What is Python? Executive Summary Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed. Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level debugger allows inspection of local and global variables, evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping through the code a line at a time, and so on. The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's introspective power. On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-debug cycle makes this simple approach very effective. What is Python? Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991. It is used for: web development (server-side), software development, mathematics, system scripting. What can Python do? Python can be used on a server to create web applications. Python can be used alongside software to create workflows. Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files. Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics. Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development. Why Python? Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc). Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language. Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some other programming languages. Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it is written. This means that prototyping can be very quick. Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-oriented way or a functional way. Good to know The most recent major version of Python is Python 3, which we shall be using in this tutorial. However, Python 2, although not being updated with anything other than security updates, is still quite popular. In this tutorial Python will be written in a text editor. It is possible to write Python in an Integrated Development Environment, such as Thonny, Pycharm, Netbeans or Eclipse which are particularly useful when managing larger collections of Python files. Python Syntax compared to other programming languages Python was designed for readability, and has some similarities to the English language with influence from mathematics. Python uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed to other programming languages which often use semicolons or parentheses. Python relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define scope; such as the scope of loops, functions and classes. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for this purpose. Applications for Python Python is used in many application domains. Here's a sampling. The Python Package Index lists thousands of third party modules for Python. Web and Internet Development Python offers many choices for web development: Frameworks such as Django and Pyramid. Micro-frameworks such as Flask and Bottle. Advanced content management systems such as Plone and django CMS. Python's standard library supports many Internet protocols: HTML and XML JSON E-mail processing. Support for FTP, IMAP, and other Internet protocols. Easy-to-use socket interface. And the Package Index has yet more libraries: Requests, a powerful HTTP client library. Beautiful Soup, an HTML parser that can handle all sorts of oddball HTML. Feedparser for parsing RSS/Atom feeds. Paramiko, implementing the SSH2 protocol. Twisted Python, a framework for asynchronous network programming. Scientific and Numeric Python is widely used in scientific and numeric computing: SciPy is a collection of packages for mathematics, science, and engineering. Pandas is a data analysis and modeling library. IPython is a powerful interactive shell that features easy editing and recording of a work session, and supports visualizations and parallel computing. The Software Carpentry Course teaches basic skills for scientific computing, running bootcamps and providing open-access teaching materials. Education Python is a superb language for teaching programming, both at the introductory level and in more advanced courses. Books such as How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science, and Practical Programming. The Education Special Interest Group is a good place to discuss teaching issues. Desktop GUIs The Tk GUI library is included with most binary distributions of Python. Some toolkits that are usable on several platforms are available separately: wxWidgets Kivy, for writing multitouch applications. Qt via pyqt or pyside Platform-specific toolkits are also available: GTK+ Microsoft Foundation Classes through the win32 extensions Software Development Python is often used as a support language for software developers, for build control and management, testing, and in many other ways. SCons for build control. Buildbot and Apache Gump for automated continuous compilation and testing. Roundup or Trac for bug tracking and project management. Business Applications Python is also used to build ERP and e-commerce systems: Odoo is an all-in-one management software that offers a range of business applications that form a complete suite of enterprise management applications. Try ton is a three-tier high-level general purpose application platform.

What is JavaScript and what does it do? Before you start learning something new, it’s important to understand exactly what it is and what it does. This is especially useful when it comes to mastering a new programming language. In simple terms, JavaScript is a programming language used to make websites interactive. If you think about the basic makeup of a website, you have HTML, which describes and defines the basic content and structure of the website, then you have CSS, which tells the browser how this HTML content should be displayed—determining things like color and font. With just HTML and CSS, you have a website that looks good but doesn’t actually do much. JavaScript brings the website to life by adding functionality. JavaScript is responsible for elements that the user can interact with, such as drop-down menus, modal windows, and contact forms. It is also used to create things like animations, video players, and interactive maps. Nowadays, JavaScript is an all-purpose programming language—meaning it runs across the entire software stack. The most popular application of JavaScript is on the client side (aka frontend), but since Node.js came on the scene, many people run JavaScript on the server side (aka backend) as well. When used on the client side, JavaScript code is read, interpreted, and executed in the user’s web browser. When used on the server side, it is run on a remote computer. You can learn more about the difference between frontend and backend programming here. JavaScript isn’t only used to create websites. It can also be used to build browser-based games and, with the help of certain frameworks, mobile apps for different operating systems. The creation of new libraries and frameworks is also making it possible to build backend programs with JavaScript, such as web apps and server apps. Is it still worth learning JavaScript in 2021? The world of web development is constantly moving. With so many new tools popping up all the time, it can be extremely difficult to know where you should focus your efforts. As an aspiring developer, you’ll want to make sure that what you’re learning is still relevant in today’s industry. If you’re having doubts about JavaScript, it’s important to know that, since its creation in 1995, JavaScript is pretty much everywhere on the web—and that’s not likely to change any time soon. According to the 2020 StackOverflow developer survey, JavaScript is the most commonly used programming language for the eighth year in a row. It is currently used by 94.5% of all websites and, despite originally being designed as a client-side language, JavaScript has now made its way to the server-side of websites (thanks to Node.js), mobile devices (thanks to React Native and Ionic) and desktop (courtesy of Electron). As long as people are interacting with the web, you can assume that JavaScript is highly relevant—there’s no doubt that this is a language worth knowing! With that in mind, let’s look at some of the key benefits of becoming a JavaScript expert. Why learn JavaScript? The most obvious reason for learning JavaScript is if you have hopes of becoming a web developer. Even if you haven’t got your heart set on a tech career, being proficient in JavaScript will enable you to build websites from scratch—a pretty useful skill to have in today’s job market! If you do want to become a web developer, here are some of the main reasons why you should learn JavaScript: JavaScript experts are versatile JavaScript is an extremely versatile language. Once you’ve mastered it, the possibilities are endless: you can code on the client-side (frontend) using Angular and on the server-side (backend) using Node.js. You can also develop web, mobile, and desktop apps using React, React Native, and Electron, and you can even get involved in machine learning. If you want to become a frontend developer, JavaScript is a prerequisite. However, that’s not the only career path open to you as a JavaScript expert. Mastering this key programming language could see you go on to work in full-stack development, games development, information security software engineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence—to name just a few! Ultimately, if you want any kind of development or engineering career, proficiency in JavaScript is a must. JavaScript experts are in-demand (and well-paid) JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world, so it’s no wonder that JavaScript is one of the most sought-after skills in the web development industry today. According to the Devskiller IT Skills and Hiring Report 2020, 72% of companies are looking to hire JavaScript experts. Enter the search term “JavaScript” on job site Indeed and you’ll find over 40,000 jobs requiring this skill (in the US). Run the same search on LinkedIn and the results are in excess of 125,000. At the same time, the global demand for JavaScript seems to outweigh the expertise available on the market. According to this 2018 HackerRank report, 48% of employers worldwide need developers with JavaScript skills, while only 42% of student developers claim to be proficient in JavaScript. And, in their most recent report for 2020, HackerRank once again reports that JavaScript is the most popular language that hiring mangers look for in a web developer candidate. Not only are JavaScript experts in demand—they are also well-paid. In the United States, JavaScript developers earn an average yearly salary of $111,953 per year. We’ve covered this topic in more detail in our JavaScript salary guide, but as you can see, learning JavaScript can really boost your earning potential as a developer. JavaScript is beginner-friendly Compared to many other programming languages, JavaScript offers one of the more beginner-friendly entry points into the world of coding. The great thing about JavaScript is that it comes installed on every modern web browser—there’s no need to set up any kind of development environment, which means you can start coding with JavaScript right away! Another advantage of learning JavaScript as your first programming language is that you get instant feedback; with a minimal amount of JavaScript code, you’ll immediately see visible results. There’s also a huge JavaScript community on sites like Stack Overflow, so you’ll find plenty of support as you learn. Not only is JavaScript beginner-friendly; it will also set you up with some extremely valuable transferable skills. JavaScript supports object-oriented, functional, and imperative styles of programming—skills which can be transferred to any new language you might learn later on, such as Python, Java, or C++. JavaScript provides a crucial introduction to key principles and practices that you’ll take with you throughout your career as a developer. Should you learn plain JavaScript first or can you skip to frameworks and libraries? When deciding whether or not to learn JavaScript, what you’re really asking is whether or not you should learn “vanilla” JavaScript. Vanilla JavaScript just means plain JavaScript without any libraries or frameworks. Let’s explore what this means in more detail now. What is meant by vanilla JavaScript, libraries, and frameworks? If you research the term “vanilla JavaScript”, you might run into some confusion; however, all you need to know is that vanilla JavaScript is used to refer to native, standards-based, non-extended JavaScript. There is no difference between vanilla JavaScript and JavaScript—it’s just there to emphasize the usage of plain JavaScript without the use of libraries and frameworks. So what are libraries and frameworks? JavaScript libraries and frameworks both contain sets of prewritten, ready-to-use JavaScript code—but they’re not the same thing. You can think of a framework as your blueprint for building a website: it gives you a structure to work from, and contains ready-made components and tools that help you to build certain elements much quicker than if you were to code them from scratch. Some popular JavaScript frameworks include Angular, React, Vue, and Node.js. Frameworks also contain libraries. Libraries are smaller than frameworks, and tend to be used for more specific cases. A JavaScript library contains sets of JavaScript code which can be called upon to implement certain functions and features. Let’s imagine you want to code a particular element into your website. You could write, say, ten lines of JavaScript from scratch—or you could take the condensed, ready-made version from your chosen JavaScript library. Some examples of JavaScript libraries include jQuery, Lodash, and Underscore. The easiest way to understand how frameworks and libraries work together is to imagine you are building a house. The framework provides the foundation and the structure, while the library enables you to add in ready-made components (like furniture) rather than building your own from scratch. You can learn more about the relationship between languages and libraries in this post explaining the main differences between JavaScript and jQuery. For now, let’s go back to our original question: How important is it to learn vanilla JavaScript? Should you learn vanilla JavaScript first? When it comes to learning JavaScript, it can be tempting to skip ahead to those time-saving frameworks and libraries we just talked about—and many developers do. However, there are many compelling arguments for learning plain JavaScript first. While JavaScript frameworks may help you get the job done quicker, there’s only so far you can go if you don’t understand the core concepts behind these frameworks. Frontend developer Abhishek Nagekar describes how not learning vanilla JavaScript came back to bite him when he started learning the JavaScript frameworks Node and Express: “As I went to write more and more code in Node and Express, I began to get stuck at even the tiniest problems. Suddenly, I was surrounded with words like callbacks, closures, event loop and prototype. It felt like I got a reintroduction to JavaScript, but this time, it was not a toddler playing in its cradle, it was something of a mysterious monster, challenging me on every other step for not having taken it seriously.” The above Tweet references a long-running joke within the developer community, and although it dates way back to 2015, it’s still highly relevant today. If you want to become a developer who can innovate, not just execute, you need to understand the underlying principles of the web—not just the shortcuts. This means learning vanilla JavaScript before you move on to frameworks. In fact, understanding plain JavaScript will help you later on when it comes to deciding whether to use a framework for a certain project, and if so, which framework to use. Why Study JavaScript? JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn: 1. HTML to define the content of web pages 2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages 3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages Learning Speed In this tutorial, the learning speed is your choice. Everything is up to you. If you are struggling, take a break, or re-read the material. Always make sure you understand all the "Try-it-Yourself" examples. The only way to become a clever programmer is to: Practice. Practice. Practice. Code. Code. Code ! Commonly Asked Questions How do I get JavaScript? Where can I download JavaScript? Is JavaScript Free? You don't have to get or download JavaScript. JavaScript is already running in your browser on your computer, on your tablet, and on your smart-phone. JavaScript is free to use for everyone.

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# Liberty House Club **A Parallel Binance Chain to Enable Smart Contracts** _NOTE: This document is under development. Please check regularly for updates!_ ## Table of Contents - [Motivation](#motivation) - [Design Principles](#design-principles) - [Consensus and Validator Quorum](#consensus-and-validator-quorum) * [Proof of Staked Authority](#proof-of-staked-authority) * [Validator Quorum](#validator-quorum) * [Security and Finality](#security-and-finality) * [Reward](#reward) - [Token Economy](#token-economy) * [Native Token](#native-token) * [Other Tokens](#other-tokens) - [Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication](#cross-chain-transfer-and-communication) * [Cross-Chain Transfer](#cross-chain-transfer) * [BC to BSC Architecture](#bc-to-bsc-architecture) * [BSC to BC Architecture](#bsc-to-bc-architecture) * [Timeout and Error Handling](#timeout-and-error-handling) * [Cross-Chain User Experience](#cross-chain-user-experience) * [Cross-Chain Contract Event](#cross-chain-contract-event) - [Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance) * [Staking on BC](#staking-on-bc) * [Rewarding](#rewarding) * [Slashing](#slashing) - [Relayers](#relayers) * [BSC Relayers](#bsc-relayers) * [Oracle Relayers](#oracle-relayers) - [Outlook](#outlook) # Motivation After its mainnet community [launch](https://www.binance.com/en/blog/327334696200323072/Binance-DEX-Launches-on-Binance-Chain-Invites-Further-Community-Development) in April 2019, [Binance Chain](https://www.binance.org) has exhibited its high speed and large throughput design. Binance Chain’s primary focus, its native [decentralized application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_application) (“dApp”) [Binance DEX](https://www.binance.org/trade), has demonstrated its low-latency matching with large capacity headroom by handling millions of trading volume in a short time. Flexibility and usability are often in an inverse relationship with performance. The concentration on providing a convenient digital asset issuing and trading venue also brings limitations. Binance Chain's most requested feature is the programmable extendibility, or simply the [Smart Contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract) and Virtual Machine functions. Digital asset issuers and owners struggle to add new decentralized features for their assets or introduce any sort of community governance and activities. Despite this high demand for adding the Smart Contract feature onto Binance Chain, it is a hard decision to make. The execution of a Smart Contract may slow down the exchange function and add non-deterministic factors to trading. If that compromise could be tolerated, it might be a straightforward idea to introduce a new Virtual Machine specification based on [Tendermint](https://tendermint.com/core/), based on the current underlying consensus protocol and major [RPC](https://docs.binance.org/api-reference/node-rpc.html) implementation of Binance Chain. But all these will increase the learning requirements for all existing dApp communities, and will not be very welcomed. We propose a parallel blockchain of the current Binance Chain to retain the high performance of the native DEX blockchain and to support a friendly Smart Contract function at the same time. # Design Principles After the creation of the parallel blockchain into the Binance Chain ecosystem, two blockchains will run side by side to provide different services. The new parallel chain will be called “**Binance Smart Chain**” (short as “**BSC**” for the below sections), while the existing mainnet remains named “**Binance Chain**” (short as “**BC**” for the below sections). Here are the design principles of **BSC**: 1. **Standalone Blockchain**: technically, BSC is a standalone blockchain, instead of a layer-2 solution. Most BSC fundamental technical and business functions should be self-contained so that it can run well even if the BC stopped for a short period. 2. **Ethereum Compatibility**: The first practical and widely-used Smart Contract platform is Ethereum. To take advantage of the relatively mature applications and community, BSC chooses to be compatible with the existing Ethereum mainnet. This means most of the **dApps**, ecosystem components, and toolings will work with BSC and require zero or minimum changes; BSC node will require similar (or a bit higher) hardware specification and skills to run and operate. The implementation should leave room for BSC to catch up with further Ethereum upgrades. 3. **Staking Involved Consensus and Governance**: Staking-based consensus is more environmentally friendly and leaves more flexible option to the community governance. Expectedly, this consensus should enable better network performance over [proof-of-work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work) blockchain system, i.e., faster blocking time and higher transaction capacity. 4. **Native Cross-Chain Communication**: both BC and BSC will be implemented with native support for cross-chain communication among the two blockchains. The communication protocol should be bi-directional, decentralized, and trustless. It will concentrate on moving digital assets between BC and BSC, i.e., [BEP2](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/blob/master/BEP2.md) tokens, and eventually, other BEP tokens introduced later. The protocol should care for the minimum of other items stored in the state of the blockchains, with only a few exceptions. # Consensus and Validator Quorum Based on the above design principles, the consensus protocol of BSC is to fulfill the following goals: 1. Blocking time should be shorter than Ethereum network, e.g. 5 seconds or even shorter. 2. It requires limited time to confirm the finality of transactions, e.g. around 1-min level or shorter. 3. There is no inflation of native token: BNB, the block reward is collected from transaction fees, and it will be paid in BNB. 4. It is compatible with Ethereum system as much as possible. 5. It allows modern [proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) blockchain network governance. ## Proof of Staked Authority Although Proof-of-Work (PoW) has been recognized as a practical mechanism to implement a decentralized network, it is not friendly to the environment and also requires a large size of participants to maintain the security. Ethereum and some other blockchain networks, such as [MATIC Bor](https://github.com/maticnetwork/bor), [TOMOChain](https://tomochain.com/), [GoChain](https://gochain.io/), [xDAI](https://xdai.io/), do use [Proof-of-Authority(PoA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_authority) or its variants in different scenarios, including both testnet and mainnet. PoA provides some defense to 51% attack, with improved efficiency and tolerance to certain levels of Byzantine players (malicious or hacked). It serves as an easy choice to pick as the fundamentals. Meanwhile, the PoA protocol is most criticized for being not as decentralized as PoW, as the validators, i.e. the nodes that take turns to produce blocks, have all the authorities and are prone to corruption and security attacks. Other blockchains, such as EOS and Lisk both, introduce different types of [Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)](https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/DPoS) to allow the token holders to vote and elect the validator set. It increases the decentralization and favors community governance. BSC here proposes to combine DPoS and PoA for consensus, so that: 1. Blocks are produced by a limited set of validators 2. Validators take turns to produce blocks in a PoA manner, similar to [Ethereum’s Clique](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225) consensus design 3. Validator set are elected in and out based on a staking based governance ## Validator Quorum In the genesis stage, a few trusted nodes will run as the initial Validator Set. After the blocking starts, anyone can compete to join as candidates to elect as a validator. The staking status decides the top 21 most staked nodes to be the next validator set, and such an election will repeat every 24 hours. **BNB** is the token used to stake for BSC. In order to remain as compatible as Ethereum and upgradeable to future consensus protocols to be developed, BSC chooses to rely on the **BC** for staking management (Please refer to the below “[Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance)” section). There is a **dedicated staking module for BSC on BC**. It will accept BSC staking from BNB holders and calculate the highest staked node set. Upon every UTC midnight, BC will issue a verifiable `ValidatorSetUpdate` cross-chain message to notify BSC to update its validator set. While producing further blocks, the existing BSC validators check whether there is a `ValidatorSetUpdate` message relayed onto BSC periodically. If there is, they will update the validator set after an **epoch period**, i.e. a predefined number of blocking time. For example, if BSC produces a block every 5 seconds, and the epoch period is 240 blocks, then the current validator set will check and update the validator set for the next epoch in 1200 seconds (20 minutes). ## Security and Finality Given there are more than ½\*N+1 validators are honest, PoA based networks usually work securely and properly. However, there are still cases where certain amount Byzantine validators may still manage to attack the network, e.g. through the “[Clone Attack](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10244.pdf)”. To secure as much as BC, BSC users are encouraged to wait until receiving blocks sealed by more than ⅔\*N+1 different validators. In that way, the BSC can be trusted at a similar security level to BC and can tolerate less than ⅓\*N Byzantine validators. With 21 validators, if the block time is 5 seconds, the ⅔\*N+1 different validator seals will need a time period of (⅔\*21+1)*5 = 75 seconds. Any critical applications for BSC may have to wait for ⅔\*N+1 to ensure a relatively secure finality. However, besides such arrangement, BSC does introduce **Slashing** logic to penalize Byzantine validators for **double signing** or **inavailability**, which will be covered in the “Staking and Governance” section later. This Slashing logic will expose the malicious validators in a very short time and make the “Clone Attack” very hard or extremely non-beneficial to execute. With this enhancement, ½\*N+1 or even fewer blocks are enough as confirmation for most transactions. ## Reward All the BSC validators in the current validator set will be rewarded with transaction **fees in BNB**. As BNB is not an inflationary token, there will be no mining rewards as what Bitcoin and Ethereum network generate, and the gas fee is the major reward for validators. As BNB is also utility tokens with other use cases, delegators and validators will still enjoy other benefits of holding BNB. The reward for validators is the fees collected from transactions in each block. Validators can decide how much to give back to the delegators who stake their BNB to them, in order to attract more staking. Every validator will take turns to produce the blocks in the same probability (if they stick to 100% liveness), thus, in the long run, all the stable validators may get a similar size of the reward. Meanwhile, the stakes on each validator may be different, so this brings a counter-intuitive situation that more users trust and delegate to one validator, they potentially get less reward. So rational delegators will tend to delegate to the one with fewer stakes as long as the validator is still trustful (insecure validator may bring slashable risk). In the end, the stakes on all the validators will have less variation. This will actually prevent the stake concentration and “winner wins forever” problem seen on some other networks. Some parts of the gas fee will also be rewarded to relayers for Cross-Chain communication. Please refer to the “[Relayers](#relayers)” section below. # Token Economy BC and BSC share the same token universe for BNB and BEP2 tokens. This defines: 1. The same token can circulate on both networks, and flow between them bi-directionally via a cross-chain communication mechanism. 2. The total circulation of the same token should be managed across the two networks, i.e. the total effective supply of a token should be the sum of the token’s total effective supply on both BSC and BC. 3. The tokens can be initially created on BSC in a similar format as ERC20 token standard, or on BC as a BEP2, then created on the other. There are native ways on both networks to link the two and secure the total supply of the token. ## Native Token BNB will run on BSC in the same way as ETH runs on Ethereum so that it remains as “native token” for both BSC and BC. This means, in addition to BNB is used to pay most of the fees on Binance Chain and Binance DEX, BNB will be also used to: 1. pay “fees“ to deploy smart contracts on BSC 2. stake on selected BSC validators, and get corresponding rewards 3. perform cross-chain operations, such as transfer token assets across BC and BSC ### Seed Fund Certain amounts of BNB will be burnt on BC and minted on BSC during its genesis stage. This amount is called “Seed Fund” to circulate on BSC after the first block, which will be dispatched to the initial BC-to-BSC Relayer(described in later sections) and initial validator set introduced at genesis. These BNBs are used to pay transaction fees in the early stage to transfer more BNB from BC onto BSC via the cross-chain mechanism. The BNB cross-chain transfer is discussed in a later section, but for BC to BSC transfer, it is generally to lock BNB on BC from the source address of the transfer to a system-controlled address and unlock the corresponding amount from special contract to the target address of the transfer on BSC, or reversely, when transferring from BSC to BC, it is to lock BNB from the source address on BSC into a special contract and release locked amount on BC from the system address to the target address. The logic is related to native code on BC and a series of smart contracts on BSC. ## Other Tokens BC supports BEP2 tokens and upcoming [BEP8 tokens](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/pull/69), which are native assets transferrable and tradable (if listed) via fast transactions and sub-second finality. Meanwhile, as BSC is Ethereum compatible, it is natural to support ERC20 tokens on BSC, which here is called “**BEP2E**” (with the real name to be introduced by the future BEPs,it potentially covers BEP8 as well). BEP2E may be “Enhanced” by adding a few more methods to expose more information, such as token denomination, decimal precision definition and the owner address who can decide the Token Binding across the chains. BSC and BC work together to ensure that one token can circulate in both formats with confirmed total supply and be used in different use cases. ### Token Binding BEP2 tokens will be extended to host a new attribute to associate the token with a BSC BEP2E token contract, called “**Binder**”, and this process of association is called “**Token Binding**”. Token Binding can happen at any time after BEP2 and BEP2E are ready. The token owners of either BEP2 or BEP2E don’t need to bother about the Binding, until before they really want to use the tokens on different scenarios. Issuers can either create BEP2 first or BEP2E first, and they can be bound at a later time. Of course, it is encouraged for all the issuers of BEP2 and BEP2E to set the Binding up early after the issuance. A typical procedure to bind the BEP2 and BEP2E will be like the below: 1. Ensure both the BEP2 token and the BEP2E token both exist on each blockchain, with the same total supply. BEP2E should have 3 more methods than typical ERC20 token standard: * symbol(): get token symbol * decimals(): get the number of the token decimal digits * owner(): get **BEP2E contract owner’s address.** This value should be initialized in the BEP2E contract constructor so that the further binding action can verify whether the action is from the BEP2E owner. 2. Decide the initial circulation on both blockchains. Suppose the total supply is *S*, and the expected initial circulating supply on BC is *K*, then the owner should lock S-K tokens to a system controlled address on BC. 3. Equivalently, *K* tokens is locked in the special contract on BSC, which handles major binding functions and is named as **TokenHub**. The issuer of the BEP2E token should lock the *K* amount of that token into TokenHub, resulting in *S-K* tokens to circulate on BSC. Thus the total circulation across 2 blockchains remains as *S*. 4. The issuer of BEP2 token sends the bind transaction on BC. Once the transaction is executed successfully after proper verification: * It transfers *S-K* tokens to a system-controlled address on BC. * A cross-chain bind request package will be created, waiting for Relayers to relay. 5. BSC Relayers will relay the cross-chain bind request package into **TokenHub** on BSC, and the corresponding request and information will be stored into the contract. 6. The contract owner and only the owner can run a special method of TokenHub contract, `ApproveBind`, to verify the binding request to mark it as a success. It will confirm: * the token has not been bound; * the binding is for the proper symbol, with proper total supply and decimal information; * the proper lock are done on both networks; 10. Once the `ApproveBind` method has succeeded, TokenHub will mark the two tokens are bounded and share the same circulation on BSC, and the status will be propagated back to BC. After this final confirmation, the BEP2E contract address and decimals will be written onto the BEP2 token as a new attribute on BC, and the tokens can be transferred across the two blockchains bidirectionally. If the ApproveBind fails, the failure event will also be propagated back to BC to release the locked tokens, and the above steps can be re-tried later. # Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication Cross-chain communication is the key foundation to allow the community to take advantage of the dual chain structure: * users are free to create any tokenization, financial products, and digital assets on BSC or BC as they wish * the items on BSC can be manually and programmingly traded and circulated in a stable, high throughput, lighting fast and friendly environment of BC * users can operate these in one UI and tooling ecosystem. ## Cross-Chain Transfer The cross-chain transfer is the key communication between the two blockchains. Essentially the logic is: 1. the `transfer-out` blockchain will lock the amount from source owner addresses into a system controlled address/contracts; 2. the `transfer-in` blockchain will unlock the amount from the system controlled address/contracts and send it to target addresses. The cross-chain transfer package message should allow the BSC Relayers and BC **Oracle Relayers** to verify: 1. Enough amount of token assets are removed from the source address and locked into a system controlled addresses/contracts on the source blockchain. And this can be confirmed on the target blockchain. 2. Proper amounts of token assets are released from a system controlled addresses/contracts and allocated into target addresses on the target blockchain. If this fails, it can be confirmed on source blockchain, so that the locked token can be released back (may deduct fees). 3. The sum of the total circulation of the token assets across the 2 blockchains are not changed after this transfer action completes, no matter if the transfer succeeds or not.  The architecture of cross-chain communication is as in the above diagram. To accommodate the 2 heteroid systems, communication handling is different in each direction. ## BC to BSC Architecture BC is a Tendermint-based, instant finality blockchain. Validators with at least ⅔\*N+1 of the total voting power will co-sign each block on the chain. So that it is practical to verify the block transactions and even the state value via **Block Header** and **Merkle Proof** verification. This has been researched and implemented as “**Light-Client Protocol**”, which are intensively discussed in [the Ethereum](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Light-client-protocol) community, studied and implemented for [Cosmos inter-chain communication](https://github.com/cosmos/ics/blob/a4173c91560567bdb7cc9abee8e61256fc3725e9/spec/ics-007-tendermint-client/README.md). BC-to-BSC communication will be verified in an “**on-chain light client**” implemented via BSC **Smart Contracts** (some of them may be **“pre-compiled”**). After some transactions and state change happen on BC, if a transaction is defined to trigger cross-chain communication,the Cross-chain “**package**” message will be created and **BSC Relayers** will pass and submit them onto BSC as data into the "build-in system contracts". The build-in system contracts will verify the package and execute the transactions if it passes the verification. The verification will be guaranteed with the below design: 1. BC blocking status will be synced to the light client contracts on BSC from time to time, via block header and pre-commits, for the below information: * block and app hash of BC that are signed by validators * current validatorset, and validator set update 2. the key-value from the blockchain state will be verified based on the Merkle Proof and information from above #1. After confirming the key-value is accurate and trustful, the build-in system contracts will execute the actions corresponding to the cross-chain packages. Some examples of such packages that can be created for BC-to-BSC are: 1. Bind: bind the BEP2 tokens and BEP2E 2. Transfer: transfer tokens after binding, this means the circulation will decrease (be locked) from BC and appear in the target address balance on BSC 3. Error Handling: to handle any timeout/failure event for BSC-to-BC communication 4. Validatorset update of BSC To ensure no duplication, proper message sequence and timely timeout, there is a “Channel” concept introduced on BC to manage any types of the communication. For relayers, please also refer to the below “Relayers” section. ## BSC to BC Architecture BSC uses Proof of Staked Authority consensus protocol, which has a chance to fork and requires confirmation of more blocks. One block only has the signature of one validator, so that it is not easy to rely on one block to verify data from BSC. To take full advantage of validator quorum of BC, an idea similar to many [Bridge ](https://github.com/poanetwork/poa-bridge)or Oracle blockchains is adopted: 1. The cross-chain communication requests from BSC will be submitted and executed onto BSC as transactions. The execution of the transanction wil emit `Events`, and such events can be observed and packaged in certain “**Oracle**” onto BC. Instead of Block Headers, Hash and Merkle Proof, this type of “Oracle” package directly contains the cross-chain information for actions, such as sender, receiver and amount for transfer. 2. To ensure the security of the Oracle, the validators of BC will form anothe quorum of “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each validator of the BC should run a **dedicated process** as the Oracle Relayer. These Oracle Relayers will submit and vote for the cross-chain communication package, like Oracle, onto BC, using the same validator keys. Any package signed by more than ⅔\*N+1 Oracle Relayers’ voting power is as secure as any block signed by ⅔\*N+1 of the same quorum of validators’ voting power. By using the same validator quorum, it saves the light client code on BC and continuous block updates onto BC. Such Oracles also have Oracle IDs and types, to ensure sequencing and proper error handling. ## Timeout and Error Handling There are scenarios that the cross-chain communication fails. For example, the relayed package cannot be executed on BSC due to some coding bug in the contracts. **Timeout and error handling logics are** used in such scenarios. For the recognizable user and system errors or any expected exceptions, the two networks should heal themselves. For example, when BC to BSC transfer fails, BSC will issue a failure event and Oracle Relayers will execute a refund on BC; when BSC to BC transfer fails, BC will issue a refund package for Relayer to relay in order to unlock the fund. However, unexpected error or exception may still happen on any step of the cross-chain communication. In such a case, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers will discover that the corresponding cross-chain channel is stuck in a particular sequence. After a Timeout period, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers can request a “SkipSequence” transaction, the stuck sequence will be marked as “Unexecutable”. A corresponding alerts will be raised, and the community has to discuss how to handle this scenario, e.g. payback via the sponsor of the validators, or event clear the fund during next network upgrade. ## Cross-Chain User Experience Ideally, users expect to use two parallel chains in the same way as they use one single chain. It requires more aggregated transaction types to be added onto the cross-chain communication to enable this, which will add great complexity, tight coupling, and maintenance burden. Here BC and BSC only implement the basic operations to enable the value flow in the initial launch and leave most of the user experience work to client side UI, such as wallets. E.g. a great wallet may allow users to sell a token directly from BSC onto BC’s DEX order book, in a secure way. ## Cross-Chain Contract Event Cross-Chain Contract Event (CCCE) is designed to allow a smart contract to trigger cross-chain transactions, directly through the contract code. This becomes possible based on: 1. Standard system contracts can be provided to serve operations callable by general smart contracts; 2. Standard events can be emitted by the standard contracts; 3. Oracle Relayers can capture the standard events, and trigger the corresponding cross-chain operations; 4. Dedicated, code-managed address (account) can be created on BC and accessed by the contracts on the BSC, here it is named as **“Contract Address on BC” (CAoB)**. Several standard operations are implemented: 1. BSC to BC transfer: this is implemented in the same way as normal BSC to BC transfer, by only triggered via standard contract. The fund can be transferred to any addresses on BC, including the corresponding CAoB of the transfer originating contract. 2. Transfer on BC: this is implemented as a special cross-chain transfer, while the real transfer is from **CAoB** to any other address (even another CAoB). 3. BC to BSC transfer: this is implemented as two-pass cross-chain communication. The first is triggered by the BSC contract and propagated onto BC, and then in the second pass, BC will start a normal BC to BSC cross-chain transfer, from **CAoB** to contract address on BSC. A special note should be paid on that the BSC contract only increases balance upon any transfer coming in on the second pass, and the error handling in the second pass is the same as the normal BC to BSC transfer. 4. IOC (Immediate-Or-Cancel) Trade Out: the primary goal of transferring assets to BC is to trade. This event will instruct to trade a certain amount of an asset in CAoB into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results, i.e. the left the source and the traded target tokens of the trade, back to BSC. BC will handle such relayed events by sending an “Immediate-Or-Cancel”, i.e. IOC order onto the trading pairs, once the next matching finishes, the result will be relayed back to BSC, which can be in either one or two assets. 5. Auction Trade Out: Such event will instruct BC to send an auction order to trade a certain amount of an asset in **CAoB** into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results back to BSC at the end of the auction. Auction function is upcoming on BC. There are some details for the Trade Out: 1. both can have a limit price (absolute or relative) for the trade; 2. the end result will be written as cross-chain packages to relay back to BSC; 3. cross-chain communication fees may be charged from the asset transferred back to BSC; 4. BSC contract maintains a mirror of the balance and outstanding orders on CAoB. No matter what error happens during the Trade Out, the final status will be propagated back to the originating contract and clear its internal state. With the above features, it simply adds the cross-chain transfer and exchange functions with high liquidity onto all the smart contracts on BSC. It will greatly add the application scenarios on Smart Contract and dApps, and make 1 chain +1 chain > 2 chains. # Staking and Governance Proof of Staked Authority brings in decentralization and community involvement. Its core logic can be summarized as the below. You may see similar ideas from other networks, especially Cosmos and EOS. 1. Token holders, including the validators, can put their tokens “**bonded**” into the stake. Token holders can **delegate** their tokens onto any validator or validator candidate, to expect it can become an actual validator, and later they can choose a different validator or candidate to **re-delegate** their tokens¹. 2. All validator candidates will be ranked by the number of bonded tokens on them, and the top ones will become the real validators. 3. Validators can share (part of) their blocking reward with their delegators. 4. Validators can suffer from “**Slashing**”, a punishment for their bad behaviors, such as double sign and/or instability. 5. There is an “**unbonding period**” for validators and delegators so that the system makes sure the tokens remain bonded when bad behaviors are caught, the responsible will get slashed during this period. ## Staking on BC Ideally, such staking and reward logic should be built into the blockchain, and automatically executed as the blocking happens. Cosmos Hub, who shares the same Tendermint consensus and libraries with Binance Chain, works in this way. BC has been preparing to enable staking logic since the design days. On the other side, as BSC wants to remain compatible with Ethereum as much as possible, it is a great challenge and efforts to implement such logic on it. This is especially true when Ethereum itself may move into a different Proof of Stake consensus protocol in a short (or longer) time. In order to keep the compatibility and reuse the good foundation of BC, the staking logic of BSC is implemented on BC: 1. The staking token is BNB, as it is a native token on both blockchains anyway 2. The staking, i.e. token bond and delegation actions and records for BSC, happens on BC. 3. The BSC validator set is determined by its staking and delegation logic, via a staking module built on BC for BSC, and propagated every day UTC 00:00 from BC to BSC via Cross-Chain communication. 4. The reward distribution happens on BC around every day UTC 00:00. ## Rewarding Both the validator update and reward distribution happen every day around UTC 00:00. This is to save the cost of frequent staking updates and block reward distribution. This cost can be significant, as the blocking reward is collected on BSC and distributed on BC to BSC validators and delegators. (Please note BC blocking fees will remain rewarding to BC validators only.) A deliberate delay is introduced here to make sure the distribution is fair: 1. The blocking reward will not be sent to validator right away, instead, they will be distributed and accumulated on a contract; 2. Upon receiving the validator set update into BSC, it will trigger a few cross-chain transfers to transfer the reward to custody addresses on the corresponding validators. The custody addresses are owned by the system so that the reward cannot be spent until the promised distribution to delegators happens. 3. In order to make the synchronization simpler and allocate time to accommodate slashing, the reward for N day will be only distributed in N+2 days. After the delegators get the reward, the left will be transferred to validators’ own reward addresses. ## Slashing Slashing is part of the on-chain governance, to ensure the malicious or negative behaviors are punished. BSC slash can be submitted by anyone. The transaction submission requires **slash evidence** and cost fees but also brings a larger reward when it is successful. So far there are two slashable cases. ### Double Sign It is quite a serious error and very likely deliberate offense when a validator signs more than one block with the same height and parent block. The reference protocol implementation should already have logic to prevent this, so only the malicious code can trigger this. When Double Sign happens, the validator should be removed from the Validator **Set** right away. Anyone can submit a slash request on BC with the evidence of Double Sign of BSC, which should contain the 2 block headers with the same height and parent block, sealed by the offending validator. Upon receiving the evidence, if the BC verifies it to be valid: 1. The validator will be removed from validator set by an instance BSC validator set update Cross-Chain update; 2. A predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator; Both validator and its delegators will not receive the staking rewards. 3. Part of the slashed BNB will allocate to the submitter’s address, which is a reward and larger than the cost of submitting slash request transaction 4. The rest of the slashed BNB will allocate to the other validators’ custody addresses, and distributed to all delegators in the same way as blocking reward. ### Inavailability The liveness of BSC relies on everyone in the Proof of Staked Authority validator set can produce blocks timely when it is their turn. Validators can miss their turn due to any reason, especially problems in their hardware, software, configuration or network. This instability of the operation will hurt the performance and introduce more indeterministic into the system. There can be an internal smart contract responsible for recording the missed blocking metrics of each validator. Once the metrics are above the predefined threshold, the blocking reward for validator will not be relayed to BC for distribution but shared with other better validators. In such a way, the poorly-operating validator should be gradually voted out of the validator set as their delegators will receive less or none reward. If the metrics remain above another higher level of threshold, the validator will be dropped from the rotation, and this will be propagated back to BC, then a predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator. Both validators and delegators will not receive their staking rewards. ### Governance Parameters There are many system parameters to control the behavior of the BSC, e.g. slash amount, cross-chain transfer fees. All these parameters will be determined by BSC Validator Set together through a proposal-vote process based on their staking. Such the process will be carried on BC, and the new parameter values will be picked up by corresponding system contracts via a cross-chain communication. # Relayers Relayers are responsible to submit Cross-Chain Communication Packages between the two blockchains. Due to the heterogeneous parallel chain structure, two different types of Relayers are created. ## BSC Relayers Relayers for BC to BSC communication referred to as “**BSC Relayers**”, or just simply “Relayers”. Relayer is a standalone process that can be run by anyone, and anywhere, except that Relayers must register themselves onto BSC and deposit a certain refundable amount of BNB. Only relaying requests from the registered Relayers will be accepted by BSC. The package they relay will be verified by the on-chain light client on BSC. The successful relay needs to pass enough verification and costs gas fees on BSC, and thus there should be incentive reward to encourage the community to run Relayers. ### Incentives There are two major communication types: 1. Users triggered Operations, such as `token bind` or `cross chain transfer`. Users must pay additional fee to as relayer reward. The reward will be shared with the relayers who sync the referenced blockchain headers. Besides, the reward won't be paid the relayers' accounts directly. A reward distribution mechanism will be brought in to avoid monopolization. 2. System Synchronization, such as delivering `refund package`(caused by failures of most oracle relayers), special blockchain header synchronization(header contains BC validatorset update), BSC staking package. System reward contract will pay reward to relayers' accounts directly. If some Relayers have faster networks and better hardware, they can monopolize all the package relaying and leave no reward to others. Thus fewer participants will join for relaying, which encourages centralization and harms the efficiency and security of the network. Ideally, due to the decentralization and dynamic re-election of BSC validators, one Relayer can hardly be always the first to relay every message. But in order to avoid the monopolization further, the rewarding economy is also specially designed to minimize such chance: 1. The reward for Relayers will be only distributed in batches, and one batch will cover a number of successful relayed packages. 2. The reward a Relayer can get from a batch distribution is not linearly in proportion to their number of successful relayed packages. Instead, except the first a few relays, the more a Relayer relays during a batch period, the less reward it will collect. ## Oracle Relayers Relayers for BSC to BC communication are using the “Oracle” model, and so-called “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each of the validators must, and only the ones of the validator set, run Oracle Relayers. Each Oracle Relayer watches the blockchain state change. Once it catches Cross-Chain Communication Packages, it will submit to vote for the requests. After Oracle Relayers from ⅔ of the voting power of BC validators vote for the changes, the cross-chain actions will be performed. Oracle Replayers should wait for enough blocks to confirm the finality on BSC before submitting and voting for the cross-chain communication packages onto BC. The cross-chain fees will be distributed to BC validators together with the normal BC blocking rewards. Such oracle type relaying depends on all the validators to support. As all the votes for the cross-chain communication packages are recorded on the blockchain, it is not hard to have a metric system to assess the performance of the Oracle Relayers. The poorest performer may have their rewards clawed back via another Slashing logic introduced in the future. # Outlook It is hard to conclude for Binance Chain, as it has never stopped evolving. The dual-chain strategy is to open the gate for users to take advantage of the fast transferring and trading on one side, and flexible and extendable programming on the other side, but it will be one stop along the development of Binance Chain. Here below are the topics to look into so as to facilitate the community better for more usability and extensibility: 1. Add different digital asset model for different business use cases 2. Enable more data feed, especially DEX market data, to be communicated from Binance DEX to BSC 3. Provide interface and compatibility to integrate with Ethereum, including its further upgrade, and other blockchain 4. Improve client side experience to manage wallets and use blockchain more conveniently ------ [1]: BNB business practitioners may provide other benefits for BNB delegators, as they do now for long term BNB holders.

Build a Netflix UI Clone in React JS for an authentic streaming experience. Craft pixel-perfect components and fetch dynamic content to showcase your web development skills! 🚀📺

Claude skills for generating ASCII components and screens for humans to review, and AI to build from.

This repository is a hands-on build to enhance my React.js skills. It covers components, props, state, and event handling while focusing on reusable UI elements. It also explores React’s component-driven architecture for creating dynamic, efficient, and scalable front-end applications.

Claude Code skill that brings AI-driven design system workflows to Figma. Audit token health, build systems from brand guidelines, migrate hardcoded values, and repair broken components — all through natural language prompts via the Figma MCP plugin.

WGU-Software-I-C482 COMPETENCIES 430.02.05 : Classes and Interfaces The graduate designs software solutions with appropriate classes, objects, methods, and interfaces to achieve specific goals. 430.02.06 : Object-Oriented Principles The graduate implements object-oriented design principles (e.g., inheritance, encapsulation, and abstraction) in developing applications for ensuring the application’s scalability. 430.02.07 : Application Development The graduate produces applications using Java programming language constructs to meet business requirements. 430.02.08 : Exception Handling The graduate incorporates simple exception handling in application development for improving user experience and application stability. 430.02.09 : User Interface Development The graduate develops user interfaces to meet project requirements. INTRODUCTION Throughout your career in software design and development, you will be asked to create applications with various features and functionality based on business requirements. For this assessment, you will create a Java desktop application using the solution statements provided in the requirements section of this assessment. The skills you showcase in your completed application will be useful in responding to technical interview questions for future employment. This application may also be added to your portfolio to show to future employers. The preferred integrated development environment (IDE) for this assignment is NetBeans version 11.1 or later or IntelliJ IDEA (Community Edition). Use the links in the web links section of this assessment to install one of these IDEs. If you choose to use another IDE, you must export your project into NetBeans 11.1 or later or IntelliJ IDEA format or your submission will be returned. This assessment also requires the following software: JDK 11 and JavaFX SDK or Module (for NetBeans or IntelliJ IDEA), and Scene Builder, which are also available for download in the web links section of this assessment, as well as a video demonstration of the completed application. Your submission should include a zip file with all the necessary code files to compile, support, and run your application. Your submission should also include a folder with descriptive Javadoc comments in the .java files. The zip file submission must keep the project file and folder structure intact for the IDE. In NetBeans, zip your file by going to File > Export Project > To ZIP and click Export. In IntelliJ IDEA, go to File > Export to Zip File and click OK. If you try to zip your project files with an external program, it will include the build files and make the zip files too large for submission. Note: You may receive an error message upon submitting your files because the automated plagiarism detectors will not be able to access the zipped file, but the evaluation team members will run their checks manually when evaluating your submission. SCENARIO You are working for a small manufacturing organization that has outgrown its current inventory system. Members of the organization have been using a spreadsheet program to manually enter inventory additions, deletions, and other data from a paper-based system but would now like you to develop a more sophisticated inventory program. You have been provided with a mock-up of the user interface to use in the design and development of the system (see the attached “Software 1 GUI Mock-Up”) and a class diagram to assist you in your work (see the attached “UML Class Diagram”). The organization also has specific business requirements that must be considered for the application. A systems analyst created the solution statements outlined in the requirements section of this task based on the business requirements. You will use these solution statements to develop your application. REQUIREMENTS Your submission must be your original work. No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. The originality report that is provided when you submit your task can be used as a guide. You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course. Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc., unless specified in the task requirements. All other submissions must be file types that are uploaded and submitted as attachments (e.g., .docx, .pdf, .ppt). I. User Interface A. Create a JavaFX application with a graphical user interface (GUI) based on the attached “Software 1 GUI Mock-Up.” You may use JavaFX with or without FXML to create your GUI, or you may use Scene Builder to create your FXML file; use of Swing is not permitted. The user interface (UI) should closely match the organization of the GUI layout and contain all UI components (buttons, text fields, etc.) in each of the following GUI mock-up forms: 1. Main form 2. Add Part form 3. Modify Part form 4. Add Product form 5. Modify Product form Note: You may use one FXML file for forms with an identical UI component structure. You may also use a single window that can be switched to a different menu, or a new window can be launched for each form. As of JDK 11, JavaFX is no longer included in the JDK API but is available as an SDK or module. B. Provide Javadoc comments for each class member throughout the code, and include a detailed description of the following in your comments: • a logical or runtime error that you corrected in the code and how it was corrected • a future enhancement that would extend the functionality of the application if it were to be updated Note: For these comments to accurately export to the Javadoc comments, please add the logical and runtime error comments in the method header declaration comments where the error that was corrected occurred, and include the future enhancement comments in the comments of the main class. Please start these comments with “RUNTIME ERROR” or “FUTURE ENHANCEMENT” as applicable. II. Application C. Create classes with data and logic that map to the UML class diagram and include the supplied Part class provided in the attached “Part.java.” Do not alter the provided class. Include all the classes and members as shown in the UML diagram. Your code should demonstrate the following: • inheritance • abstract and concrete classes • instance and static variables • instance and static methods D. Add the following functionalities to the Main form: 1. The Parts pane • The Add button under the Parts TableView opens the Add Part form. • The Modify button under the Parts TableView opens the Modify Part form. • The Delete button under the Parts TableView deletes the selected part from the Parts TableView or displays a descriptive error message in the UI or in a dialog box if a part is not deleted. • When the user searches for parts by ID or name (partial or full name) using the text field, the application displays matching results in the Parts TableView. (Including a search button is optional.) If the part or parts are found, the application highlights a single part or filters multiple parts. If the part is not found, the application displays an error message in the UI or in a dialog box. • If the search field is set to empty, the table should be repopulated with all available parts. 2. The Products pane • The Add button under the Products TableView opens the Add Product form. • The Modify button under the Products TableView opens the Modify Product form. • The Delete button under the Products TableView deletes the selected product (if appropriate) from the Products TableView or displays a descriptive error message in the UI or in a dialog box if a product is not deleted. • When the user searches for products by ID or name (partial or full name) using the text field, the application displays matching results in the Products TableView. (Including a search button is optional.) If a product or products are found, the application highlights a single product or products or filters multiple products. If a product or products are not found, the application displays an error message in the UI or in a dialog box. • If the search field is set to empty, the table should be repopulated with all available products. Note: A product’s associated parts can exist independent of current inventory of parts. You are not required to display sample data upon launching your application. You do not need to save your data to a database or a file; data for this application is nonpersistent and will reside in computer memory while in use. 3. Exit button • The Exit button closes the application. E. Add the listed functionalities to the following parts forms: 1. The Add Part form • The In-House and Outsourced radio buttons switch the bottom label to the correct value (Machine ID or Company Name). • The application auto-generates a unique part ID. The part IDs can be, but do not need to be, contiguous. - The part ID text field must be disabled. • The user should be able to enter a part name, inventory level or stock, a price, maximum and minimum values, and company name or machine ID values into active text fields. • After saving the data, users are automatically redirected to the Main form. • Canceling or exiting this form redirects users to the Main form. 2. The Modify Part form • The text fields populate with the data from the chosen part. • The In-House and Outsourced radio buttons switch the bottom label to the correct value (Machine ID or Company Name) and swap In-House parts and Outsourced parts. When new objects need to be created after the Save button is clicked, the part ID should be retained. • The user can modify data values in the text fields sent from the Main form except the part ID. • After saving modifications to the part, the user is automatically redirected to the Main form. • Canceling or exiting this form redirects users to the Main form. F. Add the following functionalities to the following product forms: 1. The Add Product form • The application auto-generates a unique product ID. The product IDs can be, but do not need to be, contiguous. - The product ID text field must be disabled and cannot be edited or changed. • The user should be able to enter a product name, inventory level or stock, a price, and maximum and minimum values. • The user can search for parts (top table) by ID or name (partial or full name). If the part or parts are found, the application highlights a single part or filters multiple parts. If the part or parts are not found, the application displays an error message in the UI or in a dialog box. • If the search field is set to empty, the table should be repopulated with all available parts. • The top table should be identical to the Parts TableView in the Main form. • The user can select a part from the top table. The user then clicks the Add button, and the part is copied to the bottom table. (This associates one or more parts with a product.) • The Remove Associated Part button removes a selected part from the bottom table. (This dissociates or removes a part from a product.) • After saving the data, the user is automatically redirected to the Main form. • Canceling or exiting this form redirects users to the Main form. Note: When a product is deleted, so can its associated parts without affecting the part inventory. The Remove Associated Part button removes a selected part from the bottom table. (This dissociates or removes a part from a product.) 2. The Modify Product form • The text fields populate with the data from the chosen product, and the bottom TableView populates with the associated parts. • The user can search for parts (top table) by ID or name (partial or full name). If the part or parts are found, the application highlights a single part or filters multiple parts. If the part is not found, the application displays an error message in the UI or a dialog box. • If the search text field is set to empty, the table should be repopulated with all available parts. • The top table should be identical to the Parts TableView in the Main form. • The user may modify or change data values. - The product ID text field must be disabled and cannot be edited or changed. • The user can select a part from the top table. The user then clicks the Add button, and the part is copied to the bottom table. (This associates one or more parts with a product.) • The user may associate zero, one, or more parts with a product. • The user may remove or disassociate a part from a product. • After saving modifications to the product, the user is automatically redirected to the Main form. • Canceling or exiting this form redirects users to the Main form. Note: The Remove Associated Part button removes a selected part from the bottom table. (This dissociates or removes a part from a product.) G. Write code to implement input validation and logical error checks using a dialog box or message in the UI displaying a descriptive error message for each of the following circumstances: • Min should be less than Max; and Inv should be between those two values. • The user should not delete a product that has a part associated with it. • The application confirms the “Delete” and “Remove” actions. • The application will not crash when inappropriate user data is entered in the forms; instead, error messages should be generated. H. Provide a folder containing Javadoc files that were generated from the IDE or via the command prompt from part B. In a comment above the main method header declaration, please specify where this folder is located. I. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission. File Restrictions File name may contain only letters, numbers, spaces, and these symbols: ! - _ . * ' ( ) File size limit: 200 MB File types allowed: doc, docx, rtf, xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx, odt, pdf, txt, qt, mov, mpg, avi, mp3, wav, mp4, wma, flv, asf, mpeg, wmv, m4v, svg, tif, tiff, jpeg, jpg, gif, png, zip, rar, tar, 7z

Claude Code skill: Extract design tokens and components from repository code and build a design system in Pencil (.pen) files

A collection of React projects showcasing various concepts and use cases, from basic components to advanced applications. Explore and learn key React features such as state management, routing, APIs, and more. Ideal for both beginners and experienced developers looking to enhance their skills and build practical applications.

# Trybe This repository contains all the learning activities developed by João V.S Dias https://www.linkedin.com/in/diasvictorj/_ while studying at [Trybe](https://www.betrybe.com/) :rocket: _"Trybe is a school of the future for anyone who wants to improve their life and build a successful career in technology, where people only pay when they get a good job."_ The program has more than 1,500 hours of classroom and online classes, covers an introduction to software development, front-end, back-end, computer science, software engineering, agile methodologies and behavioral skills. ## Web Development Fundamentals :white_check_mark: ##### Block 1: Introduction - Unix & Shell - [ ] 1-3: _Unix & Shell- Part 1_ - [ ] 1-4: _Unix & Shell- Part 2_ ##### Block 2: Git & GitHub - [ ] 2-1: _What is it and what is it for?_ - [ ] 2-2: _Understanding the commands_ - [ ] 2-3: _Internet - Understanding how it works_ ##### Block 3: Introduction - HTML & CSS - [ ] 3-1: _HTML & CSS - Page Structures_ - [ ] 3-2: _HTML & CSS - Getting Started with CSS_ - [ ] 3-3: _HTML & CSS - Selectors and positioning_ - [ ] 3-4: _Semantic HTML_ - [ ] 3-5: _[Project - HTML & CSS]()_ ##### Block 4: Introduction - JavaScript - [ ] 4-1: _JavaScript - First steps_ - [ ] 4-2: _JavaScript - Array and For_ loop - [ ] 4-3: _JavaScript - Programming Logic and Algorithms_ - [ ] 4-4: _JavaScript - Objects and Functions_ - [ ] 4-5: _[Project - Playground Functions]()_ ##### Block 5: Introduction - JavaScript - Projects - [ ] 5-1: _JavaScript - DOM and selectors_ - [ ] 5-2: _JavaScript - Working with elements_ - [ ] 5-3: _JavaScript - Events_ - [ ] 5-4: _JavaScript - Web Storage_ - [ ] 5-5: _[Project - Meme Generator]()_ - [ ] 5-6: _[Project - Pixel Art]()_ - [ ] 5-7: _[Project - Task List]()_ - [ ] 5-7: _[Project - Guess the Color]()_ - [ ] 5-7: _[Project - Mysterious Letter]()_ ##### Block 6: Advanced HTML & CSS - [ ] 6-1: _HTML & CSS - Forms_ - [ ] 6-2: _JavaScript Libraries and CSS Frameworks_ - [ ] 6-3: _CSS Flexbox - Part 1_ - [ ] 6-4: _CSS Flexbox - Part 2_ - [ ] 6-5: _CSS Responsive - Mobile First_ - [ ] 6-6: _[Project - Facebook homepage]()_ ##### Block 7: JavaScript ES6 & Unit Tests - [ ] 7-1: _JavaScript ES6 - let, const, arrow functions and template literals_ - [ ] 7-2: _JavaScript ES6 - Objects_ - [ ] 7-3: _Unit tests in JavaScript_ - [ ] 7-4: _[Project - JavaScript Unit Tests]()_ ##### Block 8: JavaScript ES6 - [ ] 8-1: _JavaScript ES6 - Higher Order Functions - forEach, find, some, every, sort_ - [ ] 8-2: _JavaScript ES6 - Higher Order Functions - map and filter_ - [ ] 8-3: _JavaScript ES6 - Higher Order Functions - reduce_ - [ ] 8-4: _JavaScript ES6 - spread operator, rest parameter, destructuring and more_ - [ ] 8-5: _[Project - Zoo functions]()_ ##### Block 9: Asynchronicity & Callbacks - [ ] 9-1: _Asynchronous JavaScript and Callbacks_ - [ ] 9-2: _JavaScript Promises_ - [ ] 9-3: _[Project - Shopping Cart]()_ ##### Block 10: Jest - [ ] 10-1: _First steps in Jest_ - [ ] 10-2: _Jest - Asynchronous Tests_ - [ ] 10-3: _Jest - Simulating behavior_ - [ ] 10-4: _[Project - Asynchronous Jest and Mocking]()_ ## Front-end development :hourglass_flowing_sand: ##### Block 11: Introduction - React - [ ] 11-1: _'Hello, world!' on React!_ - [ ] 11-2: _React Components_ - [ ] 11-3: _[Project - Movie Cards Library]()_ ##### Block 12: React - [ ] 12-1: _Components with status_ - [ ] 12-2: _Events and forms in React_ - [ ] 12-3: _[Project - Movie Cards Library Stateful]()_ ##### Block 13: React - [ ] 13-1: _Improving component reuse: props.children and PropTypes_ - [ ] 13-2: _Component lifecycle in React_ - [ ] 13-3: _React Router_ - [ ] 13-4: _[Project - Movie Cards Library CRUD]()_ ##### Block 14: Agile Methodologies - [ ] 14-1: _Agile Methodologies_ - [ ] 14-2: _[Project - Frontend Online Store]()_ ##### Block 15: Tests in React - [ ] 15-1: _Testing React with the React Testing Library_ - [ ] 15-2: _Testing React with the React Testing Library - Part 2_ - [ ] 15-3: _[Project - Tests in React]()_ ##### Block 16: Introduction to Redux - [ ] 16-1: _Introduction to Redux_ - [ ] 16-2: _React with Redux - Part 1_ - [ ] 16-3: _React with Redux - Practice_ - [ ] 16-4: _React with Redux - Part 2_ - [ ] 16-5: _Synchronous tests with React-Redux_ - [ ] 16-6: _[Project - Table with data filters]()_ ##### Block 17: Project React - [ ] 17-1: _[Project - Trivia Game]()_ ##### Block 18: React & Context API - [ ] 18-1: _Context API of React_ - [ ] 18-2: _React Hooks - useState and useContext_ - [ ] 18-3: _React Hooks - useEffect and Custom Hooks_ - [ ] 18-4: _[Project - StarWars Datatable with Context API and Hooks]()_ ##### Block 19: Front-end Final Project - [ ] 19-1: _[Project - Recipe App]()_ ## Back-end Development :hourglass_flowing_sand: ##### Block 20: Introduction - Relational Databases - [ ] 20-1: _SQL Database_ - [ ] 20-2: _Finding data in a database_ - [ ] 20-3: _Filtering data specifically_ - [ ] 20-4: _Manipulating tables_ - [ ] 20-5: _[Project - All For One]()_ ##### Block 21: Relational Databases - [ ] 21-1: _Most used functions in SQL_ - [ ] 21-2: _Uncomplicating JOINs and UNIONs_ - [ ] 21-3: _Stored Routines & Subqueries_ - [ ] 21-4: _[Project - Vocabulary Booster]()_ ##### Block 22: Relational Databases - [ ] 22-1: _Transforming ideas into a database model_ - [ ] 22-2: _Normalization, Normal Forms and Dumps_ - [ ] 22-2: _Turning ideas into a database model - Part 2_ - [ ] 22-3: _[Project - One For All]()_ ##### Block 23: Introduction - NoSQL - [ ] 23-1: _MongoDB - Introduction_ - [ ] 23-2: _Filter Operators_ - [ ] 23-3: _[Project - Date Flights]()_ ##### Block 24: Updates - [ ] 24-1: _Simple Updates_ - [ ] 24-2: _Complex Updates - Arrays - Part 1_ - [ ] 24-3: _Complex Updates - Arrays - Part 2_ - [ ] 24-4: _[Project - Commerce]()_ ##### Block 25: Aggregation Framework - [ ] 25-1: _Aggregation Framework - Part 1_ - [ ] 25-2: _Aggregation Framework - Part 2_ - [ ] 25-3: _[Project - Aggregations]()_ ##### Block 26: Intro - NodeJS - [ ] 26-1: _NodeJS - Introduction_ - [ ] 26-2: _NodeJS - Asynchronous Flow_ - [ ] 26-3: _NodeJS - Architecture_ - [ ] 26-4: _[Project - A CLI of Ice and Fire]()_ ##### Block 27: NodeJS - [ ] 27-1: _Express: HTTP with Node.js_ - [ ] 27-2: _Software Architecture - Introduction to MVC_ - [ ] 27-3: _[Project - Cookmaster]()_ ##### Block 28: NodeJS - [ ] 28-1: _Software Architecture - Service Layer_ - [ ] 28-2: _Web Architecture - Rest and Restful_ - [ ] 28-3: _[Project - Store Manager]()_ ##### Block 29: NodeJS - [ ] 29-1: _NodeJS - JWT - (JSON Web Token)_ - [ ] 29-2: _NodeJS - Upload files with Multer_ - [ ] 29-3: _[Project - Cookmaster V2]()_ ##### Block 30: Introduction - Deploy - [ ] 30-1: _Infrastructure - Deploy with Heroku_ - [ ] 30-2: _Deploy - Process Managers_ - [ ] 30-3: _[Project - Stranger Things]()_ ##### Block 31: Project - [ ] 31-1: _[Project - Trybeer]()_ ##### Block 32: Software Architecture - [ ] 32-1: _Architecture - SOLID Principles_ - [ ] 32-2: _ORM - Application interface with the database_ - [ ] 32-3: _Software Architecture - DDD_ - [ ] 32-4: _Good practice writing tests_ - [ ] 32-3: _[Project - Blogs API]()_ ##### Block 33: Sockets - [ ] 30-1: _Sockets - TCP/UDP & NET_ - [ ] 30-2: _Sockets - Socket.io_ - [ ] 30-3: _[Project - Webchat]()_ ##### Block 34: Project - [ ] 34-1: _[Project - Trybeer V2]()_ ## Computer Science :hourglass_flowing_sand: ##### Block 35: Introduction - Computer Science - [ ] 35-1: _Computer Architecture_ - [ ] 35-2: _Network architecture_ - [ ] 35-3: _Computer networks, tools and security_ - [ ] 35-4: _[Project - Exploring the protocols]()_ ##### Block 36: Python - [ ] 35-1: _Learning Python_ - [ ] 35-2: _Tests and Exceptions_ - [ ] 35-3: _Data Input and Output_ - [ ] 36-4: _Data Input and Output_ - [ ] 35-5: _[Project - Tech news]()_ # [...]

Communication Skills Have you ever attempted to convey the desired information? Maybe you took a stab at pitching an earth shattering venture, you were tasked with running a departmental meeting, or you expected to convey a convincing presentation. You did as well as can possibly be expected, however all you got were vague looks and ungainly quiets. Odds are, there wasn't much amiss with what you were attempting to say; it's simply that you expected to chip away at how you said it. The best communicators rouse and spur individuals, help them to make successful move, and expel obstructions to their comprehension. Lamentably, numerous businessmen think that its difficult to impart viably — we've all gotten tremendous, language ridden messages, and we've encountered the misconception, dissatisfaction and missed open doors that accompany them. Be that as it may, with the right aptitudes, anybody can turn into an outstanding communicator Add to My Personal Learning Plan. 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This repository is a collection of 100 frontend projects designed to strengthen your web development skills, showcase creativity, and build a solid portfolio. From beginner-friendly layouts to advanced interactive components, each project focuses on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript best practices, while exploring modern design trends.

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Unreal Multiplayer Course - Section 4 - Krazy Karts In follow up to our hugely successful Complete Unreal Engine Developer course we bring you Unreal Multiplayer Mastery - as on featured on Epic's UE4 blog. In this section make your games feel responsive no matter what network conditions your players face. Understand and explain concepts such as lag. Devise mechanism to compensate for lag in your games. You're welcome to download, fork or do whatever else legal with all the files! The real value is in our huge, high-quality online tutorials that accompany this repo. You can check out the course here: Unreal Multiplayer Mastery 0 Introduction to Krazy Karts We overview the sections topics. 1 Creating A Go-Kart Pawn Create the project. Create a pawn. Setup GameMode Spawning. Setup Camera. Attach throttle controls. 2 Understanding Forces And Movement Revision of forces in physics. Calculating movement from force. Providing the driving force. 3 Blocking Movement Without Physics Setting up collision volumes. Sweeping with AddActorWorldOffset. Resetting velocity on collision. Refactoring the Tick function. 4 Rotations With Quaternions Angle axis rotations with FQuat. Adding rotations actors. Rotating our velocity. 5 Simulating Air Resistance Understanding air resistance. Getting the "speed". Calculating force due to air resistance. 6 Simulating Rolling Resistance What is rolling resistance? Finding the gravity in Unreal. Implementing rolling resistance. Example rolling resistance coeffients. 7 Steering And Turning Circles Why we get turning circles. Calculating our rotation geometry. Correcting steering behaviour. 8 Server Functions & Cheat Protection How to change state from the client. Introduction to RPC server functions. What is validation? Implementing validation for input. 9 AutonomousProxy vs SimulatedProxy What are Actor roles? Investigating the network roles. Updating the AutonomousProxy. 10 Sources Of Simulation Error How simulation error effect our game. Overview the different sources of error. Investigate approaches to eliminating them. 11 Replicating Variables From The Server Overview of property replication. Replicating the actor position. Setting and reading the property. Replicating the actor rotation. 12 Triggering Code On Replication Deep dive on property replication. Setting the network update interval. Notify on replicate. Simulate between updates. 13 Smooth Simulated Proxies Replicating velocity. Why is movement jerky? Replicating control input to SimulatedProxy. 14 Simulating Lag And Packet Loss What is lag? Simulating lag and packet loss. Why does lag cause glitching? 15 Replay Autonomous Moves Why do we reset when accelerating? Keeping AutonomousProxy ahead of the Server. What information needs to be sent to the server. Compare our different simulation approaches. 16 Planning Client-Side Prediction Pseudocode for client prediction. Adding structs for synchronisation. 17 Replicating Structs What do we have already? Replicating state via a struct. Sending the Move struct via RPC. 18 Simulating A Move The SimulateMove signature. Updating the canonical state. Implement SimulateMove. 19 Unacknowledged Move Queue TArray for the Move queue. Tidying the move creation code. Printing the queue length. Removing acknowledged moves. 20 Simulating Unacknowledged Moves Simulate all moves. Testing for smoothness. How can we still make it glitch? 21 Fixing SimulatedProxy Prediction Ensuring the Server simulates once. Local prediction on the client. Making smoother predictions. 22 Refactoring Into Components Red-Green-Refactor process. How to spot your "code smells". Identifying a suitable refactor. Planning our refactor. 23 Extracting A Movement Component Create and name the component. Move member declarations across. Move function implementations. Fix build errors. 24 Extracting A Replication Component Creating the component. Enable replication. Move member declarations across. Move function implementations. Fix build errors. 25 Decoupling Movement & Replication What happens if we disable the replicator? Allow the Movement Component to tick. Getting the information to replicate. 26 Linear Interpolation For Position How does linear interpolation work? Overview of client interpolation. Pseudocode for client interpolation. 27 FMath::Lerp For Client Interpolation Ensure movement replication is off. Updating the time variables. FMath::Lerp vs FMath::LerpStable. Implementing the pseudocode. 28 FQuat::Slerp For Rotation Slerp vs Lerp. Store tranform instead of location. Implementing Slerped location. 29 Hermite Cubic Spline Interpolation Understanding jarring movement. How velocity can help or hinder. A brief overview of polynomials. Introducing the Hermite Cubic Spline. 30 FMath::CubicInterp For Velocity Slopes, derivatives and velocity. Using CubicInterp for location. Using CubicInterpDerivative for velocity. 31 Refactoring With Structs Assessing the existing code. Creating a plain C++ struct. Pulling out methods. 32 Client Interpolation Mesh Offset Understanding mesh offseting. Set up the mesh offset root component. Manipulating the offset instead. 33 Advanced Cheat Protection Bounding the inputs. Stressing our DeltaTime. Tracking simulation time. 99 End Of Course Wrap-up Congratulations on making it this far! Why we don't cover dedicated server. How to continue practicing your skills

Key#1: Understand the regulations that pertain to your industry and your business throughout each level and function of your organization This is more difficult than it appears because Federal Regulations are simply not prescriptive and that is by design. 21CFR 820 Medical Device QSR for example, must be applicable to both manufacturers of small surgical instruments as well as manufacturers of MRI devices requiring that the regulations be sufficiently vague and flexible to pertain to each product. At the end of the day, it is the responsibility of every regulated organization to interpret those governing regulations as they pertain to the company's unique product and processes and apply those interpretations throughout the organization. In most cases, this will require the assistance of outside industry and regulatory experts to make these interpretations and the case for the direction that the company chooses to go. Certainly the most simplistic solution to achieving compliance excellence is "to do the right things right!" But what does this really mean? I have distilled the "doing the right things right" solution into 7 separate individual keys or actions that will provide a solid foundation for the establishment of any compliance program. Key#2: Define your critical processes relative to the regulatory path that has been chosen. Many organizations do not adequately define their processes After choosing a regulatory path, complete and thorough process definitions that are foundational to the business must be developed and validated with linkage to the governing regulations. These process definitions are the first rung on the ladder, the "50,000 ft. view," the genesis of the operational and regulatory paradigms that will form the structure of how the business will be run in an efficient, effective, and compliant manner. Key#3: Develop sound regulatory documentation Documentation should not simply meet a regulatory requirement but be designed to effectively direct operations, be foundational to a comprehensive worker training approach, and serve as the basis for a sound continuous improvement process. Key#4: Harmonize your processes and procedures between plants Inconsistency between operations although not necessarily a problem are cause for concern when those inconsistencies are uncovered during an inspection or investigation. Best practices should be determined for "like" operations, equipment, processes, etc. and then implemented across all facilities and locations where those "like" operations exist. Key#5: Commit to and execute comprehensive technical training. Competence is the prerequisite to competition and compliance "Read and Understand" the most basic of approaches used to transfer "knowledge and skill" in the life sciences today simply does not work. If your goal is to just meet a regulatory requirement, this is as far as you need to go - buy an LMS, build the most basic of technical documentation, assign document readings, roll the regulatory inspection dice, and you are good to go. If your goal, on the other hand, is to create an organization that meets or exceeds your regulatory responsibilities, demonstrates operational excellence, develops and deploys superior competence, and truly demonstrates the attributes of a learning organization, you must invest in training infrastructure, organizationally support training, provide training a seat at the operations and regulatory tables and include the function in the decision-making and advisory processes, and consistently execute an effective training process for both new and existing human resources. Key#6: Institute a sound and effective complaint and investigations handling process : Looking at a history of 483 observations and warning letters will tell you that CAPA deficiencies uncovered during FDA investigations consistently rank in the top three of the reasons for triggering a 483 warning letter. It is essential that CAPA systems and processes be fully integrated with corporate strategies and policies and there be a commitment up and down the organizational structure to fully execute the process. Key#7: Manage performance up and down the line to the performance structure created. If it is not managed it will not be performed Junior level managers and supervisors and the workforce in-general for that matter, must never be given cause to think that circumventing or ignoring a process or a step to a procedure is acceptable behavior even if it impacts throughput, schedules, or the "bottom-line." The risks to patient and end-user health and safety are simply too great. Regulatory compliance must be sacrosanct and an enforceable component of the performance management system. That message must be sent and received throughout the organization. The intent of this approach is to demonstrate linkage between each level beginning with the regulatory requirements themselves through regulatory documentation, through the training process, ending ultimately with the management of individual human performance.....https://www.complyarena.com/articledetails/39

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