16 Text Preprocessing Techniques in Python for Twitter Sentiment Analysis.

An ANN is a model based on a collection of connected units or nodes called "artificial neurons", which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit information, a "signal", from one artificial neuron to another. An artificial neuron that receives a signal can process it and then signal additional artificial neurons connected to it. In common ANN implementations, the signal at a connection between artificial neurons is a real number, and the output of each artificial neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections between artificial neurons are called "edges". Artificial neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. The original goal of the ANN approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. However, over time, attention moved to performing specific tasks, leading to deviations from biology. Artificial neural networks have been used on a variety of tasks, including computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, social network filtering, playing board and video games and medical diagnosis. Deep learning consists of multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network. This approach tries to model the way the human brain processes light and sound into vision and hearing. Some successful applications of deep learning are computer vision and speech recognition.[68] Decision trees Main article: Decision tree learning Decision tree learning uses a decision tree as a predictive model to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels. Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees. In decision analysis, a decision tree can be used to visually and explicitly represent decisions and decision making. In data mining, a decision tree describes data, but the resulting classification tree can be an input for decision making. Support vector machines Main article: Support vector machines Support vector machines (SVMs), also known as support vector networks, are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that predicts whether a new example falls into one category or the other.[69] An SVM training algorithm is a non-probabilistic, binary, linear classifier, although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting. In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. Illustration of linear regression on a data set. Regression analysis Main article: Regression analysis Regression analysis encompasses a large variety of statistical methods to estimate the relationship between input variables and their associated features. Its most common form is linear regression, where a single line is drawn to best fit the given data according to a mathematical criterion such as ordinary least squares. The latter is often extended by regularization (mathematics) methods to mitigate overfitting and bias, as in ridge regression. When dealing with non-linear problems, go-to models include polynomial regression (for example, used for trendline fitting in Microsoft Excel[70]), logistic regression (often used in statistical classification) or even kernel regression, which introduces non-linearity by taking advantage of the kernel trick to implicitly map input variables to higher-dimensional space. Bayesian networks Main article: Bayesian network A simple Bayesian network. Rain influences whether the sprinkler is activated, and both rain and the sprinkler influence whether the grass is wet. A Bayesian network, belief network, or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independence with a directed acyclic graph (DAG). For example, a Bayesian network could represent the probabilistic relationships between diseases and symptoms. Given symptoms, the network can be used to compute the probabilities of the presence of various diseases. Efficient algorithms exist that perform inference and learning. Bayesian networks that model sequences of variables, like speech signals or protein sequences, are called dynamic Bayesian networks. Generalizations of Bayesian networks that can represent and solve decision problems under uncertainty are called influence diagrams. Genetic algorithms Main article: Genetic algorithm A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm and heuristic technique that mimics the process of natural selection, using methods such as mutation and crossover to generate new genotypes in the hope of finding good solutions to a given problem. In machine learning, genetic algorithms were used in the 1980s and 1990s.[71][72] Conversely, machine learning techniques have been used to improve the performance of genetic and evolutionary algorithms.[73] Training models Usually, machine learning models require a lot of data in order for them to perform well. Usually, when training a machine learning model, one needs to collect a large, representative sample of data from a training set. Data from the training set can be as varied as a corpus of text, a collection of images, and data collected from individual users of a service. Overfitting is something to watch out for when training a machine learning model. Federated learning Main article: Federated learning Federated learning is an adapted form of distributed artificial intelligence to training machine learning models that decentralizes the training process, allowing for users' privacy to be maintained by not needing to send their data to a centralized server. This also increases efficiency by decentralizing the training process to many devices. For example, Gboard uses federated machine learning to train search query prediction models on users' mobile phones without having to send individual searches back to Google.[74] Applications There are many applications for machine learning, including: Agriculture Anatomy Adaptive websites Affective computing Banking Bioinformatics Brain–machine interfaces Cheminformatics Citizen science Computer networks Computer vision Credit-card fraud detection Data quality DNA sequence classification Economics Financial market analysis[75] General game playing Handwriting recognition Information retrieval Insurance Internet fraud detection Linguistics Machine learning control Machine perception Machine translation Marketing Medical diagnosis Natural language processing Natural language understanding Online advertising Optimization Recommender systems Robot locomotion Search engines Sentiment analysis Sequence mining Software engineering Speech recognition Structural health monitoring Syntactic pattern recognition Telecommunication Theorem proving Time series forecasting User behavior analytics In 2006, the media-services provider Netflix held the first "Netflix Prize" competition to find a program to better predict user preferences and improve the accuracy of its existing Cinematch movie recommendation algorithm by at least 10%. A joint team made up of researchers from AT&T Labs-Research in collaboration with the teams Big Chaos and Pragmatic Theory built an ensemble model to win the Grand Prize in 2009 for $1 million.[76] Shortly after the prize was awarded, Netflix realized that viewers' ratings were not the best indicators of their viewing patterns ("everything is a recommendation") and they changed their recommendation engine accordingly.[77] In 2010 The Wall Street Journal wrote about the firm Rebellion Research and their use of machine learning to predict the financial crisis.[78] In 2012, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Vinod Khosla, predicted that 80% of medical doctors' jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software.[79] In 2014, it was reported that a machine learning algorithm had been applied in the field of art history to study fine art paintings and that it may have revealed previously unrecognized influences among artists.[80] In 2019 Springer Nature published the first research book created using machine learning.[81] Limitations Although machine learning has been transformative in some fields, machine-learning programs often fail to deliver expected results.[82][83][84] Reasons for this are numerous: lack of (suitable) data, lack of access to the data, data bias, privacy problems, badly chosen tasks and algorithms, wrong tools and people, lack of resources, and evaluation problems.[85] In 2018, a self-driving car from Uber failed to detect a pedestrian, who was killed after a collision.[86] Attempts to use machine learning in healthcare with the IBM Watson system failed to deliver even after years of time and billions of dollars invested.[87][88] Bias Main article: Algorithmic bias Machine learning approaches in particular can suffer from different data biases. A machine learning system trained on current customers only may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data. When trained on man-made data, machine learning is likely to pick up the same constitutional and unconscious biases already present in society.[89] Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases.[90][91] Machine learning systems used for criminal risk assessment have been found to be biased against black people.[92][93] In 2015, Google photos would often tag black people as gorillas,[94] and in 2018 this still was not well resolved, but Google reportedly was still using the workaround to remove all gorillas from the training data, and thus was not able to recognize real gorillas at all.[95] Similar issues with recognizing non-white people have been found in many other systems.[96] In 2016, Microsoft tested a chatbot that learned from Twitter, and it quickly picked up racist and sexist language.[97] Because of such challenges, the effective use of machine learning may take longer to be adopted in other domains.[98] Concern for fairness in machine learning, that is, reducing bias in machine learning and propelling its use for human good is increasingly expressed by artificial intelligence scientists, including Fei-Fei Li, who reminds engineers that "There’s nothing artificial about AI...It’s inspired by people, it’s created by people, and—most importantly—it impacts people. It is a powerful tool we are only just beginning to understand, and that is a profound responsibility.”[99] Model assessments Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evaluates the performance of the training model on the test set. In comparison, the K-fold-cross-validation method randomly partitions the data into K subsets and then K experiments are performed each respectively considering 1 subset for evaluation and the remaining K-1 subsets for training the model. In addition to the holdout and cross-validation methods, bootstrap, which samples n instances with replacement from the dataset, can be used to assess model accuracy.[100] In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively. Similarly, investigators sometimes report the false positive rate (FPR) as well as the false negative rate (FNR). However, these rates are ratios that fail to reveal their numerators and denominators. The total operating characteristic (TOC) is an effective method to express a model's diagnostic ability. TOC shows the numerators and denominators of the previously mentioned rates, thus TOC provides more information than the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ROC's associated area under the curve (AUC).[101] Ethics Machine learning poses a host of ethical questions. Systems which are trained on datasets collected with biases may exhibit these biases upon use (algorithmic bias), thus digitizing cultural prejudices.[102] For example, using job hiring data from a firm with racist hiring policies may lead to a machine learning system duplicating the bias by scoring job applicants against similarity to previous successful applicants.[103][104] Responsible collection of data and documentation of algorithmic rules used by a system thus is a critical part of machine learning. Because human languages contain biases, machines trained on language corpora will necessarily also learn these biases.[105][106] Other forms of ethical challenges, not related to personal biases, are more seen in health care. There are concerns among health care professionals that these systems might not be designed in the public's interest but as income-generating machines. This is especially true in the United States where there is a long-standing ethical dilemma of improving health care, but also increasing profits. For example, the algorithms could be designed to provide patients with unnecessary tests or medication in which the algorithm's proprietary owners hold stakes. There is huge potential for machine learning in health care to provide professionals a great tool to diagnose, medicate, and even plan recovery paths for patients, but this will not happen until the personal biases mentioned previously, and these "greed" biases are addressed.[107] Hardware Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks (a particular narrow subdomain of machine learning) that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units.[108] By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI.[109] OpenAI estimated the hardware compute used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.[110][111] Software Software suites containing a variety of machine learning algorithms include the following: Free and open-source so

A simple example application that will connect to the Twitter API, run a search, gather tweets, and then calculate the sentiment of each Tweet using AlchemyAPI's text analysis functions for sentiment analysis.

Video tutorial and accompanying output for conducting text sentiment analysis in Twitter

Provide a comprehensive list of tokenizers, features, and general NLP things used for text analysis with examples. The initial focus is on features used for twitter data and sentiment analysis.

This project addresses the problem of sentiment analysis on Twitter. The goal of this project was to predict sentiment for the given Twitter post using Python. Sentiment analysis can predict many different emotions attached to the text, but in this report, only 3 major were considered: positive, negative and neutral. The training dataset was small (just over 5900 examples) and the data within it was highly skewed, which greatly impacted on the difficulty of building a good classifier. After creating a lot of custom features, utilizing bag-of-words representations and applying the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, the classification accuracy at the level of 58% was achieved. Analysing the public sentiment as firms trying to find out the response of their products in the market, predicting political elections and predicting socioeconomic phenomena like the stock exchange.

Archimedes 1 is a bot based sentient based trader, heavily influenced on forked existing bots, with a few enhancements here or there, this was completed to understand how the bots worked to roll the forward in our own manner to our own complete ai based trading system (Archimedes 2:0) This bot watches [followed accounts] tweets and waits for them to mention any publicly traded companies. When they do, sentiment analysis is used determine whether the opinions are positive or negative toward those companies. The bot then automatically executes trades on the relevant stocks according to the expected market reaction. The code is written in Python and is meant to run on a Google Compute Engine instance. It uses the Twitter Streaming APIs (however new version) to get notified whenever tweets within remit are of interest. The entity detection and sentiment analysis is done using Google's Cloud Natural Language API and the Wikidata Query Service provides the company data. The TradeKing (ALLY) API does the stock trading (changed to ALLY). The main module defines a callback where incoming tweets are handled and starts streaming user's feed: def twitter_callback(tweet): companies = analysis.find_companies(tweet) if companies: trading.make_trades(companies) twitter.tweet(companies, tweet) if __name__ == "__main__": twitter.start_streaming(twitter_callback) The core algorithms are implemented in the analysis and trading modules. The former finds mentions of companies in the text of the tweet, figures out what their ticker symbol is, and assigns a sentiment score to them. The latter chooses a trading strategy, which is either buy now and sell at close or sell short now and buy to cover at close. The twitter module deals with streaming and tweeting out the summary. Follow these steps to run the code yourself: 1. Create VM instance Check out the quickstart to create a Cloud Platform project and a Linux VM instance with Compute Engine, then SSH into it for the steps below. The predefined machine type g1-small (1 vCPU, 1.7 GB memory) seems to work well. 2. Set up auth The authentication keys for the different APIs are read from shell environment variables. Each service has different steps to obtain them. Twitter Log in to your Twitter account and create a new application. Under the Keys and Access Tokens tab for your app you'll find the Consumer Key and Consumer Secret. Export both to environment variables: export TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY="<YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY>" export TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET="<YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET>" If you want the tweets to come from the same account that owns the application, simply use the Access Token and Access Token Secret on the same page. If you want to tweet from a different account, follow the steps to obtain an access token. Then export both to environment variables: export TWITTER_ACCESS_TOKEN="<YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN>" export TWITTER_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET="<YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET>" Google Follow the Google Application Default Credentials instructions to create, download, and export a service account key. export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/path/to/credentials-file.json" You also need to enable the Cloud Natural Language API for your Google Cloud Platform project. TradeKing (ALLY) Log in to your TradeKing (ALLY account and create a new application. Behind the Details button for your application you'll find the Consumer Key, Consumer Secret, OAuth (Access) Token, and Oauth (Access) Token Secret. Export them all to environment variables: export TRADEKING_CONSUMER_KEY="<YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY>" export TRADEKING_CONSUMER_SECRET="<YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET>" export TRADEKING_ACCESS_TOKEN="<YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN>" export TRADEKING_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET="<YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET>" Also export your TradeKing (ALLY) account number, which you'll find under My Accounts: export TRADEKING_ACCOUNT_NUMBER="<YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER>" 3. Install dependencies There are a few library dependencies, which you can install using pip: $ pip install -r requirements.txt 4. Run the tests Verify that everything is working as intended by running the tests with pytest using this command: $ export USE_REAL_MONEY=NO && pytest *.py --verbose 5. Run the benchmark The benchmark report shows how the current implementation of the analysis and trading algorithms would have performed against historical data. You can run it again to benchmark any changes you may have made: $ ./benchmark.py > benchmark.md 6. Start the bot Enable real orders that use your money: $ export USE_REAL_MONEY=YES Have the code start running in the background with this command: $ nohup ./main.py & License Archimedes (edits under Invacio) Max Braun Frame under Max Braun, licence under Apache V2 License. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

Complete Guide to text processing and sentiment analysis on Twitter data.

The application is a cloud service that provides the functionality of performing sentiment analysis on stock market and financial data. The application can be hosted on Google App Engine and makes use of many of the GAE services like Search Service, MemCache, DataStore etc. Given the name of a company, data from various sources like Twitter, Facebook Graph, Google News, Google Finance etc is aggregated. For each source, different models have been pretrained using some prior data. Using different models provided us with a chance to utilize different Machine Learning methodologies based on the type of data from each source. The various techniques that we have built and tested on are :Naive Bayes, Multinomial and Bernoulli text representations, KNN.

TweetBERT: A Pretrained Language Representation Model for Twitter Text Analysis

Sentiment analysis, or opinion mining, extracts emotions and attitudes from text. This project focuses on Twitter, Amazon, and YouTube, using advanced machine learning and natural language processing. It aims to unveil collective sentiments and evolving trends in user-generated content across these platforms.

This repository helps Data Analytics/Science Enthusiasts to carry out Sentiment Analysis on text derived from Twitter, Facebook and other data sources.

Problem Statement The objective of this task is to detect hate speech in tweets. For the sake of simplicity, we say a tweet contains hate speech if it has a racist or sexist sentiment associated with it. So, the task is to classify racist or sexist tweets from other tweets. Formally, given a training sample of tweets and labels, where label '1' denotes the tweet is racist/sexist and label '0' denotes the tweet is not racist/sexist, your objective is to predict the labels on the test dataset. Motivation Hate speech is an unfortunately common occurrence on the Internet. Often social media sites like Facebook and Twitter face the problem of identifying and censoring problematic posts while weighing the right to freedom of speech. The importance of detecting and moderating hate speech is evident from the strong connection between hate speech and actual hate crimes. Early identification of users promoting hate speech could enable outreach programs that attempt to prevent an escalation from speech to action. Sites such as Twitter and Facebook have been seeking to actively combat hate speech. In spite of these reasons, NLP research on hate speech has been very limited, primarily due to the lack of a general definition of hate speech, an analysis of its demographic influences, and an investigation of the most effective features. Data Our overall collection of tweets was split in the ratio of 65:35 into training and testing data. Out of the testing data, 30% is public and the rest is private. Data Files train.csv - For training the models, we provide a labelled dataset of 31,962 tweets. The dataset is provided in the form of a csv file with each line storing a tweet id, its label and the tweet. There is 1 test file (public) test_tweets.csv - The test data file contains only tweet ids and the tweet text with each tweet in a new line.

Tools for scraping of twitter data, conversion, text analysis and graph construction

Very simple, text based sentiment analysis using Mongodb and Twitter

In this mini-project i have chosen to do sentiment analysis of social media websites such as twitter and reddit to gain insights into the people’s opinion towards prime ministerial candidates for the Lok Sabha election 2019. Social media provides a platform for people’s opinion of a person or event or topic to be heard from anywhere at any time and is the easiest and fastest way for them to do it. So, analysing these sentiments will be of immense use in knowing the trending topics and the mood of the people towards those topics among other things. The mini-project also aims at implementing and comparing contemporary machine learning text classification algorithms to predict the sentiment of a piece of text.

Text Analysis: Implementation of ULMFiT by Howard & Ruder on Twitter dataset

Correspondence Analysis of Twitter Text for German MPs

Twitter Text Sentiment Analysis (Preprocessing using Spacy)

Taking a look at data of 1.6 million twitter users and drawing useful insights while exploring interesting patterns visualized with concise plots. The techniques used include text mining, sentimental analysis, probability, time series analysis and Hierarchical clustering on text/words using R.

This project demonstrates web scraping of Twitter using Python and Selenium. The code logs in to Twitter, searches for tweets with a specific keyword, and extracts user data and tweet text. The scraped data is saved to a CSV file which then can be used for further analysis.

Sentiment Analysis is the automated process of analyzing text data and sorting it into sentiments positive, negative or neutral. With more than 321 million active users, sending a daily average of 500 million Tweets, Twitter allows businesses to reach a broad audience and connect with customers without intermediaries.

In this project we did sentimental analysis on data collected from the social media, Twitter and predicted the current trend. The data can be tweets, quoted tweets and the favorites for a tweet (the number of times a tweet has been liked). Data was collected for a pair of keywords using the Twitter Search API. The collected tweets are then classified as positive, negative, neutral or junk based on the sentimental analysis of the text in the tweet/quoted tweet (favorites are considered as positive). Based on this classification it is possible to predict which among the pair of keywords is more popular. The prediction is under the assumption that more positive and neutral responses are there for a keyword, more trending it is with the public. An Android app was created to display data analysis results for a pair of keywords The accuracy of prediction was examined by predicting the outcome of November 5th Governor Elections in New Jersey using keywords Barbara Buono and Chris Christie.

Natural language processing (NLP) is an exciting branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows machines to break down and understand human language. I plan to walk through text pre-processing techniques, machine learning techniques and Python libraries for NLP. Text pre-processing techniques include tokenization, text normalization and data cleaning. Once in a standard format, various machine learning techniques can be applied to better understand the data. This includes using popular modeling techniques to classify emails as spam or not, or to score the sentiment of a tweet on Twitter. Newer, more complex techniques can also be used such as topic modeling, word embeddings or text generation with deep learning. We will walk through an example in Jupyter Notebook that goes through all of the steps of a text analysis project, using several NLP libraries in Python including NLTK, TextBlob, spaCy and gensim along with the standard machine learning libraries including pandas and scikit-learn.

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis using Text and Image Data on twitter dataset

Understanding Visual Memes: an Empirical Analysis of Text Superimposed on Memes Shared on Twitter

Using NLP and ML, make a model to identify hate speech (racist or sexist tweets) in Twitter. Problem Statement: Twitter is the biggest platform where anybody and everybody can have their views heard. Some of these voices spread hate and negativity. Twitter is wary of its platform being used as a medium to spread hate. You are a data scientist at Twitter, and you will help Twitter in identifying the tweets with hate speech and removing them from the platform. You will use NLP techniques, perform specific cleanup for tweets data, and make a robust model. Domain: Social Media Analysis to be done: Clean up tweets and build a classification model by using NLP techniques, cleanup specific for tweets data, regularization and hyperparameter tuning using stratified k-fold and cross validation to get the best model. Content: id: identifier number of the tweet Label: 0 (non-hate) /1 (hate) Tweet: the text in the tweet Tasks: Load the tweets file using read_csv function from Pandas package. Get the tweets into a list for easy text cleanup and manipulation. To cleanup: Normalize the casing. Using regular expressions, remove user handles. These begin with '@’. Using regular expressions, remove URLs. Using TweetTokenizer from NLTK, tokenize the tweets into individual terms. Remove stop words. Remove redundant terms like ‘amp’, ‘rt’, etc. Remove ‘#’ symbols from the tweet while retaining the term. Extra cleanup by removing terms with a length of 1. Check out the top terms in the tweets: First, get all the tokenized terms into one large list. Use the counter and find the 10 most common terms. Data formatting for predictive modeling: Join the tokens back to form strings. This will be required for the vectorizers. Assign x and y. Perform train_test_split using sklearn. We’ll use TF-IDF values for the terms as a feature to get into a vector space model. Import TF-IDF vectorizer from sklearn. Instantiate with a maximum of 5000 terms in your vocabulary. Fit and apply on the train set. Apply on the test set. Model building: Ordinary Logistic Regression Instantiate Logistic Regression from sklearn with default parameters. Fit into the train data. Make predictions for the train and the test set. Model evaluation: Accuracy, recall, and f_1 score. Report the accuracy on the train set. Report the recall on the train set: decent, high, or low. Get the f1 score on the train set. Looks like you need to adjust the class imbalance, as the model seems to focus on the 0s. Adjust the appropriate class in the LogisticRegression model. Train again with the adjustment and evaluate. Train the model on the train set. Evaluate the predictions on the train set: accuracy, recall, and f_1 score. Regularization and Hyperparameter tuning: Import GridSearch and StratifiedKFold because of class imbalance. Provide the parameter grid to choose for ‘C’ and ‘penalty’ parameters. Use a balanced class weight while instantiating the logistic regression. Find the parameters with the best recall in cross validation. Choose ‘recall’ as the metric for scoring. Choose stratified 4 fold cross validation scheme. Fit into the train set. What are the best parameters? Predict and evaluate using the best estimator. Use the best estimator from the grid search to make predictions on the test set. What is the recall on the test set for the toxic comments? What is the f_1 score?

Bangladesh is a country of youth generation. In our way of life we confront a part of issues. Illness is one of most common issues for a person’s life. On the off chance that anyone is sick and needs to visit a specialist for checkup, he or she ought to visit the clinic and holds up until the specialist is accessible. The quiet moreover holds up in a line whereas getting appointment. If the specialist cancels the arrangement for a few crisis reasons at that point the patient isn't able to know almost the cancelation of the arrangement unless or until he or she visits the clinic. So, it's essential to urge a interview with Specialists at whatever point we got affected with different maladies. As the web is presently accessible for everybody hence anybody can utilize the online arrangement framework to overcome such issues and burden for the patients. Vision of this venture is to make specialist quiet dealing with administration framework that will offer assistance patients to book specialist arrangement and satisfy their prospects. In this framework specialists are allowed to oversee their booking openings in online, patients can make their arrangement to book empty openings as well. This is often the framework of reservation for guiding by patients title. This framework manages distinctive sorts of specialists at a time and patients can select their anticipated one for booking. The framework moreover remains of the blood giver module which is permitted for blood donation enrollment as well as finding blood gather for future utilize. 1.2 Motivation Emotions are the best way to express what a person is feeling at that particular time. Now a day’s people share their views, emotions on social networking sites such as, Facebook, twitter, instagrametc. Recently most of the people post status in Social media. Most of the time it becomes tough to understand the rumor reading those sentences. That’s why we have decided to detect rumor from text. We started to Page 2 read research papers and found out that lots of work has been done with detecting rumor in English. Then we start searching papers related to detecting rumor. Very few works has been done. So, we thought that we will work rumor detection from 1.3 Objectives Helping people to search for doctors and get appointment is our main objectives. User can search doctors which can make sure to find specific doctor an easy task. A platform where doctors can check patient previous medical history for better checkup. To build a system with perfection, requirement collection is a must. The study will gives a clearer idea of people’s need and the system that we are planning to build as well as how much we are going to cover. The document will also describe all the interactions between patients, doctors and admin. By above document anyone will be able to understand the project at a glance. In this project. A doctor can ❏ Get appointment request ❏ Access to this request ❏ Check previous medical history ❏ Able to get patient profile ❏ Give appointment And Patient can ❏ View doctors list ❏ Easily take doctor appointment ❏ See when his/her expected doctor available ❏ Able to see categorized doctors department ❏ Purchase medicine ❏ Hire ambulances ❏ Get blood from donors 1.4 Expected Outcome There is an online scheduling system is commonly referred a Web-based pattern that allows individuals to conveniently and securely book people appointments and Page 3 reservations online through any web connected devices such as computer, laptop, smart phone, tablets etc. Once a date and time are selected the system will give booking confirmation and recorded documents for next requirement. The flexibility of our system enables it to be utilized for a variety of different services and activities for a patient and doctor, such as, Time saving Staff spends much time on the phone booking and can’t maintain appointment properly so booking through online by individuals save time as they no longer have to commit a part of their busy schedule to calling their medical, healthcare or wellness provider. As an example, typically phone booking system spends an average of four minute for booking hundred patients. Where our system is will take less time. Monetary saving In Doctor’s chambers the staffs are always ready to take money for giving appointment to patients. It is an unethical way to get the faster appointment. In our system people will able to see the whole slots of any doctor so he/she can make an easy appointment for them whenever they need without paying extra money to the staffs. Sustain tranquility If people gets ill and wants to visit a doctor for checkup, he or she needs to visit the chambers and waits until the doctor is available. The patient also waits in a queue while getting appointment. So there is a mess environment is possible. If the doctor cancels the appointment for some emergency reasons then the patients are try to make uproar in that places. In this system, no need to wait for a while in queue and as patient will be able to see when doctors are available so that people will easily avoid the massing situation. 1.5 Report Layout We developed the Web-based system which name is “Medicate”. We tried to make sure the project have completed in time. We have designed our workflow follows by above: In chapter 2, brief discussion on related works that are already implemented. And Page 4 we made comparison with other. We have figured out the problem of current system and tried to solve. What kind of Challenges we have faced for completing this project also discussed on this chapter. In chapter 3 named Requirement Specification where we focused about business process modeling, requirement collection and analysis, use case modeling and descriptions, logical data model, design requirements. On chapter 4 named Design Specification we have tried to show the front-end design, back-end design and Interaction design and UX. As well as we listed the component that we used to build the system. In chapter 5 named Implementation and testing where we discuss about the Implementation of Database, Implementation of Front-end Design, Testing Implementation, Test Result and Reports. On chapter 6 we have discussed about the present condition and future scope of our project. Also we have tried to cover the whole things what we have done in our project is referred as conclusio

Assignment-11-Text-Mining-01-Elon-Musk, Perform sentimental analysis on the Elon-musk tweets (Exlon-musk.csv), Text Preprocessing: remove both the leading and the trailing characters, removes empty strings, because they are considered in Python as False, Joining the list into one string/text, Remove Twitter username handles from a given twitter text. (Removes @usernames), Again Joining the list into one string/text, Remove Punctuation, Remove https or url within text, Converting into Text Tokens, Tokenization, Remove Stopwords, Normalize the data, Stemming (Optional), Lemmatization, Feature Extraction, Using BoW CountVectorizer, CountVectorizer with N-grams (Bigrams & Trigrams), TF-IDF Vectorizer, Generate Word Cloud, Named Entity Recognition (NER), Emotion Mining - Sentiment Analysis.

Kaggle Twitter US Airline Sentiment, Implementation of a Tweet Text Sentiment Analysis Model, using custom trained Word Embeddings and LSTM-Deep learning [TUM-Data Analysis&ML summer 2021] @adrianbruenger @stefanrmmr