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W3C Strategic Highlights September 2019 This report was prepared for the September 2019 W3C Advisory Committee Meeting (W3C Member link). See the accompanying W3C Fact Sheet — September 2019. For the previous edition, see the April 2019 W3C Strategic Highlights. For future editions of this report, please consult the latest version. A Chinese translation is available. ☰ Contents Introduction Future Web Standards Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments Digital Publishing Media and Entertainment Web & Telecommunications Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) Web & Networks Automotive Web of Things Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML CSS Fonts SVG Audio Performance Web Performance WebAssembly Testing Browser Testing and Tools WebPlatform Tests Web of Data Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity Internationalization (i18n) Web Accessibility Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations W3C Training Translations W3C Liaisons Introduction This report highlights recent work of enhancement of the existing landscape of the Web platform and innovation for the growth and strength of the Web. 33 working groups and a dozen interest groups enable W3C to pursue its mission through the creation of Web standards, guidelines, and supporting materials. We track the tremendous work done across the Consortium through homogeneous work-spaces in Github which enables better monitoring and management. We are in the middle of a period where we are chartering numerous working groups which demonstrate the rapid degree of change for the Web platform: After 4 years, we are nearly ready to publish a Payment Request API Proposed Recommendation and we need to soon charter follow-on work. In the last year we chartered the Web Payment Security Interest Group. In the last year we chartered the Web Media Working Group with 7 specifications for next generation Media support on the Web. We have Accessibility Guidelines under W3C Member review which includes Silver, a new approach. We have just launched the Decentralized Identifier Working Group which has tremendous potential because Decentralized Identifier (DID) is an identifier that is globally unique, resolveable with high availability, and cryptographically verifiable. We have Privacy IG (PING) under W3C Member review which strengthens our focus on the tradeoff between privacy and function. We have a new CSS charter under W3C Member review which maps the group's work for the next three years. In this period, W3C and the WHATWG have succesfully completed the negotiation of a Memorandum of Understanding rooted in the mutual belief that that having two distinct specifications claiming to be normative is generally harmful for the Web community. The MOU, signed last May, describes how the two organizations are to collaborate on the development of a single authoritative version of the HTML and DOM specifications. W3C subsequently rechartered the HTML Working Group to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and for the production of W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. As the Web evolves continuously, some groups are looking for ways for specifications to do so as well. So-called "evergreen recommendations" or "living standards" aim to track continuous development (and maintenance) of features, on a feature-by-feature basis, while getting review and patent commitments. We see the maturation and further development of an incredible number of new technologies coming to the Web. Continued progress in many areas demonstrates the vitality of the W3C and the Web community, as the rest of the report illustrates. Future Web Standards W3C has a variety of mechanisms for listening to what the community thinks could become good future Web standards. These include discussions with the Membership, discussions with other standards bodies, the activities of thousands of participants in over 300 community groups, and W3C Workshops. There are lots of good ideas. The W3C strategy team has been identifying promising topics and invites public participation. Future, recent and under consideration Workshops include: Inclusive XR (5-6 November 2019, Seattle, WA, USA) to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive, including to people with disabilities; W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (12-13 September 2019, Palo Alto, CA, USA) W3C Workshop on Web Games (27-28 June 2019, Redmond, WA, USA), view report Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things (3-5 June 2019, Munich, Germany) W3C Workshop on Web Standardization for Graph Data; Creating Bridges: RDF, Property Graph and SQL (4-6 March 2019, Berlin, Germany), view report Web & Machine Learning. The Strategy Funnel documents the staff's exploration of potential new work at various phases: Exploration and Investigation, Incubation and Evaluation, and eventually to the chartering of a new standards group. The Funnel view is a GitHub Project where new area are issues represented by “cards” which move through the columns, usually from left to right. Most cards start in Exploration and move towards Chartering, or move out of the funnel. Public input is welcome at any stage but particularly once Incubation has begun. This helps W3C identify work that is sufficiently incubated to warrant standardization, to review the ecosystem around the work and indicate interest in participating in its standardization, and then to draft a charter that reflects an appropriate scope. Ongoing feedback can speed up the overall standardization process. Since the previous highlights document, W3C has chartered a number of groups, and started discussion on many more: Newly Chartered or Rechartered Web Application Security WG (03-Apr) Web Payment Security IG (17-Apr) Patent and Standards IG (24-Apr) Web Applications WG (14-May) Web & Networks IG (16-May) Media WG (23-May) Media and Entertainment IG (06-Jun) HTML WG (06-Jun) Decentralized Identifier WG (05-Sep) Extended Privacy IG (PING) (30-Sep) Verifiable Claims WG (30-Sep) Service Workers WG (31-Dec) Dataset Exchange WG (31-Dec) Web of Things Working Group (31-Dec) Web Audio Working Group (31-Dec) Proposed charters / Advance Notice Accessibility Guidelines WG Privacy IG (PING) RDF Literal Direction WG Timed Text WG CSS WG Web Authentication WG Closed Internationalization Tag Set IG Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments All Web Payments specifications W3C's payments standards enable a streamlined checkout experience, enabling a consistent user experience across the Web with lower front end development costs for merchants. Users can store and reuse information and more quickly and accurately complete online transactions. The Web Payments Working Group has republished Payment Request API as a Candidate Recommendation, aiming to publish a Proposed Recommendation in the Fall 2019, and is discussing use cases and features for Payment Request after publication of the 1.0 Recommendation. Browser vendors have been finalizing implementation of features added in the past year (view the implementation report). As work continues on the Payment Handler API and its implementation (currently in Chrome and Edge Canary), one focus in 2019 is to increase adoption in other browsers. Recently, Mastercard demonstrated the use of Payment Request API to carry out EMVCo's Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) protocol whose payment method definition is being developed with active participation by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. Payment method availability is a key factor in merchant considerations about adopting Payment Request API. The ability to get uniform adoption of a new payment method such as Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) also depends on the availability of the Payment Handler API in browsers, or of proprietary alternatives. Web Monetization, which the Web Payments Working Group will discuss again at its face-to-face meeting in September, can be used to enable micropayments as an alternative revenue stream to advertising. Since the beginning of 2019, Amazon, Brave Software, JCB, Certus Cybersecurity Solutions and Netflix have joined the Web Payments Working Group. In April, W3C launched the Web Payment Security Group to enable W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to collaborate on a vision for Web payment security and interoperability. Participants will define areas of collaboration and identify gaps between existing technical specifications in order to increase compatibility among different technologies, such as: How do SRC, FIDO, and Payment Request relate? The Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) regulations in Europe are scheduled to take effect in September 2019. What is the role of EMVCo, W3C, and FIDO technologies, and what is the current state of readiness for the deadline? How can we improve privacy on the Web at the same time as we meet industry requirements regarding user identity? Digital Publishing All Digital Publishing specifications, Publication milestones The Web is the universal publishing platform. Publishing is increasingly impacted by the Web, and the Web increasingly impacts Publishing. Topic of particular interest to Publishing@W3C include typography and layout, accessibility, usability, portability, distribution, archiving, offline access, print on demand, and reliable cross referencing. And the diverse publishing community represented in the groups consist of the traditional "trade" publishers, ebook reading system manufacturers, but also publishers of audio book, scholarly journals or educational materials, library scientists or browser developers. The Publishing Working Group currently concentrates on Audiobooks which lack a comprehensive standard, thus incurring extra costs and time to publish in this booming market. Active development is ongoing on the future standard: Publication Manifest Audiobook profile for Web Publications Lightweight Packaging Format The BD Comics Manga Community Group, the Synchronized Multimedia for Publications Community Group, the Publishing Community Group and a future group on archival, are companions to the working group where specific work is developed and incubated. The Publishing Community Group is a recently launched incubation channel for Publishing@W3C. The goal of the group is to propose, document, and prototype features broadly related to: publications on the Web reading modes and systems and the user experience of publications The EPUB 3 Community Group has successfully completed the revision of EPUB 3.2. The Publishing Business Group fosters ongoing participation by members of the publishing industry and the overall ecosystem in the development of Web infrastructure to better support the needs of the industry. The Business Group serves as an additional conduit to the Publishing Working Group and several Community Groups for feedback between the publishing ecosystem and W3C. The Publishing BG has played a vital role in fostering and advancing the adoption and continued development of EPUB 3. In particular the BG provided critical support to the update of EPUBCheck to validate EPUB content to the new EPUB 3.2 specification. This resulted in the development, in conjunction with the EPUB3 Community Group, of a new generation of EPUBCheck, i.e., EPUBCheck 4.2 production-ready release. Media and Entertainment All Media specifications The Media and Entertainment vertical tracks media-related topics and features that create immersive experiences for end users. HTML5 brought standard audio and video elements to the Web. Standardization activities since then have aimed at turning the Web into a professional platform fully suitable for the delivery of media content and associated materials, enabling missing features to stream video content on the Web such as adaptive streaming and content protection. Together with Microsoft, Comcast, Netflix and Google, W3C received an Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in April 2019 for standardization of a full TV experience on the Web. Current goals are to: Reinforce core media technologies: Creation of the Media Working Group, to develop media-related specifications incubated in the WICG (e.g. Media Capabilities, Picture-in-picture, Media Session) and maintain maintain/evolve Media Source Extensions (MSE) and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). Improve support for Media Timed Events: data cues incubation. Enhance color support (HDR, wide gamut), in scope of the CSS WG and in the Color on the Web CG. Reduce fragmentation: Continue annual releases of a common and testable baseline media devices, in scope of the Web Media APIs CG and in collaboration with the CTA WAVE Project. Maintain the Road-map of Media Technologies for the Web which highlights Web technologies that can be used to build media applications and services, as well as known gaps to enable additional use cases. Create the future: Discuss perspectives for Media and Entertainment for the Web. Bring the power of GPUs to the Web (graphics, machine learning, heavy processing), under incubation in the GPU for the Web CG. Transition to a Working Group is under discussion. Determine next steps after the successful W3C Workshop on Web Games of June 2019. View the report. Timed Text The Timed Text Working Group develops and maintains formats used for the representation of text synchronized with other timed media, like audio and video, and notably works on TTML, profiles of TTML, and WebVTT. Recent progress includes: A robust WebVTT implementation report poises the specification for publication as a proposed recommendation. Discussions around re-chartering, notably to add a TTML Profile for Audio Description deliverable to the scope of the group, and clarify that rendering of captions within XR content is also in scope. Immersive Web Hardware that enables Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications are now broadly available to consumers, offering an immersive computing platform with both new opportunities and challenges. The ability to interact directly with immersive hardware is critical to ensuring that the web is well equipped to operate as a first-class citizen in this environment. The Immersive Web Working Group has been stabilizing the WebXR Device API while the companion Immersive Web Community Group incubates the next series of features identified as key for the future of the Immersive Web. W3C plans a workshop focused on the needs and benefits at the intersection of VR & Accessibility (Inclusive XR), on 5-6 November 2019 in Seattle, WA, USA, to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive. Web & Telecommunications The Web is the Open Platform for Mobile. Telecommunication service providers and network equipment providers have long been critical actors in the deployment of Web technologies. As the Web platform matures, it brings richer and richer capabilities to extend existing services to new users and devices, and propose new and innovative services. Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) All Real-Time Communications specifications WebRTC has reshaped the whole communication landscape by making any connected device a potential communication end-point, bringing audio and video communications anywhere, on any network, vastly expanding the ability of operators to reach their customers. WebRTC serves as the corner-stone of many online communication and collaboration services. The WebRTC Working Group aims to bringing WebRTC 1.0 (and companion specification Media Capture and Streams) to Recommendation by the end of 2019. Intense efforts are focused on testing (supported by a dedicated hackathon at IETF 104) and interoperability. The group is considering pushing features that have not gotten enough traction to separate modules or to a later minor revision of the spec. Beyond WebRTC 1.0, the WebRTC Working Group will focus its efforts on WebRTC NV which the group has started documenting by identifying use cases. Web & Networks Recently launched, in the wake of the May 2018 Web5G workshop, the Web & Networks Interest Group is chaired by representatives from AT&T, China Mobile and Intel, with a goal to explore solutions for web applications to achieve better performance and resource allocation, both on the device and network. The group's first efforts are around use cases, privacy & security requirements and liaisons. Automotive All Automotive specifications To create a rich application ecosystem for vehicles and other devices allowed to connect to the vehicle, the W3C Automotive Working Group is delivering a service specification to expose all common vehicle signals (engine temperature, fuel/charge level, range, tire pressure, speed, etc.) The Vehicle Information Service Specification (VISS), which is a Candidate Recommendation, is seeing more implementations across the industry. It provides the access method to a common data model for all the vehicle signals –presently encapsulating a thousand or so different data elements– and will be growing to accommodate the advances in automotive such as autonomous and driver assist technologies and electrification. The group is already working on a successor to VISS, leveraging the underlying data model and the VIWI submission from Volkswagen, for a more robust means of accessing vehicle signals information and the same paradigm for other automotive needs including location-based services, media, notifications and caching content. The Automotive and Web Platform Business Group acts as an incubator for prospective standards work. One of its task forces is using W3C VISS in performing data sampling and off-boarding the information to the cloud. Access to the wealth of information that W3C's auto signals standard exposes is of interest to regulators, urban planners, insurance companies, auto manufacturers, fleet managers and owners, service providers and others. In addition to components needed for data sampling and edge computing, capturing user and owner consent, information collection methods and handling of data are in scope. The upcoming W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (September 2019) is expected to focus on the need of additional ontologies around transportation space. Web of Things All Web of Things specifications W3C's Web of Things work is designed to bridge disparate technology stacks to allow devices to work together and achieve scale, thus enabling the potential of the Internet of Things by eliminating fragmentation and fostering interoperability. Thing descriptions expressed in JSON-LD cover the behavior, interaction affordances, data schema, security configuration, and protocol bindings. The Web of Things complements existing IoT ecosystems to reduce the cost and risk for suppliers and consumers of applications that create value by combining multiple devices and information services. There are many sectors that will benefit, e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart industry, smart agriculture, smart healthcare and many more. The Web of Things Working Group is finishing the initial Web of Things standards, with support from the Web of Things Interest Group: Web of Things Architecture Thing Descriptions Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML The HTML Working Group was chartered early June to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and to produce W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. A few days before, W3C and the WHATWG signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the agreement to collaborate on the development of a single version of the HTML and DOM specifications. Issues and proposed solutions for HTML and DOM done via the newly rechartered HTML Working Group in the WHATWG repositories The HTML Working Group is targetting November 2019 to bring HTML and DOM to Candidate Recommendations. CSS All CSS specifications CSS is a critical part of the Open Web Platform. The CSS Working Group gathers requirements from two large groups of CSS users: the publishing industry and application developers. Within W3C, those groups are exemplified by the Publishing groups and the Web Platform Working Group. The former requires things like better pagination support and advanced font handling, the latter needs intelligent (and fast!) scrolling and animations. What we know as CSS is actually a collection of almost a hundred specifications, referred to as ‘modules’. The current state of CSS is defined by a snapshot, updated once a year. The group also publishes an index defining every term defined by CSS specifications. Fonts All Fonts specifications The Web Fonts Working Group develops specifications that allow the interoperable deployment of downloadable fonts on the Web, with a focus on Progressive Font Enrichment as well as maintenance of WOFF Recommendations. Recent and ongoing work includes: Early API experiments by Adobe and Monotype have demonstrated the feasibility of a font enrichment API, where a server delivers a font with minimal glyph repertoire and the client can query the full repertoire and request additional subsets on-the-fly. In other experiments, the Brotli compression used in WOFF 2 was extended to support shared dictionaries and patch update. Metrics to quantify improvement are a current hot discussion topic. The group will meet at ATypi 2019 in Japan, to gather requirements from the international typography community. The group will first produce a report summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each prototype solution by Q2 2020. SVG All SVG specifications SVG is an important and widely-used part of the Open Web Platform. The SVG Working Group focuses on aligning the SVG 2.0 specification with browser implementations, having split the specification into a currently-implemented 2.0 and a forward-looking 2.1. Current activity is on stabilization, increased integration with the Open Web Platform, and test coverage analysis. The Working Group was rechartered in March 2019. A new work item concerns native (non-Web-browser) uses of SVG as a non-interactive, vector graphics format. Audio The Web Audio Working Group was extended to finish its work on the Web Audio API, expecting to publish it as a Recommendation by year end. The specification enables synthesizing audio in the browser. Audio operations are performed with audio nodes, which are linked together to form a modular audio routing graph. Multiple sources — with different types of channel layout — are supported. This modular design provides the flexibility to create complex audio functions with dynamic effects. The first version of Web Audio API is now feature complete and is implemented in all modern browsers. Work has started on the next version, and new features are being incubated in the Audio Community Group. Performance Web Performance All Web Performance specifications There are currently 18 specifications in development in the Web Performance Working Group aiming to provide methods to observe and improve aspects of application performance of user agent features and APIs. The W3C team is looking at related work incubated in the W3C GPU for the Web (WebGPU) Community Group which is poised to transition to a W3C Working Group. A preliminary draft charter is available. WebAssembly All WebAssembly specifications WebAssembly improves Web performance and power by being a virtual machine and execution environment enabling loaded pages to run native (compiled) code. It is deployed in Firefox, Edge, Safari and Chrome. The specification will soon reach Candidate Recommendation. WebAssembly enables near-native performance, optimized load time, and perhaps most importantly, a compilation target for existing code bases. While it has a small number of native types, much of the performance increase relative to Javascript derives from its use of consistent typing. WebAssembly leverages decades of optimization for compiled languages and the byte code is optimized for compactness and streaming (the web page starts executing while the rest of the code downloads). Network and API access all occurs through accompanying Javascript libraries -- the security model is identical to that of Javascript. Requirements gathering and language development occur in the Community Group while the Working Group manages test development, community review and progression of specifications on the Recommendation Track. Testing Browser testing plays a critical role in the growth of the Web by: Improving the reliability of Web technology definitions; Improving the quality of implementations of these technologies by helping vendors to detect bugs in their products; Improving the data available to Web developers on known bugs and deficiencies of Web technologies by publishing results of these tests. Browser Testing and Tools The Browser Testing and Tools Working Group is developing WebDriver version 2, having published last year the W3C Recommendation of WebDriver. WebDriver acts as a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents, provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of Web, and emulates the actions of a real person using the browser. WebPlatform Tests The WebPlatform Tests project now provides a mechanism which allows to fully automate tests that previously needed to be run manually: TestDriver. TestDriver enables sending trusted key and mouse events, sending complex series of trusted pointer and key interactions for things like in-content drag-and-drop or pinch zoom, and even file upload. Since 2014 W3C began work on this coordinated open-source effort to build a cross-browser test suite for the Web Platform, which WHATWG, and all major browsers adopted. Web of Data All Data specifications There have been several great success stories around the standardization of data on the web over the past year. Verifiable Claims seems to have significant uptake. It is also significant that the Distributed Identifier WG charter has received numerous favorable reviews, and was just recently launched. JSON-LD has been a major success with the large deployment on Web sites via schema.org. JSON-LD 1.1 completed technical work, about to transition to CR More than 25% of websites today include schema.org data in JSON-LD The Web of Things description is in CR since May, making use of JSON-LD Verifiable Credentials data model is in CR since July, also making use of JSON-LD Continued strong interest in decentralized identifiers Engagement from the TAG with reframing core documents, such as Ethical Web Principles, to include data on the web within their scope Data is increasingly important for all organizations, especially with the rise of IoT and Big Data. W3C has a mature and extensive suite of standards relating to data that were developed over two decades of experience, with plans for further work on making it easier for developers to work with graph data and knowledge graphs. Linked Data is about the use of URIs as names for things, the ability to dereference these URIs to get further information and to include links to other data. There are ever-increasing sources of open Linked Data on the Web, as well as data services that are restricted to the suppliers and consumers of those services. The digital transformation of industry is seeking to exploit advanced digital technologies. This will facilitate businesses to integrate horizontally along the supply and value chains, and vertically from the factory floor to the office floor. W3C is seeking to make it easier to support enterprise-wide data management and governance, reflecting the strategic importance of data to modern businesses. Traditional approaches to data have focused on tabular databases (SQL/RDBMS), Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, and data embedded in PDF documents and spreadsheets. We're now in midst of a major shift to graph data with nodes and labeled directed links between them. Graph data is: Faster than using SQL and associated JOIN operations More favorable to integrating data from heterogeneous sources Better suited to situations where the data model is evolving In the wake of the recent W3C Workshop on Graph Data we are in the process of launching a Graph Standardization Business Group to provide a business perspective with use cases and requirements, to coordinate technical standards work and liaisons with external organizations. Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity All Security specifications, all Privacy specifications Authentication on the Web As the WebAuthn Level 1 W3C Recommendation published last March is seeing wide implementation and adoption of strong cryptographic authentication, work is proceeding on Level 2. The open standard Web API gives native authentication technology built into native platforms, browsers, operating systems (including mobile) and hardware, offering protection against hacking, credential theft, phishing attacks, thus aiming to end the era of passwords as a security construct. You may read more in our March press release. Privacy An increasing number of W3C specifications are benefitting from Privacy and Security review; there are security and privacy aspects to every specification. Early review is essential. Working with the TAG, the Privacy Interest Group has updated the Self-Review Questionnaire: Security and Privacy. Other recent work of the group includes public blogging further to the exploration of anti-patterns in standards and permission prompts. Security The Web Application Security Working Group adopted Feature Policy, aiming to allow developers to selectively enable, disable, or modify the behavior of some of these browser features and APIs within their application; and Fetch Metadata, aiming to provide servers with enough information to make a priori decisions about whether or not to service a request based on the way it was made, and the context in which it will be used. The Web Payment Security Interest Group, launched last April, convenes members from W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to discuss cooperative work to enhance the security and interoperability of Web payments (read more about payments). Internationalization (i18n) All Internationalization specifications, educational articles related to Internationalization, spec developers checklist Only a quarter or so current Web users use English online and that proportion will continue to decrease as the Web reaches more and more communities of limited English proficiency. If the Web is to live up to the "World Wide" portion of its name, and for the Web to truly work for stakeholders all around the world engaging with content in various languages, it must support the needs of worldwide users as they engage with content in the various languages. The growth of epublishing also brings requirements for new features and improved typography on the Web. It is important to ensure the needs of local communities are captured. The W3C Internationalization Initiative was set up to increase in-house resources dedicated to accelerating progress in making the World Wide Web "worldwide" by gathering user requirements, supporting developers, and education & outreach. For an overview of current projects see the i18n radar. W3C's Internationalization efforts progressed on a number of fronts recently: Requirements: New African and European language groups will work on the gap analysis, errata and layout requirements. Gap analysis: Japanese, Devanagari, Bengali, Tamil, Lao, Khmer, Javanese, and Ethiopic updated in the gap-analysis documents. Layout requirements document: notable progress tracked in the Southeast Asian Task Force while work continues on Chinese layout requirements. Developer support: Spec reviews: the i18n WG continues active review of specifications of the WHATWG and other W3C Working Groups. Short review checklist: easy way to begin a self-review to help spec developers understand what aspects of their spec are likely to need attention for internationalization, and points them to more detailed checklists for the relevant topics. It also helps those reviewing specs for i18n issues. Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata lays out issues and discusses potential solutions for passing information about language and direction with strings in JSON or other data formats. The document was rewritten for clarity, and expanded. The group is collaborating with the JSON-LD and Web Publishing groups to develop a plan for updating RDF, JSON-LD and related specifications to handle metadata for base direction of text (bidi). User-friendly test format: a new format was developed for Internationalization Test Suite tests, which displays helpful information about how the test works. This particularly useful because those tests are pointed to by educational materials and gap-analysis documents. Web Platform Tests: a large number of tests in the i18n test suite have been ported to the WPT repository, including: css-counter-styles, css-ruby, css-syntax, css-test, css-text-decor, css-writing-modes, and css-pseudo. Education & outreach: (for all educational materials, see the HTML & CSS Authoring Techniques) Web Accessibility All Accessibility specifications, WAI resources The Web Accessibility Initiative supports W3C's Web for All mission. Recent achievements include: Education and training: Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA updated to bring our analysis and recommendations up to date with CAPTCHA practice today, concluding two years of extensive work and invaluable input from the public (read more on the W3C Blog Learn why your web content and applications should be accessible. The Education and Outreach Working Group has completed revision and updating of the Business Case for Digital Accessibility. Accessibility guidelines: The Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has continued to update WCAG Techniques and Understanding WCAG 2.1; and published a Candidate Recommendation of Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules Format 1.0 to improve inter-rater reliability when evaluating conformance of web content to WCAG An updated charter is being developed to host work on "Silver", the next generation accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.2) There are accessibility aspects to most specifications. Check your work with the FAST checklist. Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations To foster the excellent feedback loop between Web Standards development and Web developers, and to grow participation from that diverse community, recent W3C Developer Relations activities include: @w3cdevs tracks the enormous amount of work happening across W3C W3C Track during the Web Conference 2019 in San Francisco Tech videos: W3C published the 2019 Web Games Workshop videos The 16 September 2019 Developer Meetup in Fukuoka, Japan, is open to all and will combine a set of technical demos prepared by W3C groups, and a series of talks on a selected set of W3C technologies and projects W3C is involved with Mozilla, Google, Samsung, Microsoft and Bocoup in the organization of ViewSource 2019 in Amsterdam (read more on the W3C Blog) W3C Training In partnership with EdX, W3C's MOOC training program, W3Cx offers a complete "Front-End Web Developer" (FEWD) professional certificate program that consists of a suite of five courses on the foundational languages that power the Web: HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. We count nearly 900K students from all over the world. Translations Many Web users rely on translations of documents developed at W3C whose official language is English. W3C is extremely grateful to the continuous efforts of its community in ensuring our various deliverables in general, and in our specifications in particular, are made available in other languages, for free, ensuring their exposure to a much more diverse set of readers. Last Spring we developed a more robust system, a new listing of translations of W3C specifications and updated the instructions on how to contribute to our translation efforts. W3C Liaisons Liaisons and coordination with numerous organizations and Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) is crucial for W3C to: make sure standards are interoperable coordinate our respective agenda in Internet governance: W3C participates in ICANN, GIPO, IGF, the I* organizations (ICANN, IETF, ISOC, IAB). ensure at the government liaison level that our standards work is officially recognized when important to our membership so that products based on them (often done by our members) are part of procurement orders. W3C has ARO/PAS status with ISO. W3C participates in the EU MSP and Rolling Plan on Standardization ensure the global set of Web and Internet standards form a compatible stack of technologies, at the technical and policy level (patent regime, fragmentation, use in policy making) promote Standards adoption equally by the industry, the public sector, and the public at large Coralie Mercier, Editor, W3C Marketing & Communications $Id: Overview.html,v 1.60 2019/10/15 12:05:52 coralie Exp $ Copyright © 2019 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang) Usage policies apply.

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The blurbs at the base of this article incorporate each business antivirus that earned 3.5 stars or better. www.mcafee.com/activate offer insurance past the antivirus incorporated with Windows 10; the best free antivirus utilities additionally offer more. In any case, Microsoft Windows Defender Security Center is looking somewhat better recently, with some awesome scores from free testing labs. In our grasp on tests, it demonstrated a checked improvement since our past audit, enough to at long last bring it up to three stars. Tune in to the Labs We take the outcomes announced by free antivirus testing labs in all respects truly. The basic reality that a specific merchant's item appears in the outcomes is a demonstration of positive support, of sorts. It implies the lab considered the item huge, and the merchant felt the expense of testing was advantageous. Obviously, getting great scores in the tests is additionally significant. We pursue four labs that normally discharge nitty gritty reports: SE Labs, AV-Test Institute, MRG-Effitas, and AV-Comparatives. We likewise note whether sellers have contracted with ICSA Labs and West Coast labs for affirmation. We Test Malware, Spyware, and Adware Defenses We additionally subject each item to our very own hands-on trial of malware assurance, to a limited extent to get an inclination for how the item functions. Contingent upon how altogether the item averts malware establishment, it can acquire up to 10 for malware assurance. Our malware assurance test fundamentally utilizes a similar arrangement of tests for quite a long time. To check an item's treatment of fresh out of the box new malware, we test every item utilizing 100 amazingly new malware-facilitating URLs provided by MRG-Effitas, taking note of what level of them it blocked. Items get equivalent kudos for anticipating all entrance to the vindictive URL and for clearing out the malware during download. A few items win completely outstanding evaluations from the autonomous labs, yet don't toll too in our grasp on tests. In such cases, we concede to the labs, as they carry altogether more prominent assets to their testing. Need to know more? You can dive in for a point by point portrayal of how we test security programming. Multilayered Malware Protection Antivirus items separate themselves by going past the fundamentals of on-request examining and ongoing malware insurance. Some rate URLs that you visit or that appear in indexed lists, utilizing a red-yellow-green shading coding framework. Some effectively square procedures on your framework from associating with known malware-facilitating URLs or with false (phishing) pages. Programming has imperfections, and here and there those blemishes influence your mcafee security. Judicious clients keep Windows and all projects fixed, fixing those imperfections at the earliest opportunity. The defenselessness output offered by some antivirus items can check that every vital patches are available, and even apply any that are absent. Spyware comes in numerous structures, from concealed projects that log your each keystroke to Trojans that take on the appearance of legitimate projects while mining your own information. Any antivirus should deal with spyware, alongside every other sort of malware, yet some incorporate specific segments gave to spyware insurance. You expect an antivirus to recognize and dispose of terrible projects, and to disregard great projects. Shouldn't something be said about questions, programs it can't distinguish as positive or negative? Conduct based discovery can, in principle, secure you against malware that is so new scientists have never experienced it. In any case, this isn't generally an unmixed gift. It's normal for social discovery frameworks to hail numerous harmless practices performed by genuine projects. Whitelisting is another way to deal with the issue of obscure projects. A whitelist-based security framework just permits realized great projects to run. Questions are prohibited. This mode sometimes falls short for all circumstances, however it very well may be helpful. Sandboxing gives obscure projects a chance to run, however it segregates them from full access to your framework, so they can't do lasting damage. These different added layers serve to upgrade your assurance against malware. What's the Best Malware Protection? mcafee.com/activate antivirus would it be advisable for you to pick? You have an abundance of choices. Kaspersky Anti-Virus and Bitdefender Antivirus Plus routinely take impeccable or close ideal scores from the autonomous antivirus testing labs. A solitary membership for AntiVirus Plus gives you a chance to introduce security on the majority of your Windows, Android, Mac OS, and iOS gadgets. What's more, its unordinary conduct based recognition innovation implies Webroot SecureAnywhere Antivirus is the most diminutive antivirus around. We've named these four Editors' Choice for business antivirus, however they're by all account not the only items worth thought. Peruse the surveys of our top of the line items, and afterward settle on your own choice. Note that we have assessed a lot more antivirus utilities than we could incorporate into the diagram of top items. On the off chance that your preferred programming isn't recorded there, odds are we reviewed it. The blurbs beneath incorporate each item that oversaw 3.5 stars or better. Every one of the utilities recorded in this component are Windows antivirus applications. In case you're a macOS client, don't lose hope, be that as it may; PCMag has a different gathering devoted exclusively to the best Mac antivirus programming.

Open Graph Image Generation service for FAIR Data Innovations Hub applications

The innovation and entrepreneurship program - The automatic construction of a legal knowledge graph and the compliance review of judicial documents.

India GDP Analysis Problem Description - I NITI Aayog: Background NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is a policy think tank of the Government of India; it provides strategic inputs to the central and the state governments to achieve various development goals. In the past, NITI Aayog has played an important role in initiatives such as Digital India, Atal Innovation Mission and various agricultural reforms and have designed various policies in education, skill development, water management, healthcare, etc. NITI Aayog was established to replace the Planning Commission of India, which used to follow a top-down model for policy making, i.e., it typically designed policies at the central level (such as the 5-year plans). On the other hand, NITI Aayog designs policies specific to the different states or segments of the economy. Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley, made the following observation on the necessity of creating NITI Aayog, "The 65-year-old Planning Commission had become a redundant organisation. It was relevant in a command economy structure, but not any longer. India is a diversified country and its states are in various phases of economic development along with their own strengths and weaknesses. In this context, a ‘one size fits all’ approach to economic planning is obsolete...". Project Brief We are working as the chief data scientist at NITI Aayog, reporting to the CEO. The CEO has initiated a project wherein the NITI Aayog will provide top-level recommendations to the Chief Ministers (CMs) of various states, which will help them prioritise areas of development for their respective states. Since different states are in different phases of development, the recommendations should be specific to the states. The overall goal of this project is to help the CMs focus on areas that will foster economic development for their respective states. Since the most common measure of economic development is the GDP, we will analyse the GDP of the various states of India and suggest ways to improve it. Understanding GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices is the GDP at the market value of goods and services produced in a country during a year. In other words, GDP measures the 'monetary value of final goods and services produced by a country/state in a given period of time'. GDP can be broadly divided into goods and services produced by three sectors: the primary sector (agriculture), the secondary sector (industry), and the tertiary sector (services). It is also known as nominal GDP. More technically, (real) GDP takes into account the price change that may have occurred due to inflation. This means that the real GDP is nominal GDP adjusted for inflation. We will use the nominal GDP for this exercise. Also, we will consider the financial year 2015-16 as the base year, as most of the data required for this exercise is available for the aforementioned period. Per Capita GDP and Income Total GDP divided by the population gives the per capita GDP, which roughly measures the average value of goods and services produced per person. The per capita income is closely related to the per capita GDP (though they are not the same). In general, the per capita income increases when the per capita GDP increases, and vice-versa. For instance, in the financial year 2015-16, the per capita income of India was ₹93,293, whereas the per capita GDP of India was $1717, which roughly amounts to ₹1,11,605. Problem Description - II Data The data is sourced from https://data.gov.in/, an Open Government Data (OGD) platform of India. The download instructions are provided in the next segment. The data for GDP analysis of the Indian states is divided into two parts: Data I-A: This dataset consists of the GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) data for the states and union territories. Data I-B: This dataset contains the distribution of GSDP among three sectors: the primary sector (agriculture), the secondary sector (industry) and the tertiary sector (services) along with taxes and subsidies. There is separate dataset for each of the states. We are expected to read the dataset for the available states and join these (in Python) if needed. There are two parts to this project. In the first part, we will analyse and compare the GDPs of various Indian states (both total and per capita). The GDP of a state is referred to as the GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product). Then, we will divide the states into four categories based on the GDP per capita, and for each of these four categories, we will analyse the sectors that contribute the most to the GDP (such as agriculture, real estate, manufacturing, etc.). In the second part, we will analyse whether GDP per capita is related to dropout rates in schools and colleges. Part-I: GDP Analysis of the Indian States For each of the following steps of analysis, choose an appropriate type of plot for comparing the data. Also, ensure that the plots are in increasing or decreasing order for better comparison. For example, if we make a bar plot to compare the GDPs of the states, ensure that the bars are in either increasing or decreasing order of GDP. Part I-A: For the analysis below, use the Data I-A. First, we need to load the data in Python properly and then clean it. This also involves the treatment of missing values, we can choose to drop the row or column as well. Remember this will affect our next analysis and results drastically. Plot a graph for rows " % Growth over previous year" for all the states (not union territories) whose data is available, use as much data as possible for this exercise. Use the best fit line to represent the growth for each state. Draw a similar line graph for the nation as well. How will we compare the growth rates of any two states? Which states have been growing consistently fast, and which ones have been struggling? Rank top 3 fastest and 3 slowest-growing states. What is the Nation's growth rate? What has been the growth rate of my home state, and how does it compare to the national growth rate? Plot the total GDP of the states for the year 2015-16: Which Plot will we use for this? Why? (Remeber to plot the graph in a way such as it is easier to read and compare) Identify the top 5 and the bottom 5 states based on total GDP. What insights can we draw from this graph? What states are performing poorly? (Remember: this will not be solely based on total GDP) Part I-B: For the analysis below, use Data I-B. We can also use Data I-B along with Data I-A if required. Also, perform the analysis only for the duration 2014-15. Filter out the union territories (Delhi, Chandigarh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, etc.) for further analysis, as they are governed directly by the central, not state governments. Plot the GDP per capita for all the states. Identify the top 5 and the bottom 5 states based on the GDP per capita. Find the ratio of the highest per capita GDP to the lowest per capita GDP. Plot the percentage contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors as a percentage of the total GDP for all the states. Which plot will we use here? Why? Why is (Primary + Secondary + Tertiary) not equal to total GDP? Can we draw any insight from this? Find correlation of percentile of the state (% of states with lower per capita GDP) and %contribution of Primary sector to total GDP. Categorise the states into four groups based on the GDP per capita (C1, C2, C3, C4, where C1 would have the highest per capita GDP and C4, the lowest). The quantile values are (0.20,0.5, 0.85, 1), i.e., the states lying between the 85th and the 100th percentile are in C1; those between the 50th and the 85th percentiles are in C2, and so on. Note: Categorisation into four groups will simplify the subsequent analysis, as otherwise, comparing the data of all the states would become quite exhaustive. For each category (C1, C2, C3, C4): Find the top 3/4/5 sub-sectors (such as agriculture, forestry and fishing, crops, manufacturing etc., not primary, secondary and tertiary) that contribute to approximately 80% of the GSDP of each category. Note-I: The nomenclature for this project is as follows: primary, secondary and tertiary are named 'sectors', while agriculture, manufacturing etc. are named 'sub-sectors'. Note-II: If the top 3 sub-sectors contribute to, say, 79% of the GDP of some category, we can report "These top 3 sub-sectors contribute to approximately 80% of the GDP". This is to simplify the analysis and make the results consumable. (Remember, the CEO has to present the report to the CMs, and CMs have limited time; so, the analysis needs to be sharp and concise.) Plot the contribution of the sub-sectors as a percentage of the GSDP of each category. Now that we have summarised the data in the form of plots, tables, etc., try to draw non-obvious insights from it. Think about questions such as: How does the GDP distribution of the top states (C1) differ from the others? Which sub-sectors seem to be correlated with high GDP? Which sub-sectors do the various categories need to focus on? Ask other such relevant questions, which we think are important, and note we insights for category separately. More insights are welcome and will be awarded accordingly. Finally, provide at least two recommendations for each category to improve the per capita GDP. Part-II: GDP and Education Dropout Rates In Part-I, we would have noticed that (one) way to increase per capita GDP is by shifting the distribution of GDP towards the secondary and tertiary sectors, i.e., the manufacturing and services industries. But these industries can thrive only when there is an availability of educated and skilled labour. In this part of the analysis, we will investigate whether there is any relationship between per capita GDP with dropout rates in education. Data Data II: This section will require the dropout rate dataset apart from the dataset that we used in Part-1 of the case study. Download instructions are provided in the next segment. Part-II: GDP and Education Analyse if there is any correlation of GDP per capita with dropout rates in education (primary, upper primary and secondary) for the year 2014-2015 for each state. Choose an appropriate plot to conduct this analysis. Is there any correlation between dropout rate and %contribution of each sector (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) to the total GDP? We have the total population of each state from the data in part I. Is there any correlation between dropout rates and population? What is the expected trend and what is the observation? Write down the key insights we draw from this data: Form at least one reasonable hypothesis for the observations from the data About GDP analysis for India in the year for 2015-16 and recommendation for the individual states for increasing the GDP by focusing on various factor. Topics python statistical-analysis data-analysis gdp-analysis Resources Readme Stars 0 stars Watchers 1 watching Forks 0 forks Releases No releases published Packages No packages published Languages Jupyter Notebook 100.0% Footer © 2022 GitHub, Inc. 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1st Place winner of the DIGITIMES AI Innovation Hackathon, BitoPro Track. An AWS-powered AML risk detection and investigation platform combining graph intelligence, Focal LightGBM, and explainable AI.

No description available

This project curates a data set describing information about the UK innovation ecosystem which is then published in a knowledge graph UI

Graph visualisation for UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) funding, a demo is hosted on Streamlit Community Cloud. Including NetworkX, PyVis and LlamaIndex graph retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).

Advanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Contract Review Demo—adapting Neo4j GraphRAG for the Microsoft Agent Framework, Azure AI Foundry, and Neo4j. Integrates semantic search, knowledge graph enrichment, and agentic workflows for enterprise-scale intelligent Q&A using the latest Azure and Neo4j innovations.

Knowledge-guided-Pre-training-of-Graph-Transformer: The primary aim of this project is to leverage knowledge-guided pre-training techniques for enhancing the performance of graph transformers in molecular property prediction and drug discovery.

An ongoing review of machine learning innovations in modeling complex physical phenomena. Focuses on deep learning for rigid-body dynamics, graph network-based simulators, and fluid simulation refinements. Includes research papers and presentations for exploring ML's role in scientific computing.

Hi 👋 My name is Jahmal Camp ============================ Rust Developer 🦀 | Web Developer 🌎 | Solana Developer 💱 ---------------------------------------------------------- I'm a United States Air Force Veteran. I'm medically retired and I worked Aircraft Structural Maintenance. Since being medically separated was on the horizon, I've spent my time pursuing my interest in software development. I instantly gravitated towards the Rust programming language instantly. The innovations, community and potential Rust has on the programming world and Web 3.0 made me jump into learning. Since starting, I've learned how to work towards programming goals, self-taught regiments, and productivity on my own. Joining Web Development, Software Development, and Web 3.0 communities reminds me of very much of great teamwork and opportunities you get share with those who believe and pursue similar goals as you do. In my military career, I grew within my peers from being a worker up to being a Supervisor over other peers and handling my own section for my leadership. I streamlined processes and engaged in operations with my colleagues. Being a Supervisor for 4 years has been an amazing experience. I learned most from being taking lead and being a student of those on my team. Since starting Software Development, I've engaged mainly with the Rust programming language. I've touched Rocket and Yew Frameworks for Rust. WebAssembly is interesting for me so I also engaged in Web Development skills like HTML5, CSS (Tailwind CSS), JavaScript, React.js, and Next.js. To learn these skills and be productive in them, I'm proficient in Git, GitHub, and Visual Studio Code as an IDE. I've developed project management processes inside of Notion's management systems. * 🌍  I'm based in Atlanta, GA * ✉️  You can contact me at [j.senju1919@gmail.com](mailto:j.senju1919@gmail.com) * 🧠  I'm learning Rust VST Development, WASM w/ Rust, Solona Blockchain Development * 🤝  I'm open to collaborating on Rust Projects and Solana Blockchain Projects <a href="https://www.twitter.com/SenjuSama2012" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/SenjuSama2012?logo=twitter&style=for-the-badge&color=facc15&labelColor=27272a" /></a><a href="https://www.twitch.tv/senujusama2012" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitch/status/senujusama2012?logo=twitchsx&style=for-the-badge&color=facc15&labelColor=27272a&label=TWITCH+STATUS" /></a> ### Skills <p align="left"> <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img 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src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielcranney/readme-generator/main/public/icons/skills/redux-colored.svg" width="36" height="36" alt="Redux" /></a> <a href="https://nodejs.org/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielcranney/readme-generator/main/public/icons/skills/nodejs-colored.svg" width="36" height="36" alt="NodeJS" /></a> <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielcranney/readme-generator/main/public/icons/skills/postgresql-colored.svg" width="36" height="36" alt="PostgreSQL" /></a> <a href="https://firebase.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielcranney/readme-generator/main/public/icons/skills/firebase-colored.svg" width="36" height="36" alt="Firebase" /></a> <a href="https://solana.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><img 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No description available

No description available

Open graph image generating service for FAIR Data Innovations Hub applications

Enrich local data via the OpenAIRE Graph. Part of the Open Innovation Projects https://www.openaire.eu/open-innovation-in-openaire

G-Bench: Fair Benchmarking to Support Innovations in Streaming Graph Systems (GrAPL'23)

Purpose: Graph visualization thinking tool, exploring relationships, detecting biases, deepening understanding, and aiding innovation.

Official implementation files for the ICT Innovations 2025 submission "COINs: Knowledge Graph Inference with Model-based Acceleration"

Website for CSAMS data: Charts using PHP Google Graphs | Last solo-jam 48h | IMT2581 - Rapid Prototyping and Innovation

Cross-domain innovation discovery via GraphRAG — 1.5M entity knowledge graph, LLM synthesis & MLOps pipeline. Neo4j · Qdrant · FastAPI · Next.js · DVC · MLflow

A real-time, graph-based management platform built on SpringBoot and Neo4j. Deployable as a single JAR, it provides lightning-fast CRUD operations with dynamically configurable interfaces. Its core innovation is a single, reusable CRUD codebase capable of handling any data model and arbitrary node relationships within the graph database.

# SCRIPT TO FIND ALL SUBSIDIARIES, AS LISTED IN GOOGLE, OF ANY GIVEN COMPANY; AND THEN CREATE A REPORT BASED ON A QUERY OF THESE COMPANIES IN SCOUT, MAPEGYs INNOVATION GRAPH INTERFACE # https://www.mapegy.com/en/

IAG-Transformer is a graph Transformer architecture specifically designed for part machining feature recognition. Its core innovation lies in introducing instance-aware attention bias into the self-attention mechanism, enabling the model to explicitly model the semantic relationships between faces within the same machining feature instance.

ResearchWeb is an AI-native, real-time collaborative research OS that unifies electronic lab notebooks, Git-integrated experiment tracking, knowledge graphs, and semantic search to deliver end-to-end reproducible workflows, cross-lab synergy, and data-driven insights for next-gen, cloud-first, scalable, interoperable scientific innovation

Solana is famously based on 8 core innovations, from Proof of History (its consensus algorithm) to Sealevel (its smart contract execution environment). Can you explain what Solana does and how it does it to an audience of tech savvy but non developers? We're looking for the right metaphors and analogies that help get learners to that aha moment, the right tone that doesn't feel technical and jargony but instead strives at bridging a gap in knowledge with perspective and empathy. Look at [this thread](https://twitter.com/sprngtheory/status/1425137466789486592?s=20) we published on The Graph as an inspiration for the tone. Bonus point for visual illustrations/animations!

innovation knowledge graph