place to do some audience research. Check out your competitors’ pages, clicking through on the profiles of some of their engaged followers to get a better sense of who they are and what they like. Once you’ve done some digging, you can put it all together to create an ideal customer, or buyer persona thing, who is likely to buy from you. You don’t have to fill out every trait, but describe what you can to paint an image of this person as it is relevant to your social media marketing agency will look for these location, age, gender, interests, career/industry, income level, relationship status, favourite sites/apps, and motivation to buy and buying concerns.

Cut-off machines and diamond chainsaws are the two most common concrete cutting tools, and their uses overlap quite a bit, but they are not interchangeable. By understanding the differences between these two types of equipment, employees will be able to make the best suggestions to your customers, resulting in the most successful rentals. Cut-off machines -- the industry standard The go-to choice for most jobs, cut-off machines are hand-held saws used to cut concrete, asphalt and metal. They use either a composite resin abrasive wheel or diamond blade to cut in various construction applications. Typically available in 12- or 14-inch sizes, cut-off machines can be powered by a two-stroke gas engine, a hydraulic power unit, an air compressor or an electric motor. The choice of power source depends on the application. According to Tom Carroll at CS Unitec, electric saws are popular with homeowners because they're lightweight, less noisy and simpler to use than other types of cut-off machines. They aren't as powerful, however, and can take longer to complete a job. "Homeowners won't know they're missing that power," notes Kevin Axt at Hilti. "For professionals, an electric cutter is preferred in enclosed environments. In cases like those, it's less about performance and more about what's needed in that particular environment." Hydraulic saws, on the other hand, have the highest power to weight ratio. They're convenient because most contractors have a hydraulic power unit on hand, but they're more expensive and less forgiving than a pneumatic saw, for example. "They can build up pressure in the hydraulic line," Carroll notes, which can result in difficult handling. "Also, a leak in a hydraulic line can be dangerous and expensive." Pneumatic saws are also convenient for contractors, since air compressors are ubiquitous on jobsites. Operation is simple and has fewer potential hazards, Carroll says. "If the blade stalls, you just release the air pressure," he says, adding that there's also no risk of fluid leaks. Pneumatic saws are lightweight and simple to maintain as well. Axt at Hilti points out that pneumatic saws can be more expensive to use, however, due to the need for a compressor and diesel fuel to power it. Most popular among the various types of cut-off machines are gas-powered saws. These saws offer the advantage of portability and familiarity, as most users have operated gas-powered equipment before. They do require more maintenance, however. Besides power requirements and maintenance, there's also the question of weight vs. performance. Operators appreciate a lighter saw because they're easier to use, but there is a trade-off. "It depends on what the customer really wants," says Axt. "If the saw is lighter, it will cut shallow with more passes, so it might take longer. A heavier saw, on the other hand, will cut deeper and faster, but is heavier, which can make it harder to handle for some operators." He continues, "For some, time is money. Others prefer to save wear and tear on the operator." There are several things customers should be aware of when renting a cut-off machine. "The rental professional and the end-user should read, understand and follow the directions and warnings in the instruction manual," says Steve Parmentier, manager of strategic accounts at Stihl Inc. "Each end-user should be given a copy of the instruction manual when renting a cut-off machine, or any power tool. The rental dealer should also have personal protective equipment available, and it should be offered to all rental customers." Diamond chainsaws meet a unique need A diamond chainsaw is a tool designed like a wood-cutting chainsaw, with a power head, guidebar and chain which is driven by a sprocket from the power head around the guidebar, explains Bill Bray, vice president of sales and marketing at ICS, Blount Inc. As its name suggests, the chain on a diamond chainsaw incorporates diamond segments that are laser welded to the chain in place of the cutting teeth typical with a wood saw. The diamond segments, like on a traditional circular diamond blade, essentially create a grinding action that wears away the concrete, brick or other aggregate material. This grinding action creates a very safe cutting operation with none of the kickback that is associated with a wood chain. Diamond chainsaws offer several advantages over the circular-blade cut-off machines, says Bray. "The chainsaw is designed to actually plunge nose first into the material and has the ability to cut more than twice as deep as a 14-inch circular blade. The smallest ICS gas saw allows a full 10-inch deep cut, and depending on the saw model, there are gas saws that can cut a full 16-inch depth," Bray says. A gas saw with a 12-inch depth of cut is the most common in rental companies. There are hydraulic diamond chainsaws that can cut to a 25-inch depth. A 14-inch circular blade on a cut-off saw is designed for a maximum depth of slightly less than five inches. "Because a diamond chainsaw uses a guidebar with a long narrow flat surface, the saw can provide a deeper cut with no overcut, allowing the operator to make square corners. This is not possible with a circular blade," Bray says. "Diamond chainsaws not only cut deeper with no overcuts, but they can be used to make openings as small as 4"x4"x the cutting depth of the bar. They are also useful in creating odd-shaped cuts in material." When selecting a diamond chainsaw, the most important thing for a rental business to consider is whether the customer needs to cut openings deeper than five inches. "If the answer is yes, then a diamond chainsaw is the right tool," says Bray. "Most rental companies begin with a gas-driven two-cycle engine, as it offers portability and a lower initial investment." ICS recommends at least an 80cc engine which can use either a 12- or 14-inch cutting-depth guidebar. If the rental company has contractors with significant cutting needs, they might want to consider a hydraulic or pneumatic diamond chainsaw, which have more power and can utilize guidebars for openings up to 25 inches. There's a higher power to weight ratio with hydraulic and pneumatic diamond chainsaws," explains Carroll at CS Unitec. "If you're cutting hard concrete with steel reinforcement, you'll get much higher performance from pneumatic or hydraulic saws."

This project implements a time-aware recommender system using the Instacart dataset. It compares a standard SASRec model with a time-enhanced version that incorporates temporal features

A novel time aware food recommendation system for the prediction of the food by ingredients and time variants

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A Novel Time-Aware Food Recommender System suggests personalized meals by integrating user preferences with temporal factors like time of day, day of week, and seasons. This enhances recommendation relevance, helping users make better food choices aligned with their habits and context.

A Time-Aware CNN-Based Personalized Recommender System

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A Novel Time-Aware Food Recommender-System Based on Deep Learning and Graph Clustering