Introduction Note: This edition of the book is the same as The Rust Programming Language available in print and ebook format from No Starch Press. Welcome to The Rust Programming Language, an introductory book about Rust. The Rust programming language helps you write faster, more reliable software. High-level ergonomics and low-level control are often at odds in programming language design; Rust challenges that conflict. Through balancing powerful technical capacity and a great developer experience, Rust gives you the option to control low-level details (such as memory usage) without all the hassle traditionally associated with such control. Who Rust Is For Rust is ideal for many people for a variety of reasons. Let’s look at a few of the most important groups. Teams of Developers Rust is proving to be a productive tool for collaborating among large teams of developers with varying levels of systems programming knowledge. Low-level code is prone to a variety of subtle bugs, which in most other languages can be caught only through extensive testing and careful code review by experienced developers. In Rust, the compiler plays a gatekeeper role by refusing to compile code with these elusive bugs, including concurrency bugs. By working alongside the compiler, the team can spend their time focusing on the program’s logic rather than chasing down bugs. Rust also brings contemporary developer tools to the systems programming world: Cargo, the included dependency manager and build tool, makes adding, compiling, and managing dependencies painless and consistent across the Rust ecosystem. Rustfmt ensures a consistent coding style across developers. The Rust Language Server powers Integrated Development Environment (IDE) integration for code completion and inline error messages. By using these and other tools in the Rust ecosystem, developers can be productive while writing systems-level code. Students Rust is for students and those who are interested in learning about systems concepts. Using Rust, many people have learned about topics like operating systems development. The community is very welcoming and happy to answer student questions. Through efforts such as this book, the Rust teams want to make systems concepts more accessible to more people, especially those new to programming. Companies Hundreds of companies, large and small, use Rust in production for a variety of tasks. Those tasks include command line tools, web services, DevOps tooling, embedded devices, audio and video analysis and transcoding, cryptocurrencies, bioinformatics, search engines, Internet of Things applications, machine learning, and even major parts of the Firefox web browser. Open Source Developers Rust is for people who want to build the Rust programming language, community, developer tools, and libraries. We’d love to have you contribute to the Rust language. People Who Value Speed and Stability Rust is for people who crave speed and stability in a language. By speed, we mean the speed of the programs that you can create with Rust and the speed at which Rust lets you write them. The Rust compiler’s checks ensure stability through feature additions and refactoring. This is in contrast to the brittle legacy code in languages without these checks, which developers are often afraid to modify. By striving for zero-cost abstractions, higher-level features that compile to lower-level code as fast as code written manually, Rust endeavors to make safe code be fast code as well. The Rust language hopes to support many other users as well; those mentioned here are merely some of the biggest stakeholders. Overall, Rust’s greatest ambition is to eliminate the trade-offs that programmers have accepted for decades by providing safety and productivity, speed and ergonomics. Give Rust a try and see if its choices work for you. Who This Book Is For This book assumes that you’ve written code in another programming language but doesn’t make any assumptions about which one. We’ve tried to make the material broadly accessible to those from a wide variety of programming backgrounds. We don’t spend a lot of time talking about what programming is or how to think about it. If you’re entirely new to programming, you would be better served by reading a book that specifically provides an introduction to programming. How to Use This Book In general, this book assumes that you’re reading it in sequence from front to back. Later chapters build on concepts in earlier chapters, and earlier chapters might not delve into details on a topic; we typically revisit the topic in a later chapter. You’ll find two kinds of chapters in this book: concept chapters and project chapters. In concept chapters, you’ll learn about an aspect of Rust. In project chapters, we’ll build small programs together, applying what you’ve learned so far. Chapters 2, 12, and 20 are project chapters; the rest are concept chapters. Chapter 1 explains how to install Rust, how to write a Hello, world! program, and how to use Cargo, Rust’s package manager and build tool. Chapter 2 is a hands-on introduction to the Rust language. Here we cover concepts at a high level, and later chapters will provide additional detail. If you want to get your hands dirty right away, Chapter 2 is the place for that. At first, you might even want to skip Chapter 3, which covers Rust features similar to those of other programming languages, and head straight to Chapter 4 to learn about Rust’s ownership system. However, if you’re a particularly meticulous learner who prefers to learn every detail before moving on to the next, you might want to skip Chapter 2 and go straight to Chapter 3, returning to Chapter 2 when you’d like to work on a project applying the details you’ve learned. Chapter 5 discusses structs and methods, and Chapter 6 covers enums, match expressions, and the if let control flow construct. You’ll use structs and enums to make custom types in Rust. In Chapter 7, you’ll learn about Rust’s module system and about privacy rules for organizing your code and its public Application Programming Interface (API). Chapter 8 discusses some common collection data structures that the standard library provides, such as vectors, strings, and hash maps. Chapter 9 explores Rust’s error-handling philosophy and techniques. Chapter 10 digs into generics, traits, and lifetimes, which give you the power to define code that applies to multiple types. Chapter 11 is all about testing, which even with Rust’s safety guarantees is necessary to ensure your program’s logic is correct. In Chapter 12, we’ll build our own implementation of a subset of functionality from the grep command line tool that searches for text within files. For this, we’ll use many of the concepts we discussed in the previous chapters. Chapter 13 explores closures and iterators: features of Rust that come from functional programming languages. In Chapter 14, we’ll examine Cargo in more depth and talk about best practices for sharing your libraries with others. Chapter 15 discusses smart pointers that the standard library provides and the traits that enable their functionality. In Chapter 16, we’ll walk through different models of concurrent programming and talk about how Rust helps you to program in multiple threads fearlessly. Chapter 17 looks at how Rust idioms compare to object-oriented programming principles you might be familiar with. Chapter 18 is a reference on patterns and pattern matching, which are powerful ways of expressing ideas throughout Rust programs. Chapter 19 contains a smorgasbord of advanced topics of interest, including unsafe Rust, macros, and more about lifetimes, traits, types, functions, and closures. In Chapter 20, we’ll complete a project in which we’ll implement a low-level multithreaded web server! Finally, some appendixes contain useful information about the language in a more reference-like format. Appendix A covers Rust’s keywords, Appendix B covers Rust’s operators and symbols, Appendix C covers derivable traits provided by the standard library, Appendix D covers some useful development tools, and Appendix E explains Rust editions. There is no wrong way to read this book: if you want to skip ahead, go for it! You might have to jump back to earlier chapters if you experience any confusion. But do whatever works for you. An important part of the process of learning Rust is learning how to read the error messages the compiler displays: these will guide you toward working code. As such, we’ll provide many examples that don’t compile along with the error message the compiler will show you in each situation. Know that if you enter and run a random example, it may not compile! Make sure you read the surrounding text to see whether the example you’re trying to run is meant to error. Ferris will also help you distinguish code that isn’t meant to work:

Virtualization Project devops project

A 3-Tier DevOps Task Manager Application demonstrating a complete DevSecOps CI/CD pipeline using GitHub Actions. This project showcases how modern DevOps pipelines automate code quality checks, security scanning, containerization, and cloud deployment.

Containerized Flask application with CI/CD pipeline using GitHub Actions, Docker, and AWS EC2 for automated deployment

Full Stack Task Manager application using Docker, Docker Compose, Node.js, and MongoDB with multi-container architecture.

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Full-stack Task Manager - Azure DevOps Learning Project

DevOps challenge: Deploy full-stack app with Docker, CI/CD, and monitoring

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This is a task manager application involving security in which complete devops practice is implemented

Microservices-based Task Manager deployed on Kubernetes with Docker containerization, Jenkins CI/CD, and Prometheus-Grafana monitoring.

A comprehensive HTMX + Django tutorial project for building dynamic web apps without complex JavaScript. Features a modern DevOps task manager with real-time updates.

I developed this tool during my time in Microsoft, this tool automates the tasks project managers and engineers do while trying to make substantial changes in their DevOps projects, teams, backlog items, repos etc. I'm only publishing a part of this tool for now. More parts will be released after the testing is done.

ABC Telecom Ltd. is one of India’s major telecommunication service providers offering landline, mobile phone and Fiber optic broadband services across the country. Their customer services group is interested in providing a set of customer redressal services through the development of a new application using the state-of-art technologies such as Spring-boot for the development of java-based services, and UI using Angular and integrate them suitably, so that all the necessary services are taken care of through this application. They want to have an online complaint management system where the customers can raise complaints regarding their landlines and broadband services. Scope: The system should be a web-based application, developed using spring framework as a backend and angular as a front-end that performs the following functions: Enables the Administrator to create and manages the lifecycle of different types of users Customer Manager Engineer 2. Enables the customers to login to the portal to raise and track complaints related to the services availed by them 3. Enables the manager to login, view the complaints raised by the customers and assign the ticket to the engineers based on the PIN Code 4. Enables the engineers to pick up the tickets, work on them, enter the status of the task. They can also re-assign it to the Field Workers if they cannot resolve it from the data center. Recommended Tools: Junit to perform Unit Testing Spring boot for web application MySQL Database for storing all the data and appropriate JDBC driver for connectivity Angular for Front End for all UIs. DevOps and production technologies: Git, GitHub, Docker Requirements Admin user is the super user of the system. The admin user creates other categories of user like customer, manager, and engineers. The admin user has the privilege to create, update and delete the records through the web interface and can access the entire system. Customer users can perform tasks like creating a complaint, view complaints, tracking the complaint and providing feedback on the resolution of the complaint through the web UI. The feedback provision is an optional feature. Customers should provide the following minimal details such as name, address (with PIN Code), telephone / mobile number, type of problem (cannot make a call, but receive a call or can make calls, but cannot receive calls, or neither make nor receive calls). Once successfully submit the complaint, a ticket is raised and shared it with the customer. At that time, the status of the ticket will be ‘RAISED’ Managers can pick the tickets from the active ticket list and assign them to the engineers based on the PIN code of the customer (where the service is installed). There should be different managers to take care of different PIN codes. You are expected to use at least about 5 – 10 different PIN codes, and there should be as many managers for assignment. Managers should also be able to see the status of all the tickets in all the areas. Engineers can log in and view all the tickets assigned to him/her and can pick the tickets assigned to them and assign it the status of ‘WIP”, (work on the case, which is dependent on the type of problem and resolve) and update the status as ‘RESOLVED’. In case they are not able to resolve the issue at their end, they can remark that this needs to be reassigned to Field Workers in case of a cable fault or at the customers’ site, and flag it as ‘ESCALATED” All the activities of all the use cases should be appropriately bound by session or other alternatives. Appropriate time-out to be provided for each user. UI Screens Login Screen The login screen will have the username and password fields. The usernames and passwords and roles are stored in the user table. The system should show those screens that are allowed for each category of users. Admin Activities through UI There has to be only one admin, and he/she can login/logout. Once logged-in, he/she should be able to maintain the lifecycles of Customer, Manager and Engineer Manager Activities through UI Managers should be able to login and logout. Once logged in he/she should be able to do the following, at a minimum: View all the tickets and status Assign Complaints to different Engineers Should be able to view of Customer feedback Engineers Activities through UI Engineers should be able to login and logout. Once logged in he/she should be able to do the following, at a minimum: View the complaints, View complaints based on individual customer Work on complaints (Off line activities) and assign the new status Mark the ticket status appropriately View the Customer feedback Customer Activities through UI A customer should be able to login/logout. Once logged in, he/she can view the status of the tickets raised by him/her. The customer also should be able to provide a feedback on the status RESOLVED or ESCALATED. In case there is a problem, the customer can raise a ticket on the complaint, through say, Register Complaint. Once successfully submitted, the customer should get the ticket number as the acknowledgement. Access Levels Appropriate users of the use cases defined in the Requirements section should have appropriate access levels. For example, Admin screens can take care of the CRUD operations on Customer, Manager and Engineer Use cases. Each of them should be able to do appropriate activities as defined above, using their UIs.

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devops-task-manager

task-manager-devops

devops-task-manager

task-manager-devops rr

Task manager app for devops projects

DevOps Lab 1 – Task Manager API

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DevOps Project: MERN Task Manager This project is a simple and beautiful Task Manager application built with the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express, React, Node.js). It serves as a demonstration of modern DevOps practices, including containerization with Docker, and CI/CD pipelines using both GitHub Actions and Jenkins.

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CLI Task Manager project for DevOps portfolio